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USA:USA pulled out of the Paris climate agreement, which was agreed on by nearly 200 countries in 2015, which is dedicated to lowering emissions and strengthening countries' abilities to deal with the effects of climate change. The United States is second only to China in terms of carbon dioxide emissions.Administrator Scott Pruitt announced plans to repeal the Clean Power Plan. The Obama-era rule requires states to meet specific carbon emission reduction standards based on their individual energy consumption. It includes an incentive program for states to get a head start on meeting standards for renewable energy and low-income energy efficiency. JAPAN:The goal is to promote green economy via taxes and emission tradings. There have been policies to update people on critical climate developments. That way, people will better understand the importance of protecting our environment and the result of enhanced greenhouse effect.program is centered on Clean Development Mechanism and International cooperation, mid-term goals, green tax reforms, domestic 

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USA:USA pulled out of the Paris climate agreement, which was agreed on by nearly 200 countries in 2015, which is dedicated to lowering emissions and strengthening countries' abilities to deal with the effects of climate change. The United States is second only to China in terms of carbon dioxide emissions.Administrator Scott Pruitt announced plans to repeal the Clean Power Plan. The Obama-era rule requires states to meet specific carbon emission reduction standards based on their individual energy consumption. It includes an incentive program for states to get a head start on meeting standards for renewable energy and low-income energy efficiency. JAPAN:The goal is to promote green economy via taxes and emission tradings. There have been policies to update people on critical climate developments. That way, people will better understand the importance of protecting our environment and the result of enhanced greenhouse effect.program is centered on Clean Development Mechanism and International cooperation, mid-term goals, green tax reforms, domestic 

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Kyoto Protocol-International agreement that commits its Parties by setting internationally binding GHG emission reduction targets.-Adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005-During the first commitment period, 37 industrialized countries and the European Community committed to reduce GHG emissions to an average of five percent against 1990 levels-During the second commitment period, Parties committed to reduce GHG emissions by at least 18 percent below 1990 levels in the eight-year period from 2013 to 2020-Parties involved meet their targets by way of three market-based mechanisms:1. Emissions Trading -Parties with commitments under the Kyoto Protocol have accepted targets for limiting or reducing emissions -Targets expressed as levels of allowed emissions, or assigned amounts,at over the 2008-2012 commitment period -Emissions trading, as set out in Article 17 of the Kyoto Protocol, allows countries that have emission units to spare (emissions permitted them but not "used") to sell this excess capacity to countries that are over their targets.Thus, a new commodity was created in the form of emission reductions or removals -Since carbon dioxide is the principal greenhouse gas, people speak simply of trading in carbon. Carbon is now tracked and traded like any other commodity. This is known as the "carbon market." -Other units which may be transferred under the scheme:1)Removal unit (RMU) on the basis of land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities such as reforestation 

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Kyoto Protocol-International agreement that commits its Parties by setting internationally binding GHG emission reduction targets.-Adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005-During the first commitment period, 37 industrialized countries and the European Community committed to reduce GHG emissions to an average of five percent against 1990 levels-During the second commitment period, Parties committed to reduce GHG emissions by at least 18 percent below 1990 levels in the eight-year period from 2013 to 2020-Parties involved meet their targets by way of three market-based mechanisms:1. Emissions Trading -Parties with commitments under the Kyoto Protocol have accepted targets for limiting or reducing emissions -Targets expressed as levels of allowed emissions, or assigned amounts,at over the 2008-2012 commitment period -Emissions trading, as set out in Article 17 of the Kyoto Protocol, allows countries that have emission units to spare (emissions permitted them but not "used") to sell this excess capacity to countries that are over their targets.Thus, a new commodity was created in the form of emission reductions or removals -Since carbon dioxide is the principal greenhouse gas, people speak simply of trading in carbon. Carbon is now tracked and traded like any other commodity. This is known as the "carbon market." -Other units which may be transferred under the scheme:1)Removal unit (RMU) on the basis of land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities such as reforestation 

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SINGAPOREUse of vertical greening:and rooftop gardens for buildings to absorb heatand lower building temperatures, and mitigate the urban heat effect, thus saving energy for coolingGovernment Efforts:The Government facilitates energy efficient projects in the industries by helping companies to identify commercially viable energy efficiency improvements and helping to defray upfront costs through co-funding. Also, the National Environment Agency (NEA) has been working with various government agencies to design and implement an Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) model, in which a third party bears the upfront cost of energy efficiency investments and shares the expected energy savings over time with the consumer for energy efficiency retrofits to public sector buildings. Building LawsDevelopers and owners of new buildingprojects are required by the Building Control(Environmental Sustainability) Regulation toachieve minimum Green Mark standards. Thisrequires them to achieve 28% energy efficiencyimprovement from 2005 codes

