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Throughout the years and centuries people have looked up at the sky and theorized how the stars, sun and moon correlate with the earth. These theories have led us to what we now today (except for flat-earthers) even though the start to Astronomy was Astrology (Justifying things by saying it is true).

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The ancient greek philosopher believed that the spherical earth was in the center of the solar system proposing the geocentric model to explain how the sky works. This theory said that 55 crystalline concentric circles would travel around the earth at different velocities whilst carrying stars and planets

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The Ptolemaic model took Aristotle's idea for apparent motions of the planets. He assumed that each planet moved on an epicycle (a small sphere) which then moved on a deferent (larger sphere). The stars moved on a celestial sphere around the outside of the planetary spheres, which again was an assumption and not able to be proven.

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This polish astronomer was the first person to propose that the earth and planets moved around the sun and that the earth would move daily around its own axis. He took Claudius Ptolemy's model of circular epicycles and rotating spheres and proposed to put the sun into the middle, a solar (relating to sun) system.

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Having been born five years after Nicolaus Copernicus published  “De revolutionibus“ which proposed the heliocentric model, Bruno "Philosopher of Astronomy" apart from continuing to try to persuade people of the heliocentric solar system also proposed theories of the multiplicity of worlds as well as the theory of an infinite universe. As his idea and Copernicus' idea were trying to disapprove the churches idea of the sky, the geocentric model, he was sentenced to 9 years in prison.

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Tycho Brahe, a Danish astronomer, whose work helped to develop astronomical instruments and also to determine distance to and positions of stars, observed the sky to detremine the position of about 777 fixed stars and also a map of the solar system. The noseless astronomer, was said to have died under mysterious circumstances. Some say it was to Mercury poisoning, some to conssumption of Gold throughout his life.

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Apart from imroving the telescope and developing an eraly form of the thermometer, Galilei discovered the 4 biggest moons of Jupiter and the rings of Saturn, but most importantly he agreed with the copernican theory of the solar system as it supported the theories of his work. Therefore, Galilei was sentenced to 9 years in prison by the church.

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Kepler proposed a few things: that planets orbit the sun in elliptical orbit, also that the time it takes to traverse any arc of a planetary orbit is actually proportional to the area of sector between the central body and named arc and that "there is an exact relationship between the squares of the planets’ periodic times and the cubes of the radii of their orbits". These are the laws of planetary motion.

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Inventing the universal laws of gravity, Sir Isaac Newton wrote "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" to further understand gravity, the orbits of planets and provide proof that the Earth rotates around the sun. He also invented the world's first reflecting telescope and found outabout the spectrum of light. Addionally, he presented his idea of strength of the force of the gravitational interaction between objects. The mass of the earth was for example determined with the help of Newton's formula.