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With the final sheet

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This was is Stockton,Ca. No need for so many cops to take one person down

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This was is Stockton,Ca. No need for so many cops to take one person down

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https://www.liberationnews.org/stockton-police-brutality-part-of-everyday-life/

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https://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/10/27/opinion/27tue1/27tue1-blog427.jpg

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http://www.africanglobe.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Police-Brutality-And-Self-Defense-2.jpg

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http://fordhampoliticalreview.org/the-audacity-of-fear-how-police-brutality-makes-a-post-obama-a-frightful-place/

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http://quietmike.org/tag/police-brutality/

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Tells you about how racial bias makes a cop decide if he will pull you over or stop you.

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Eighteen academic studies, legal rulings, and media investigations shed light on the issue roiling America.

As the nation reels from a series of high-profile fatal shootings of black men by police officers, many have decried the lack of readily available data on how racial bias factors into American policing. But while it's true that there is no adequate federal database of fatal police shootings (F.B.I. director James Comey has described the lack of data as "embarrassing and ridiculous"), there exists a wealth of academic research, official and media investigations, and court rulings on the topic of race and law enforcement.

The Hive has collected 18 such findings below. This list is not exhaustive, and does not purport to comment on the work of all police officers. It is, rather, merely a digest of the information available at present. Sometimes, studies and investigations reveal evidence of intentional bias; other studies point to broader societal and institutional factors that lead to implicit bias. Taken together, the research paints a picture of a nation where a citizen's race may well affect their experience with police-whether an encounter ends with a traffic stop, the use of police force, or a fatal shooting.

POLICE KILLINGS OF UNARMED AMERICANS

2. An independent analysis of Washington Post data on police killings found that, "when factoring in threat level, black Americans who are fatally shot by police are, in fact, less likely to be posing an imminent lethal threat to the officers at the moment they are killed than white Americans fatally shot by police." According to one of the report's authors, "The only thing that was significant in predicting whether someone shot and killed by police was unarmed was whether or not they were black. . . . Crime variables did not matter in terms of predicting whether the person killed was unarmed."

HOW POLICE DETERMINE WHOM TO STOP

In San Francisco, "although Black people accounted for less than 15 percent of all stops in 2015, they accounted for over 42 percent of all non-consent searches following stops." This proved unwarranted: "Of all people searched without consent, Black and Hispanic people had the lowest 'hit rates' (i.e., the lowest rate of contraband recovered)." In 2015, whites searched without consent were found to be carrying contraband at nearly two times the rate as blacks who were searched without consent.

"African Americans are more than twice as likely as white drivers to be searched during vehicle stops even after controlling for non-race based variables such as the reason the vehicle stop was initiated, but are found in possession of contraband 26% less often than white drivers, suggesting officers are impermissibly considering race as a factor when determining whether to search," the authors wrote. Nearly 90 percent of documented uses of force by the Ferguson Police Department were used on African-Americans, and every documented use of a police canine bite involved African-Americans.

8. A 2015 analysis by The New York Times found that in Greensboro, North Carolina, police officers "used their discretion to search black drivers or their cars more than twice as often as white motorists-even though they found drugs and weapons significantly more often when the driver was white." That pattern held true for police departments in four states. In Greensboro, " officers were more likely to stop black drivers for no discernible reason. And they were more likely to use force if the driver was black, even when they did not encounter physical resistance."

9. A 2013 ruling by a New York Federal District Court judge found that the New York Police Department's "stop and frisk" practices violated the constitutional rights of minority citizens of the city. Between January 2004 and June 2012, the city conducted 4.4 million stops. Eighty-eight percent of those stops resulted in no further action, and 83 percent of the stopped population were black or Hispanic, despite the fact that those minority groups, together, made up just over half of the city's overall population. (The number of stop-and-frisk stops has dropped dramatically since its peak in 2011.)

10. A 2011 investigation by the Justice Department found that the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office, headed by Joe Arpaio, had "a pervasive culture of discriminatory bias against Latinos," and that the office also tried to interfere with the department's investigation. The sheriff's office "engages in racial profiling of Latinos; unlawfully stops, detains, and arrests Latinos; and unlawfully retaliates against individuals who complain about or criticize [the office's] policies or practices," the report's authors said. (Arpaio responded by saying, "We are proud of the work we have done to fight illegal immigration.")

