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Russia & US relations were the central feature of US foreign policy from the end of World War II until the implosion of Soviet Union formally in 1991.  Since then, after a decline, Russia has experienced a rebirth and resurgence both internally and internationally around the 2000s.

In the current context, a series of issues continue to divide both nations, including  the nuclear balance between the two or the hot topic of the involvement of Russia in the 2016 US presidential elections.
However, no matter the issue, it always seemed to be a cold war between US & Russia, like in World War II, but more subtile use of weapons from both sides.

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What happened in 1939 launching the WWII set up the description of the relations between both countries, which is very similar to the status of the current situation.

Through history, there has been a dynamic tension between  US and Russia that goes back to the founding of the American Republic. Russia was for instance part of the Armed Neutrality of European states that opposed the British during the American Revolution and that at least implicitly provided assistance to the fledging american colonies. San Franciscans on the other hand will tell tht the real purpose of issuing the Monroe Doctrine of 1823 was to warn the Russians who at that time were establishing a fur-trading colony in San Francisco Bay to desist in their colonization of what would become part of the expanding of the United States. Collaboration between the two countries during World War II quickly turned into the encompassing, potentially civilization threatening Cold War that dominated international relations and their bilateral relations between the late 1940s and 1991 when the Soviet Union imploded and ceased to exist.

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During the first presidencies of Vladimir Putin, who assumed the top office, first as acting president, on the last day of 1999, and United States president George W. Bush, the United States and Russia began to have serious disagreements. Under Putin, Russia became more assertive in international affairs; under Bush, the U.S. took an increasingly unilateral course in its foreign policy  in the wake of the September 11 attacks.

The Russian leadership blamed U.S. officials for encouraging anti-Russian revolts during the Rose Revolution  in Georgia in 2003 and the Orange Revolution in Ukraine a year later that were seen by the Putin administration as intrusions into Russia's geographic sphere of interest.

Nevertheless, Putin and Bush were said to have established good personal relations.

In 2002, the United States withdrew from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty in order to move forward with plans for a missile defense system. Putin called the decision a mistake. Russia strongly opposed the 2003 invasion of Iraq, though without exercising its veto in the United Nations Security Council. Russia has regarded the expansion of NATO into the old Eastern Bloc, and U.S. efforts to gain access to Central oil and natural gas as a potentially hostile encroachment on Russia's sphere of influence.

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Despite U.S.–Russia relations becoming strained during the Bush administration, Russian president Dimitry Medvedev (president from May 2008 until May 2012, with Vladimir Putin as head of government) and U.S. president Barack Obama struck a warm tone at the 2009 G20 Summit in London and released a joint statement that promised a "fresh start" in Russia–United States relations. The statement also called on Iran to abandon its nuclear program and to permit foreign inspectors into the country.

In March 2009, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and her Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov symbolically pressed a "reset" button. The gag fell short as the Russian translation on the button was misspelt by the State Department and actually meant "overload" instead of "reset". After making a few jokes, they decided to press the button anyway.

In early July 2009, Obama visited Moscow where he had meetings with president Medvedev and prime minister Putin. Speaking at the New Economic School Obama told a large gathering, "America wants a strong, peaceful and prosperous Russia. This belief is rooted in our respect for the Russian people, and a shared history between our nations that goes beyond competition." Days after president Obama's visit to Moscow, U.S. vice president Joe Biden noting that the U.S. was "vastly underestimating the hand that it, told a U.S. newspaper that Russia, with its population base shrinking and the economy "withering", would have to make accommodations to the West on a wide range of national-security issues. Biden's words, published shortly after his visit to Ukraine and Georgia, were interpreted as "reaffirming the U.S. commitment to the principle that Russia does not have the right to a sphere of influence in these countries or anywhere in the former Soviet Union"; Friedman pointed up a fundamental error in the analysis that underlay such thinking and predicted, "We suspect the Russians will squeeze back hard before they move off the stage of history".

In March 2010, the United States and Russia reached an agreement to reduce their stockpiles of nuclear weapons. The new nuclear arms reduction treaty (called New START) was signed by President Obama and President Medvedev on April 8, 2010.

By 2012, it was clear that a genuine reset never happened and relations remained sour. Factors in the West included traditional mistrust and fear, an increasing drift away from democracy by Russia, and a demand in Eastern Europe for closer political, economic and military integration with the West. From Russia factors included a move away from democracy by Putin, expectations of regaining superpower status and the tactic of manipulating trade policies and encouraging divisions within NATO.

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Shortly after the start of the Syrian Civil War in the spring of 2011, the U.S. imposed sanctions on Syria's government and urged president Bashar El-Assad to resign; meanwhile, Russia, a long-standing ally of Syria, continued and increased its support for the Syrian government against rebels backed up by the U.S. and its regional allies.

The U.S. presidential campaign election of 216 saw the U.S. security officials accuse the Russian government of being behind massive cyber-hackings and leaks that aimed at influencing the election and discrediting the U.S. political system. The allegations were dismissed by Putin who said the idea that Russia was favouring Donald Trump was a myth created by the Hillary Clinton Campaign.

The relations between the US and Russia have always been tensed and influenced by the past. Many American remain worry about the Soviet history of Russia and continue to see it through the lens of the experiment of Cold War. Russia is longing for is power and recognition of a nation playing a major role on the international field. Hopefully with the intent of being seen as a 'normal state', relations will be peaceful and beneficial for each country.