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The Horizontal Type Tool creates and edits vector-based text in a separate layer

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a small illustration or portrait photograph which fades into its background without a definite border.

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Stands for "High Dynamic Range." HDR is a technology that improves the range of color and contrast in a digital image.

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a very wide-angle lens with a field of vision covering up to 180°, the scale being reduced toward the edges.

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a lens suitable for taking photographs unusually close to the subject.

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A reflector is a specialized reflective surface used to redirect light towards a given subject. In photographic terms, this means that you can use a reflector to bounce or diffuse either natural or artificial light.

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The Adjustment Layers in Photoshop are a group of a super useful, non-destructive image editing tools that add color and tonal adjustments to your image without permanently changing its pixels. With the adjustment layers, you can edit and discard your adjustments or restore your original image at any time.

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Layer masking allows you to hide or use as much of any one layer as you like. Some people call a mask a matte, a frisket or a hi-con. It is a black and white image that cuts out a layer, allowing it to show though wherever the pixels are white, and holds out or hides a layer wherever the mask is black.

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The Gradient tool creates a gradual blend between multiple colors. You can choose from preset gradient fills or create your own. Note: You cannot use the Gradient tool with bitmap or indexed-color images.

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The Smudge tool simulates the effect you see when you drag a finger through wet paint. The tool picks up color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction you drag.

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The Sharpen tool in Photoshop Elements increases the contrast among adjacent pixels to give the illusion that things are sharper. This tool should be used with restraint, however. Sharpen can quickly give way to overly grainy and noisy images if you're not cautious.

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The Blur Tool is used to paint a blur effect. Each stroke made using the Blur Tool will lower the contrast between affected pixels, making them appear blurred.

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The Sponge tool in Photoshop is often overlooked, but it offers plenty of creative possibilities for image editing. Essentially, the Sponge allows you to saturate or desaturate a specific area of your image, intensifying or removing color when necessary.

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The Dodge tool and the Burn tool lighten or darken areas of the image. These tools are based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print.

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The Dodge tool and the Burn tool lighten or darken areas of the image. These tools are based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print.

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In Photoshop CS6 the Rectangular Marquee tool creates rectangular, including square, selections. Use this tool when you want to zero in on an image, plucking it out of a larger background to provide a better focal point.

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Quick Selection tool. You can use the Quick Selection tool to quickly “paint” a selection using an adjustable round brush tip.

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Similar to the lasso tool, except that instead of holding your mouse button down to draw, left-click on various points to create a selection with a series of straight edges.

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The Magic Wand Tool, known simply as the Magic Wand, is one of the oldest selection tools in Photoshop. Unlike other selection tools that select pixels in an image based on shapes or by detecting object edges, the Magic Wand selects pixels based on tone and color.

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The lasso is an editing tool available, with minor variations, in most digital image editing software.

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The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys.

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In computer graphics software, specifically Adobe Photoshop, the Clone Stamp tool selects and samples an area of your picture and then uses these pixels to paint over any marks.

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The Patch Tool is part of the healing brush set of tools. These are the go-to tools for retouching and repairing your images. The Patch Tool is primarily used to repair larger areas of an image, or get rid of any distractions or blemishes

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The Healing Brush tool allows you to fix image imperfections such as scratches, blemishes, etc. By sampling the surrounding area or using a predefined pattern you can blend the imperfections into the rest of the image

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The spot healing brush is the default healing tool in Photoshop and can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area

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By Vangie Beal In graphics and image-editing programs, the brush tool is an element of the painting tool that allows you to select a brush shape (square, circle, oval and so on) and also the the thickness in pixels you want to paint on your image with.

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The paint bucket tool fills an area of an image based on color similarity. Click anywhere in the image and the paint bucket will fill an area around the pixel you clicked.

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So, to straighten a photo, click the Crop Tool (or press C) and click the Straighten icon on the toolbar.

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Aspect ratio, also known as aspect definition, is the relationship between the width and height of a photo. It essentially describes the shape of your image.

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The Crop Tool cuts out a defined area deleting or hiding the rest of an image

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The Hand tool is more of a function than an actual tool because you rarely need to click the Hand tool to use it.

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As you might imagine, the zoom tool allows you to zoom in on the image to get a better idea of the actual pixel makeup of a section you are working on. It is fairly easy to use the tool.

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The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys.

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the global adjustment of the intensities of the colors (typically red, green, and blue primary colors). An important goal of this adjustment is to render specific colors – particularly neutral colors – correctly.

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the state or process that occurs when no more of something can be absorbed, combined with, or added.

