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There are three main things that organisms have to struggle with this deep in the ocean. One is the immense amount of pressure. The pressure underwater increases by 1atmosphere for every 10 meters underwater you go. This leads to crazy pressures in the deepest parts of the ocean. Animals cope with this by having specially structured cells and having special proteins that help them cope with the pressure and stop their cells from being destroyed by the pressure. The next struggle is the lack of light which is also tied to the lack of food. The lack of light leads to animals using bioluminescence to create light. That is the production of light without using heat. The lack of light also leads to a lack of plants that can perform photosynthesis, which is the basis of most food chains. Animals get around this by feeding on the reamains of animals who died in the upper parts of the ocean.

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it is 9:49 on 2/19

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It is 8am - the submission deadline has passed

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A fact that many people are unaware of is that 79% of our planet is made up of water deeper than 4,000 feet. This is why scientific discoveries and inventions such as the submarine and image capturing technology are greatly important. As the deeper parts of the ocean, known as the benthic zone, have been researched, some major problems have been discovered. Some major factors of the benthos zone are total darkness, extreme pressure, and extreme cold. The lack of sunlight makes photosynthesis impossible, and requires any living organisms to have to adapt. Bioluminescence, a chemical reaction in a microbe or animal body that creates light without heat, is a common occurrence in the benthic zone. This creates a very small amount of light, which some species have adapted their eyes to use this light. Other organisms, however, are just blind and require other senses in order to survive. The next factor which makes the deepest parts of the ocean hard to explore is the pressure caused by the large volume of water above it. This pressure can affect the membranes and proteins of organisms, which also forces them to adapt. One of the ways in which they have adapted is their membranes and proteins have pressure-resistant structures, which are not fully understood.

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Until recently, the deep ocean has not been able to be explored due to harsh conditions. The deeper the ocean goes into its' mesopalegic and lower levels of the ocean the more sunlight diminishes and eventually is nonexistent. The harsh conditions that need to be explored and for organisms to live under are extreme coldness, oxygen levels, great water pressure, and total darkness. Adaptations that allow us to explore these depths are those such as fiber optics. The struggle for organisms in these deep waters is the struggle to find prey and/or food. Some adaptations from organisms to the conditions of the mesopalegic and lower levels are bioluminescence, the production of light from a chemical reaction in the organisms microbe. Also, some organisms adapt to the low presence of light by having large eyes to capture what little sunlight is available. Some fish rely on eachother and their heightened senses of touch, smell, vibration, and auditory. Another example is some fish have lost ability to see red lights, so the dragonfish has the ability to illuminate its prey with a red light and their doesn't even know it is being illuminated. To adapt the pressure of the deep ocean some organisms gained the ability to create pressure-resistant biomolecules and piezolytes. To some organisms camouflage is an important adaptation to these deep waters to hide from predators and preserve their lives.

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After I finished this article it was clear that the deeper you go underwater the darker, colder, and stranger it gets. Mankind knows more about outer space then our deep oceans. What we do know that at around 1,000 meters deep sunlight disappears. This provides a huge challenge for sea life at those depths.  To combat this many species of fish have large eyes to capture what little light there is. In addition sea creatures at these depths start to creat bioluminescence. Bioluminescence is a type of light that is created inside the animal's body and requires no heat. Scientist belive it is used as a Cummunicatior between animals as a way to attract mates or warn others of incoming predators. The light can also be used as a fishing lore to attract fish and other prey like the fish in the film, "Finding Nemo" that tried to eat Dory and Nemo's dad.  The next big struggle is the water's pressure. The deeper you go the more the pressure builds. This crush can crush the inner organs of marine life. To cope with The pressure many fish life develop large her gas filled swim bladders. These gas filled chambers resisted the air pockets caused by deep pressure. This is also an effect of bioluminescence. Another struggle is the temperature. The deep sea can be anywhere from -1 to 4 degrees Celsius and never freeze. Marine life adapt to this by having much more loose, flexible proteins and membranes that don't get stiff from the cold water. However these proteins in membranes often for parts in the warmer weather which is why many of the sea creatures that are brought from the debts do not survive. In my opinion The last major struggle is finding food. After the steps food is very scarce and with a little is found is taking very quickly. As I have already said some fish use bioluminescence to lore in pray but the main method of hunting is scavenging. Most marine life search the seafloor for algy and whatever has died and sank to the sea floor. Often carcasses are stripped to bone. Many of the sea life can live for a long time without finding food this is due to a slower metabolism and a reduced level of protein in muscle. The fascinating part of the deep-sea is that there is so much to learn. We only have a small amount of deep seas discovered and we know next to nothing of the type of fish and other marine organisms that live there. Thanks to advances in technology we are able to sink down to those deep levels and explore. The more we explore the more we will learn, the more we learn the more we understand about this different world and the inhabitants that live there

