# data[].attributes.body
Cybercrime

# data[].attributes.body
uestion 1 (2 points) 


Macroscopically bone can be divided into i) compact or cortical bone, and ii) spongy, cancellous or trabecular bone. From the following indicate which most accurately reflects the normal relative proportions of each found in the human body.



Question 1 options:
 | a)  | Compact 50% and trabecular 50%
 | b)  | Compact 20% and trabecular 80%
 | c)  | Compact 80% and trabecular 20%
 | d)  | Compact 40% and trabecular 60%
 | e)  | Compact 30% and trabecular 70%
Save


Question 2 (2 points) 


Which one of the following is NOT considered a class of pigment?



Question 2 options:
 | a)  | Autologous
 | b)  | Exogenous
 | c)  | Artifact
 | d)  | Haematological
 | e)  | Autogenous
Save


Question 3 (2 points) 


In which condition is the bone mass essentially normal but the ratio of mineralised to non-mineralised bone is abnormal?



Question 3 options:
 | a)  | Osteomyealitis
 | b)  | Osteoporosis
 | c)  | Paget's disease
 | d)  | Osteopetrosis
 | e)  | Osteomalacia
Save


Question 4 (2 points) 


Which of the following is NOT true of the Liver?



Question 4 options:
 | a)  | Major site of haematopoiesis in the adult
 | b)  | Receives 25% of cardiac output at rest
 | c)  | Largest organ in the body (1.5kg in an adult)
 | d)  | Acts as a “buffer” (food processor) between the intestine and the rest of the body
 | e)  | Considerable capacity for regeneration
Save


Question 5 (2 points) 


Myoepithelial cells in breast tissue can be characterised by immunohistochemical positive staining for which of the following . Choose all that apply.



Question 5 options:
 | a)  | CD10
 | b)  | CK14
 | c)  | Progesterone Receptor
 | d)  | Oestrogen receptor
 | e)  | Smooth Muscle Actin 

The prognostic factor in malignant melanoma as measured on histological section is known as which of the following?



Question 6 options:
 | a)  | Dukes Measurement
 | b)  | Laennec stage
 | c)  | Breslow Thickness
 | d)  | Braak Staging
 | e)  | Gleason Factor
Save


Question 7 (2 points) 


Osteoclasts generate their own secluded acid environment which is known as:



Question 7 options:
 | a)  | Space of disse
 | b)  | Volkmanns canals
 | c)  | Sharpies depression
 | d)  | Lamina lucida
 | e)  | Howships lacunae
Save


Question 8 (2 points) 


A basal cell tumour of the skin, if left untreated, can cause local destruction of surrounding soft tissues and bone. This is sometime referred to as:



Question 8 options:
 | a)  | Buruli Ulcer
 | b)  | Necrotising fasciitis
 | c)  | Melanoma
 | d)  | Squamous Cell Carcinoma
 | e)  | Rodent Ulcer
Save


Question 9 (2 points) 


What is the main cellular change in Barrett’s Oesophagus?



Question 9 options:
 | a)  | Hypoplasia
 | b)  | Metaplasia
 | c)  | Aplasia
 | d)  | Metachromasia
 | e)  | Hypertrophy
Save


Question 10 (2 points) 


Which highly malignant tumour is typically associated with exposure to asbestos?



Question 10 options:
 | a)  | Rhabdomyosarcoma
 | b)  | Mesotheliom
 | c)  | Wilms Tumour
 | d)  | Seminoma
 | e)  | Astrocytoma
Question 11 (2 points) 


A reduction in measured bone density is indicative of:



Question 11 options:
 | a)  | Ricketts
 | b)  | Pagets disease
 | c)  | Osteopetrosis
 | d)  | Osteomalacia
 | e)  | Osteoporosis
Save


Question 12 (2 points) 


What is considered the first gene to be involved in the classical adenoma-carcinoma sequence for colorectal malignancy?



Question 12 options:
 | a)  | Retinoblastoma
 | b)  | APC
 | c)  | NF-kB
 | d)  | SMAD
 | e)  | P53
Save


Question 13 (2 points) 


What is the name given to the Grading system used to evaluate liver damage histopathologically?