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The Options Bar is the horizontal bar that runs underneath the Menu Bar in Photoshop. You can turn it on and off through the Windows menu, so if you don't see it on your screen, you definitely want to turn it on with Window

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One of the basic elements of Adobe Photoshop is the menu bar, located at the very top of the program. The menu bar is used to open and save files, adjust the canvas size, access some of the editing tools, open and close various windows, and more.

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Palettes are essential components of your tool set. For one, palettes help you define the nature of your tools. That is, palettes help you customize how the tools in the toolbox perform. For example, you might "sharpen" (make the line thin) or "dull" (make the line thick) your pencil tool using the "Brushes Palette".

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a strip of icons used to perform certain functions.

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You create and manipulate your documents and files using various elements, such as panels, bars, and windows. Any arrangement of these elements is called a workspace. ... The Application bar across the top contains a workspace switcher, menus.

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a lens with a longer focal length than standard, giving a narrow field of view and a magnified image.

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In film and photography, a prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens, typically with a maximum aperture from f2.8 to f1.2.

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the crop factor, format factor, or focal length multiplier of an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format; most often, this term is applied to digital cameras, relative to 35 mm film format as a reference

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an image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C

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a sensor that's the same size as a single frame of traditional 35mm film, measuring 36 x 24mm

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The amount of detail that the camera can capture is called the resolution, and it is measured in pixels.

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a photographic technique that combines a slow shutter speed with camera motion to create a sense of speed around a moving object.

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Light painting, painting with light, light drawing, or light art performance photography are terms that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long exposure photograph

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Time-lapse photography is a technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured is much more spread out than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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process of editing the data captured by camera while taking the photo to enhance the image.

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a monochrome image rendered in brown tones rather than the greyscale tones used in a traditional black and white image.

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Normally it is assumed to be one of the brightest points in the image.

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That range of tones which lie between highlights with detail and shadows with detail.

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within an image can be used to add or remove darkness from a scene, dramatically altering the overall feel and depth of a photograph.

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a feature called white balance that can be set manually depending on the light conditions that one is shooting.

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the flash of a camera can be quite a cool light

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This mode is used for getting brighter and warmer shots while compensating for the cool shade of fluorescent light.

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This mode is used for light under a little bulb like tungsten, and it is often used while shooting indoors.

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the blue shift in cloudy light

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produces the dull orange shade as it spreads the biased light.

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the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo.

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adjusting colors so that the image looks more natural.

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The monopod is used to hold the camera steady while in the field. It is not as steady as a tripod since it has only one leg

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used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

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the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

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an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds.

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the time for which a shutter is open at a given setting.

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the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus.

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the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera.

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the effect of a soft out-of-focus background that you get when shooting a subject, using a fast lens, at the widest aperture, such as f/2.8 or wider.

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the lens diaphragm opening inside a photographic lens. The size of the diaphragm opening in a camera lens REGULATES amount of light passes through onto the film inside the camera the moment when the shutter curtain in camera opens during an exposure process.

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a camera setting corresponding to a particular f-number.

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it is several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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a technique for adjusting the exposure indicated by a photographic exposure meter, in consideration of factors that may cause the indicated exposure to result in a less-than-optimal image.

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predicts a photo's exposure, relative to the standard exposure, taken with the current meter reading and using the current exposure settings.

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the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings.

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a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something.

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it is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake.

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an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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a very small or concise description, representation, or summary.

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a set of data that describes and gives information about other data.

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denoting or relating to a camera that combines the optics and mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor, rather than photographic film.

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An image sensor is an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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Film Grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons.

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ASA and ISO are both measurements of film speed, or sensitivity to light.

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It is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise.

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It measures the sensitivity of the image sensor.

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Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions as measured by the camera's light meter.

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refers to a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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refers to the fact that you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo. Whether you choose Auto or program, the camera chooses an aperture and shutter speed combination that will give you a good exposure.

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one of the main settings on your camera, and it lets you manually control shutter speed, aperture, and ISO.

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in a digital camera where the camera's software fully controls all aspects of the photograph, from the shutter speed to the aperture setting to the focus.

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is a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers

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It is commonly used by digital cameras to store photos

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a file is a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop

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a file format that captures all image data recorded by the sensor when you take a photo.

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a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file.

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the first hour after the occurrence of a traumatic injury, considered the most critical for successful emergency treatment.

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Description

The blue hour is the period of twilight when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon and residual, indirect sunlight takes on a predominantly blue shade, which differs from the one visible during most of a clear day, which is caused by Rayleigh scattering.