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There are many struggles that can be found in the deep ocean for any organisms living there. There is not much known about the deep sea to humans, but we do know that there are thousands of species we have not discovered or we know exist but know nothing about. These species have to endure multiple struggles to survive in the harsh conditions of the deep sea every day. First, one struggle in the deep ocean is the lack of light. The sunlight does not penetrate nearly as far as the bottom of the sea, and this means that photosynthesis cannot occur when the sunlight fades out. This makes it harder for species living in the dark areas to acquire food and energy. Another struggle is the extreme pressures. All of these animals need to survive through extreme pressures, which can change rapidly every meter descending down. It could make their bladders enlarge and kill them in an instant. They also have made an adaption of loose proteins and unsaturated membranes that don't stiffen up in the cold temperatures. Some places in the deep have no oxygen at all. Species that live here have made adaptions to live without oxygen, but scientists do not know how. Whole food can also be harsh, most species have made noticeable adaptations to aid them in capturing prey, such as a light on their dorsal fin to lure in prey. There are many more adaptations and struggles that have to be faced by animals in the deep. In addition, there is so much more to learn about the lives and habits of the animals in the deep sea.

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Before reading this article, I had no idea of what it was truly like in the deep sea. Life in the deep sea has to deal with no source of light except for bioluminescence, extreme cold, and great pressure. It is because of these obstacles that the life dealing with them are so fascinating. Because of the limited sources of food, light, oxygen, and nutrients these fish have adapted and become seriously unique and intelligent compared to the sea life that we have always been aware of. The life at the deepest parts of the ocean have highly advanced sensations, which give them he best chance of survival given the situation they're in. Another major problem for deep sea life is pressure. Pressure rises 1 atmosphere for each 10 meters in depth. The deep sea varies in depth from 200 meters to about 11000 meters, therefore pressure ranges from about 20 atmospheres to more ham 1100 atmospheres. These high pressures have caused adaptations to the life in which their membranes and proteins have become pressure-resistant. When these fish are brought to sea level, they usually die because of the pressures that they are used to dealing with. In order to assist the life that has to deal with these issues, much advanced technology has been developed. An example of this is LED light which has allowed us to understand the behavioral characteristics of this life. Another example is ROVs and AUVs, which have allowed us to delve deep into the ocean to places humans can't physically go and collect data and specimens crucial to our research.

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Since reading this article I have learned about the many struggles and accommodations that have been made made in the deep ocean. People have found more evidence on the moon and mars than they have in the ocean. For starters, sunlight is one of the main conflicts when it comes to the deep sea because photosynthesis and sunlight cease after about 1,000m, when trenches can reach to 11,000m according to the MarineBio blog. Exploration is considered another challenge when it comes to the deep sea because of its complete and utter darkness.  Devices that collect marine data have been made to help scientists observe geological and biological samples from the deep, but that only gets them so far in their research. In these scarce zones, deep sea creatures have evolved their eating habits. Since photosynthesis is obviously out of the question for the deep, most food is made up of decaying remains of plants, algae, microbes, and deceased animals from the upper zones. The scavengers on the sea floor have adapted to these eating customs. Certain species like the Epipelagic tuna, adapts to the low food supply by saving energy. To do so they have watery, gelatinous muscles and other low nutrition needed content throughout their bodies to survive. Reproduction is yet another hassle and adjustment for deep sea species. It's noted in the marinebio blog that in the vast dark depths these species use light patterns as well as scents to attract their mates. Moreover, this unexpected life continues to grow and each day scientists discover how life below the surface struggles and adapts to their specific surroundings.

