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The camel is very culturally and religiously significant to several Arab countries.  They were closely associated with several Islamic prophets, and play a vital part in the Hajj which is the annual pilgrimage to Mecca.  They historically were used as a primary mode of transportation.  Additionally, they are often showcased in Arab sports during camel racing.  Much like the other animals, they have incredible water conversation due to the hump on their back.  They are also known for their ability to consume vast amounts of water in a short amount of time (up to 30 gallons).

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The Arabian horned snake is a venomous snake native to the Arabian peninsula.  They are very distinctive in that they have two horns, one above each eye and these along with their sandy/light brown color. are believed to help them camouflage in their sandy environment.  They are a relatively small snake typically growing to be 2-3ft long.  They are most active during the night time when temperatures are cooler, and although they are not particularly aggressive they will coil up and strike, using their venom to protect themselves.  Their venom is not typically lethal and primarily causes tissue damage and bleeding.  However, if bitten it is important to seek medical attention.  Much like the spiny-tailed lizard, the Arabian horned snake is currently listed as “Least Concern” in terms of extinction on the IUCN Red List.

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The spiny-tailed lizard is a reptile native to the Middle East and North Africa.  It is covered with sharp spines to deter predators and a distinctive spiny tail, which it uses for defense against predators.  Their color varies depending on their environment or age but they are typically brown or gray, and can grow up to 12 inches including their tail.  They prefer rocky terrain and are active during the day, spending most of their time lying in the sun to regulate their body temperature.  They are very territorial creatures, and wil raise their tail and spread their spines when threatened.  They are listed as “Least Concern” in terms of extinction of the IUCN Red List.

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The sand cat is one of the smallest wild cat species.  They are well adapted to their environment as they have thick fur coats allowing camouflage, padded paws to protect them from the hot sand, and large ears to detect any prey or predators nearby.  They primarily hunt rodents, birds, and reptiles, and are most active throughout the night when the temperature is cooler.  Due to habitat loss and hunting, sand cats are considered to be susceptible to extinction.  However, several organizations have been formed to raise awareness about their vulnerability.

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Once extinct in the wild, the Arabian Oryx is back due to conservation efforts.  Both males and females have white hair, and long horns they use for defense.  They are well adapted to the desert in that they have specialized hooves for walking on sand, thick fur for insulation, and impressive water conservation that allows them to go for weeks on end without water.  They became extinct due to habitat loss in the 1970s, but the species has been brought back through various breeding and reintroduction programs.

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The Arabian Peninsula is home to many unique animals. Many of these species are known for their ability to withstand extreme temperatures, conserve water for several weeks, and unique camouflage to survive in their challenging environment. However, due to various factors such as habitat loss and climate change, many of these species remain endangered.  Although several conservation efforts attempt to protect these species, more must be done to ensure their survival.