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SINGAPOREUse of vertical greening:and rooftop gardens for buildings to absorb heatand lower building temperatures, and mitigate the urban heat effect, thus saving energy for coolingGovernment Efforts:The Government facilitates energy efficient projects in the industries by helping companies to identify commercially viable energy efficiency improvements and helping to defray upfront costs through co-funding. Also, the National Environment Agency (NEA) has been working with various government agencies to design and implement an Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) model, in which a third party bears the upfront cost of energy efficiency investments and shares the expected energy savings over time with the consumer for energy efficiency retrofits to public sector buildings. Building LawsDevelopers and owners of new buildingprojects are required by the Building Control(Environmental Sustainability) Regulation toachieve minimum Green Mark standards. Thisrequires them to achieve 28% energy efficiencyimprovement from 2005 codes

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SINGAPORETransport:In addition to bidding for the Certificate of Entitlement which confers the right to own a vehicle, a buyer of a new vehicle will also be taxed for vehicle purchase and ownership. Such taxes include the Additional Registration Fee (which canbe up to 100% of the open market value of the vehicle), Excise Duty and Road Tax. To help raise public awareness of fuel efficiencyin cars and to encourage motor traders to bring in more fuel-efficient vehicles into Singapore, NEA introduced a Fuel Economy LabellingScheme (FELS) in 2003 that was subsequently made mandatory in 2009. Under this scheme, motor traders provide buyers with fuel efficiency information to help them make more informed purchasing decisions. To reduce vehicle emissions in 

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SINGAPORETransport:In addition to bidding for the Certificate of Entitlement which confers the right to own a vehicle, a buyer of a new vehicle will also be taxed for vehicle purchase and ownership. Such taxes include the Additional Registration Fee (which canbe up to 100% of the open market value of the vehicle), Excise Duty and Road Tax. To help raise public awareness of fuel efficiencyin cars and to encourage motor traders to bring in more fuel-efficient vehicles into Singapore, NEA introduced a Fuel Economy LabellingScheme (FELS) in 2003 that was subsequently made mandatory in 2009. Under this scheme, motor traders provide buyers with fuel efficiency information to help them make more informed purchasing decisions. To reduce vehicle emissions in 

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SINGAPORE is fully committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by:  - encouraging zero waste using the 3R lifestyleAiming to reduce, reuse, recycle. Energy is needed to burn the waste we generate (e.g. waste incineration). The less waste generated; the less burned, and the less CO2 produced -promoting the use of water and electricity efficientlyincrease of water prices and campaigns to educate citizens on how to save water -trying to keep the air clean and haze freeadvocate the use of public transport over the use of private vehicles to reduce carbon emissions.Buying items from green companies as a form of support tow

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SINGAPORE is fully committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by:  - encouraging zero waste using the 3R lifestyleAiming to reduce, reuse, recycle. Energy is needed to burn the waste we generate (e.g. waste incineration). The less waste generated; the less burned, and the less CO2 produced -promoting the use of water and electricity efficientlyincrease of water prices and campaigns to educate citizens on how to save water -trying to keep the air clean and haze freeadvocate the use of public transport over the use of private vehicles to reduce carbon emissions.Buying items from green companies as a form of support tow

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SUMMARY OF PARIS AGREEMENT (total of 180 parties as of late)combat climate change and adapt to its effectsenhanced support to assist developing countries in thiskeeping a global temperature rise this century below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levelsincrease the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate changeappropriate mobilization and provision of financial resourcesnew technology framework and enhanced capacity-buildings to be put in placeall Parties to update regularly on their progressglobal stocktake every 5 years to assess the collective progress towards achieving the purpose of the agreement and to inform further individual actions by Parties.

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SUMMARY OF PARIS AGREEMENT (total of 180 parties as of late)combat climate change and adapt to its effectsenhanced support to assist developing countries in thiskeeping a global temperature rise this century below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levelsincrease the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate changeappropriate mobilization and provision of financial resourcesnew technology framework and enhanced capacity-buildings to be put in placeall Parties to update regularly on their progressglobal stocktake every 5 years to assess the collective progress towards achieving the purpose of the agreement and to inform further individual actions by Parties.