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Life at the bottom of the ocean is crazy in relation to the normal ocean level creatures. They have to adapt in many ways. "Life in the deep sea must withstand total darkness (except for non-solar light such as bioluminescent), extreme cold, and great pressure.". As you can see the life in the deep see have to undergo numerous changes in comparison to normal ocean life. To observe all these "crazy" creatures we have made numerous major adaptations. First we have made a type of LED light to see these types of fish and creatures. We have also made remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) that have allowed us to go into the deep/bottom of the ocean. These vehicles have allowed us to bypass the immense pressure and pracitically pitch blackness, and with this we can observe the numerous life that is there. These ROVs have cameras and mechanical arms that allow us to capture video footage and also allow us to take some life from the bottom of the ocean, which I believe is crazy. Finally, we have manned deep sea submarines that allow us to do most of the same things the ROVs do. "This sub, which carries 3 people (typically a pilot and 2 scientists), has been used for more than 4,000 dives reaching a maximum depth of more than 4,500 m.". All of these advancements have allowed us to bypass the light, pressure, temperature, and total lack of oxygen to discover the bottom of the ocean. Along with all of our advancements, the life at the bottom of the ocean has to make some too! They have to adapt to numerous down playments of the deep sea. They adapt in the following: light, pressure, temperature, lack of oxygen, lack of food, reproduction, and gigantism. Gigantism is the tendency for certain types of animals to become truly enormous in size. An example of this is the legend of the giant squid. So as you can see the life at the bottom of the ocean, as I have said numerous times, has to adapt in many forms being that physically and adaptilly. All in all, this article was very interesting and very informing about what exactly the deep/bottom of the ocean entails for life in it, and for us to discover it

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The bottom of the ocean is like outer space compared to ocean level life. One such thing that is remarkably different is the pressure. On the bottom of the ocean, the water pressure is so high that air bubbles inside of fish can collapse, damaging the fish. But more importantly, pressure affects the molecules that build all human life. Molecules are not destroyed, and they have altered themselves in such a way to survive the incredible pressure. One way is that the molecules have changed their structures to be pressure resistant, but science has not yet come to that conclusion. Secondly, other organisms use "piezolytes", which are molecules that stop larger molecules from becoming distorted. The science behind how molecules have adapted is relatively unknown, but their adaptations are remarkable. With no fish to graze on because of the lack of sunlight, any prey caught must not escape. Many deep sea fish have long, sharp teeth that point inward that aide in keeping caught fish in the mouth. Also, some have adapted their heads to have a bioluminescent photophore that helps lure prey in. The two most dangerous differences in the deep sea, extreme pressure and lack of food, have been met with evolutionary precision. With all that we don't know about the sea still out there, when discovered it may seem like a whole new world that has been living in our back yard.

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There are many struggles that can be found in the deep ocean. Some of these struggles are the lack of light, the extreme amount of pressure, the cold temperatures, and the fight for food sources. The deepest ocean waters below 1,000 m are as black as night, yet there is still some light! This is because of bioluminescence, a chemical reaction in a microbe or animal body that creates light without heat. Some deep sea creatures use it for headlight, communication, lures to attack prey, or even alarms. Another struggle of deep ocean life is the pressure. Pressure increases 1 atmosphere(atm) for each 10 m in depth. The deep sea varies in depth from 200 m to about 11,000m, therefore pressure ranges from 20 atm to more than 1,100 atm. Life in the deep sea has two ways of dealing with this issue: their membranes and proteins have pressure-resistant structure and they use piezolytes, small organic molecules recently discovered that somehow prevent pressure from distorting large biomolecules. A third struggle in deep sea life is the extremely cold temperatures. The deep sea temperature remains between about -1 to about +4°C. Life adapts to this by having "loose" flexible proteins and unsaturated membranes which do not stiffen up in the cold. The last struggle for deep sea life is the fight for food. Creatures in the deep have to worry about obvious predators around them, but also if they will be able to find food. Things like photosynthesis obviously do not occur that deep and it is hard to eat or catch other creatures, so they have to eat decays and remains from fish that died on higher levels in the ocean. For example, a deep sea creature would be having a feast if a dead whale floated down near him. These are four possible struggles of deep sea life and how life has adapted to them.