RACE AND THE USE OF NONLETHAL FORCE

11. A controversial working paper by Harvard professor Roland Fryer Jr. found that police officers are more likely to use their hands, push a suspect into a wall, use handcuffs, draw weapons, push a suspect onto the ground, point their weapon, and use pepper spray or a baton when interacting with blacks. The study found no evidence of racial bias when it comes to police shootings, but Fryer's methodology has come under criticism. The study relied on police reports, which have been previously shown to be a flawed data set, and its finding on justified shootings focused largely on data from Houston, Texas. (Fryer defended his work, but admitted his research is far from perfect.)

12. A study by the Center for Policing Equity found, as characterized by a preview in The New York Times, that "African-Americans are far more likely than whites and other groups to be the victims of use of force by the police, even when racial disparities in crime are taken into account." The study looked at 19,000 use-of-force incidents between the years 2010 and 2015.

WHEN OFF-DUTY OFFICERS ARE KILLED BY POLICE

FINDINGS ON THE USE OF HANDCUFFS

16. A Stanford study of police practices in Oakland, California, found that officers were disproportionally handcuffing blacks. "Regardless of the area of the city, disproportionate treatment by race was similar and the raw totals were stunning," according to a Washington Post summary of the findings. The Post continues: "2,890 African Americans handcuffed but not arrested in a 13-month period, while only 193 whites were cuffed. When Oakland officers pulled over a vehicle but didn't arrest anyone, 72 white people were handcuffed, while 1,466 African Americans were restrained. " The researchers also found significant differences in the way officers spoke to African Americans: "Using only the words an officer uses during a traffic stop, we can predict whether that [officer] is talking to a black person or a white person" with 66 percent accuracy.

STUDIES THAT FOUND LITTLE OR NO EVIDENCE OF ANTI-BLACK BIAS

17. There are some studies that draw other conclusions. Research by a Washington State University professor found that, while shown video simulations, officers were less likely to shoot unarmed black suspects than unarmed white suspects. They also took an extra 0.23 seconds, on average, before firing on black suspects in the simulations. "We found that officers were slightly more than three times less likely to shoot unarmed black suspects than unarmed white suspects," the researchers noted, while allowing for the possibility that the officers might act differently in live situations, and that the officers may have adjusted their behavior because they were being tested.

18. In a 2007 study, University of Chicago researchers used simulations to compare the abilities of police officers and the general population to determine whether to shoot a target that was flashed before them. The targets featured a mix of armed and unarmed black and white people. While "both samples exhibited robust racial bias in response speed," researchers concluded that "officers outperformed community members on a number of measures, including overall speed and accuracy." The bias related to response speed was found to be anti-black.

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What the Data Really Says About Police and Racial Bias

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Eighteen academic studies, legal rulings, and media investigations shed light on the issue roiling America. As the nation reels from a series of high-profile fatal shootings of black men by police officers, many have decried the lack of readily available data on how racial bias factors into American policing.

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Gives you every story up to date

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A Times analysis found officers shoot without restraint, protected by their bosses and by politicians, certain that illegal killings will not be held against them.

By Manuela Andreoni, Ernesto Londoño and Dado Galdieri

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Police Brutality, Misconduct and Shootings

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A Times analysis found officers shoot without restraint, protected by their bosses and by politicians, certain that illegal killings will not be held against them. By Manuela Andreoni, Ernesto Londoño and Dado Galdieri

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This is a data base where you can download the data to read about every police shooting so far in 2016

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New insight Search the database of 990 people were fatally shot by police in 2015 There were fatal shootings in 2016 than in 2015. Number of those fatally shot by police Each marks the location of a deadly shooting. There are shootings with unverified locations that are not shown on the map.

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#PoliceBrutality
#Justice
#Peace
#AllLivesMatter
#BlackLivesMatter
#Cops
#DontShoot
#Icantbreath
#Protest
#Wrong

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This can help people understand when police should use force and when not to

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Think Like A Cop: When Is It OK For Police To Use Deadly Force?

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With all the talk about police brutality in the U.S. right now, we wanted to know: When is it OK - by law - for cops to shoot someone? The answer on deadly force isn't as simple as we hoped.

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At 1:00 you can see police spraying pepper spray at people who are peacefully protesting, stop the video at about 2:20

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Drone Pilots EXPOSING Oil Police Violence

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Police VIOLENTLY ATTACK Protesters At Standing Rock

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Police continue to viciously attack the protesters at Standing Rock, ND. They are being hosed down with pepper spray, shot with rubber bulets and more. Cenk Uygur and Ana Kasparian, hosts of The Young Turks, break it down. Tell us what you think in the comment section below.

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Citizen Journalism helps create Justice

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.