Question 13 options:
 | a)  | Fuhrman Grading System
 | b)  | Hunt and Hess Grading
 | c)  | Ishak Grading
 | d)  | Goseki Grading
 | e)  | Mankin Grading System
Save


Question 14 (2 points) 


Which one of the following diseases is NOT considered a Transmissable Spongioform Encephalopathy?



Question 14 options:
 | a)  | Fatal familial insomnia
 | b)  | Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome
 | c)  | Creuedzfelt Jacob Disease
 | d)  | Huntington’s Disease
 | e)  | Kuru
Save


Question 15 (2 points) 


The hormone calcitonin is produced by c-cells found in which gland?



Question 15 options:
 | a)  | Thyroid
 | b)  | Pancreas
 | c)  | Thymus
 | d)  | Adrenal
 | e)  | Pituitary
Question 16 (2 points) 


Osteoblasts typically contain high amounts of the following factors: (choose all that apply)



Question 16 options:
 | a)  | Cathepsin-K
 | b)  | Osteoprotegerin
 | c)  | Acid phosphatase
 | d)  | Osteonectin
 | e)  | Alkaline phosphatase
Save


Question 17 (2 points) 


What is the inner region of the kidney called?



Question 17 options:
 | a)  | nephron
 | b)  | Medullary ray
 | c)  | Medulla
 | d)  | Renal columns
 | e)  | Lobe
Save


Question 18 (2 points) 


Under Direct Immunofluorescence microscopy, Bullous Pemphigus is characterised by a ‘chicken wire’ appearance due to autoantibodies directed against which of the following proteins?



Question 18 options:
 | a)  | Desmoglein 3
 | b)  | Type VII collagen
 | c)  | Type IV collagen
 | d)  | Keratins 5 & 14
 | e)  | Laminin
Save


Question 19 (2 points) 


Enatameba histoytica can be readily demonstrated in tissue sections by the PAS reaction due to the high levels of which component within the amoeba organism?



Question 19 options:
 | a)  | Glucose
 | b)  | Glycogen
 | c)  | Chitin
 | d)  | Starch
 | e)  | Actin
Save


Question 20 (2 points) 


The peripheral conversion of androgens to oestrogens can be inhibited by which class of enzyme inhibitors?



Question 20 options:
 | a)  | Taxanes
 | b)  | Aromatase inhibitors
 | c)  | Tamoxifen
 | d)  | PARP inihibitors
 | e)  | Anthracyclines
Save


Previous Page
Next Page

Question 21 (2 points) 


Which one of the following would you use to remove artifactual formalin pigment from fixed tissue?



Question 21 options:
 | a)  | Iodine
 | b)  | Hyrdogen Peroxide
 | c)  | Saturated Picric Acid
 | d)  | Osmic Acid
 | e)  | Lithium Carbonate
Save


Question 22 (2 points) 


Which of the following is NOT a method for the microscopic evaluation of in situ hybridisation for determination of HER2 status?



Question 22 options:
 | a)  | CISH
 | b)  | FISH
 | c)  | KISH
 | d)  | DISH
 | e)  | SISH
Save


Question 23 (2 points) 


What type of hamartous malformations, caused by the proliferation of melanocytes can be categorised as junctional, compound and intradermal?



Question 23 options:
 | a)  | Hyadtidiform moles
 | b)  | Melanoma
 | c)  | Dermatitis herpetiformis
 | d)  | Naevi
 | e)  | Bullous Pemphoid
Save


Question 24 (2 points) 


How would you demonstrate iron in its ferrous state?



Question 24 options:
 | a)  | Perls Prussion Blue
 | b)  | Acid Fast Ziehl-Neelsen
 | c)  | Periodic Acid Schiff
 | d)  | Turnbulls Blue
 | e)  | Van Gieson
Save


Question 25 (2 points) 


Wilson’s disease is a condition caused by excessive copper accumulation. Which of the following stains are used to demonstrate copper in histopathological section? Choose all that apply.