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Human have only just started really exploring the deep ocean in the past few decades, and we have found some pretty weird things. Scientists have discovered life that lives in pretty tough conditions by our standards. One of the biggest struggles is light. Most creatures have adapted to not require much light or no light at all. Some have evolved to even produce their own light through bioluminescence. There are also other fish that use what little light that there is by reflecting it or absorbing it to blend in.Another struggle life down in the deep sea faces is the immense pressure. Pressure drops 1 atmosphere every 10 meters and the deep sea is considered 200 meters- 11,000 meters, so the pressure can range anywhere from 2 atmospheres to 1,100 atmospheres. For humans that would mean instant death but some live has evolved to deal with the pressure. Some life has also had to evolve to deal with the scarcity of food. Organisms have evolved to use as little energy as possible by becoming more gelantanious. A final thing life has done to survive in the deep ocean is living in cold temperatures. Similar to dealing with low food availibity, fish have become "looser" and mor flexible to withstand the frigid temperatures found at the bottom of the ocean. For most of these organisms that live in the depths of the ocean this is normal, everyday life, but for us humans this is an extreme way of living.

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There is a great struggle to survive in the deep ocean. The first struggle is light, or lack thereof. Sunlight disappears at 1,000 meters below the surface. To cope with this, many organisms utilize bioluminescence. Bioluminescence is the major form of communication for life where there is no sunlight. Some animals have very large eyes so they can view whatever light does exist, while others use their other senses to navigate their environment. Another problem for life at these depths is pressure. To deal with the immense pressure, many organisms have pressure-resistant mechanisms in their cell membranes, while others have piezolytes, which are small organic molecules that prevent the distortion of larger molecules. Another issue for life in the deep ocean is temperature, as it gets very cold at these depths. Organisms deal with this by having flexible cell membranes. Oxygen can be scarce or even nonexistent in some bodies of water. Some animals can live with these low oxygen levels, while others can live with no oxygen at all. The last major struggle for life in the deep ocean is the search for food. For organisms at these depths, the most common method of obtaining food is scavenging. Animals feed off the decaying remains of whatever dead animals, algae, or plants sink to the ocean floor. Some animals survive on very little food by having low nutrient content in their tissues and muscles.

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After reading this article their are many struggles thatn can be found in the deep ocean. These struggles are light/photosynthesis, temperature, of the water, food, pressure and Oxygen levels. With these many struggles live in the deep sea have to adapt to those conditions. Many deep sea creature adapt to the lack light by  ia chemical reaction in a microbe or animal body that creates light without heat, which is called bioluminescence. This function helps habitatants of the deep sea to also see, life prey and to mate as well. Also for life in the deep sea the temperature significantly decreases because there is no sunlight, it amazing how life survives down there. So the only for us to go down to the deep sea and not freeze to death is by sub or in a deep diving suit. Which also applies to pressure as well for humans because the deep we go in the ocean the more the water pressure is. Some fish adapt to this natural but others have protein called piezolyte that prevent their membranes form distorting form the pressure. Also for food deep sea creature can't use photosynthesis so they adapt by eating mostly dead microbes. Lastly the deep seas creature adapt to the low oxygen level from the use of bacteria but others can just live without. In conclusion there is still much to discover about the deep sea ocean, and today we are discovering new things about the creatures that live their everyday