Question 25 options:
 | a)  | Rhodanine
 | b)  | Rubeannic Acid
 | c)  | Perls
 | d)  | Gordon and Sweets’ Reticulin
 | e)  | Masson Trichrome
Question 26 (2 points) 


When viewed under polarised light Starch has a characteristic appearance which is referred to as:



Question 26 options:
 | a)  | 'stained glass'
 | b)  | 'epifluorescent'
 | c)  | 'argentophilic'
 | d)  | 'maltese cross'
 | e)  | 'apple green'
Save


Question 27 (2 points) 


Which of the following are examples of benign tumours? Choose all that apply.



Question 27 options:
 | a)  | Lymphoma
 | b)  | Liposarcoma
 | c)  | Chondroma
 | d)  | Hodgkins Disease
 | e)  | Osteoma
Save


Question 28 (2 points) 


A ‘ground glass’ appearance of hepatocytes under brightfield microscopy are commonly associated with which infectious condition?



Question 28 options:
 | a)  | Cholangitis
 | b)  | Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
 | c)  | Steatohepatitis
 | d)  | Chronic viral hepatitis
 | e)  | Hemochromatosis
Save


Question 29 (2 points) 


Which of the following is NOT a cause of acute liver injury?



Question 29 options:
 | a)  | Bile duct obstruction
 | b)  | Hepatitis viruses A, B and C
 | c)  | Alcohol
 | d)  | Auto-immune Liver Disease
 | e)  | Drugs
Save


Question 30 (2 points) 


What type of specialised dendritic cell is commonly found in the epidermis of the skin?



Question 30 options:
 | a)  | Kupfer cell
 | b)  | Langerhans cell
 | c)  | Follicular dendritic cell
 | d)  | Kulschitsky cell
 | e)  | Microglial cell
Question 31 (2 points) 


In the kidney what is the Malpighian Corpuscle?



Question 31 options:
 | a)  | Bowmans Capsule
 | b)  | Loop of Henle
 | c)  | Glomerulus
 | d)  | Distal convoluted tubule
 | e)  | Renal Corpuscle
Save


Question 32 (2 points) 


The demonstration of mycobacteria in tissue section by ZN technique is thought to be dependent upon which component of the bacterial cell wall?



Question 32 options:
 | a)  | Arabinofuranose
 | b)  | Teichoic acid
 | c)  | Lipopolysaccharide-s
 | d)  | Mycolic acid
 | e)  | Peptidoglycan
Save


Question 33 (2 points) 


Which ONE of the following histochemical special stains can be used for demonstrating biliary canaliculi of the liver under light microscopy?



Question 33 options:
 | a)  | Steiner Silver Staining method
 | b)  | Rhodanine
 | c)  | Perls’
 | d)  | Masson Trichrome
 | e)  | Reticulin
Save


Question 34 (2 points) 


What is the correct term for a malignant tumour of squamous cells?



Question 34 options:
 | a)  | adenoma
 | b)  | squamous cell papilloma
 | c)  | adenocarcinoma
 | d)  | carcinoma of the pancreas
 | e)  | squamous cell carcinoma
Save


Question 35 (2 points) 


Exposure to Helicobacter Pylori is strongly associated with which of the following? Choose all that apply.



Question 35 options:
 | a)  | Chrohns Disease
 | b)  | Gastritis
 | c)  | Gastric Ulcer
 | d)  | MALToma
 | e)  | Duodenal Ulcer
 
Question 36 (2 points) 


Which of the following are examples of amphiboles? (Tick all that apply.)



Question 36 options:
 | a)  | Actinolite
 | b)  | Amosite
 | c)  | Crocidolite
 | d)  | Erionite
 | e)  | Chrysotile
Save


Question 37 (2 points) 


What type of epithelial layer is found in the normal oesophagus?



Question 37 options:
 | a)  | Stratified squamous epithelium
 | b)  | Pseudo-stratified epithelium
 | c)  | Transitional epithelium
 | d)  | Simple Columnar epithelium
 | e)  | Simple cuboidal epithelium
Save


Question 38 (2 points) 


A chaotic distribution of lamellar bone with numerous visible cement lines under microscopic examination is diagnostic of which of the following conditions:



Question 38 options:
 | a)  | Osteoporosis
 | b)  | Osteopetrosis
 | c)  | Osteomalacia
 | d)  | Addison Disease
 | e)  | Paget's Disease
Save


Question 39 (2 points) 



Which of the following is NOT a technique used for decalcification of bone?






Question 39 options:
 | a)  | Organic chelation
 | b)  | Electrolysis
 | c)  | Formic Acid
 | d)  | EDTA
 | e)  | Alkali hydrolysis
Save


Question 40 (2 points) 


Which one of the following staining techniques is used for the assessment of active osteoid formation?



Question 40 options:
 | a)  | Goldners Tricrome
 | b)  | Von Kossa
 | c)  | Toluideine Blue
 | d)  | Tetracycline
 | e)  | Martius Scarlet Blue
Save


Previous Page
Next Page

Page 8 of 10

  
Question 41 (2 points) 


In a knockout mouse system, where osteoclasts are not produced, which conditions results?



Question 41 options:
 | a)  | Osteopetrosis
 | b)  | Osteomalacia
 | c)  | Osteoporosis
 | d)  | Osetomyalosis
 | e)  | Osteosclerosis
Save


Question 42 (2 points) 


A particularly useful process for assessing breast cancer prognosis, traditionally using 3 factors; Tumour Grade, Number of lymph nodes involved and tumour size is named after which city in which it was first developed?



Question 42 options:
 | a)  | Leeds
 | b)  | Nottingham
 | c)  | Manchester
 | d)  | Bristol
 | e)  | Sheffield
Save


Question 43 (2 points) 


The BRCA1 mutation is most commonly associated with which of the following main types of breast cancer as distinguished by immunoprofiling?



Question 43 options:
 | a)  | All four main types given
 | b)  | Luminal A
 | c)  | Her2 +ve
 | d)  | Triple Negative
 | e)  | Luminal B
Save


Question 44 (2 points) 


The hypersensitivity reactions seen in the condition commonly known as farmers lung is caused typically by:



Question 44 options:
 | a)  | Actinomyces Israelii
 | b)  | Aspegillus fumigatus
 | c)  | Pseudomonas aeruginosa
 | d)  | Treponema pallidum
 | e)  | Borrelia burgdorferi
Save


Question 45 (2 points) 


Which gastro intenstinal disease is associated with the following histopathological features: inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa showing infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells with possible presence of granulomas?



Question 45 options:
 | a)  | Chrohn’s Disease
 | b)  | APUDoma
 | c)  | Cholecystitis
 | d)  | Coeliac Disease
 | e)  | Irritable Bowel Syndrome 
 
Question 46 (2 points) 


HER2 is located on which chromosome?



Question 46 options:
 | a)  | Chromosome 17
 | b)  | Chromosome X
 | c)  | Chromosome 7
 | d)  | Chromosome 1
 | e)  | Chromosome 11
Save


Question 47 (2 points) 


Which of the following is the name given to the most outer layer of the skin?



Question 47 options:
 | a)  | stratum basale
 | b)  | stratum granulosum
 | c)  | stratum corneum
 | d)  | stratum licidum
 | e)  | stratum spinosum
Save


Question 48 (2 points) 


What condition would you expect to see Warthin Finkaldy giant cells?



Question 48 options:
 | a)  | Mumps
 | b)  | Tuberculosis
 | c)  | Rabies
 | d)  | Chicken Pox
 | e)  | Measles Pneumonia
Save


Question 49 (2 points) 

Which of the following is NOT a method for antigen retrieval in immunohistochemistry?




Question 49 options:
 | a)  | Trypsin Digestion
 | b)  | Heat-mediated
 | c)  | De-waxing of paraffin sections
 | d)  | Pressure Cooker
 | e)  | Microwave
Save


Question 50 (2 points) 


Which of the following are features of malignant neoplasms? Choose all that apply.



Question 50 options:
 | a)  | compresses surrounding organs or tissues
 | b)  | cells are fairly uniform and resemble each other
 | c)  | the DNA content of the cells is increased
 | d)  | No capsule
 | e)  | Numerous prominent nucleoli can be present 

# data[].attributes.headline
the listening I have done over the last 5 weeks

# data[].attributes.subject
the listening I have done over the last 5 weeks