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Vocabulary plays a crucial role in reading comprehension. Understanding vocabulary includes grasping the meanings of words and their relationships, which aids students in making sense of what they read (Hougen et al.,2020).

Classroom Activity:

Vocabulary Word Wall: Educators can create a word wall where new words are added weekly, along with pictures, definitions, and example sentences.

Accommodations for Students at Different Developmental Levels:

Emerging Readers: These students can use images and tactile materials, such as flashcards with textured letters, to interact with words.

Advanced Readers: These students can add synonyms, antonyms, and example sentences to their vocabulary words.

English Language Learners (ELL): These students benefit from translations or visual aids to help understand new words.

1. Family Resources:

Resource 1: Engaging vocabulary games for home, such as “I Spy” or “Word Scavenger Hunt,” can be easily tailored to suit various age groups and will help enhance children's vocabulary.

• Resource 2: A multilingual dictionary app or website, like Google Translate, can assist ELL families in comprehending and reinforcing vocabulary in both their native language and English.

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Comprehension is the process of understanding what is read. It involves connecting ideas, grasping story structure, and making inferences to uncover deeper meanings in texts (Hougen et al.,2020).

Classroom Activity:

Guided Read-Aloud with Stop-and-Think Moments: The educator can read a story aloud, pausing to pose comprehension questions that encourage students to anticipate upcoming events or to retell key details.

Accommodations for Diverse Learners:

For emerging readers, select books with illustrations that complement the text and facilitate retelling through visual cues.

For advanced readers, incorporate questions regarding character motivations and outcomes, prompting them to make inferences that extend beyond the literal text.

English Language Learner (ELL) students may benefit from pre-teaching essential vocabulary found in the text and providing sentence starters to assist with retelling or making predictions.

Family Resources:

Educators can provide parents with a handout that includes interactive reading strategies. One suggestion is to pause during storytime and ask open-ended questions, such as, "What do you think will happen next?"

Resource 2: Access to audiobook apps or websites, such as Storyline Online, which offer narrated stories accompanied by visuals. This resource is particularly beneficial for families with limited access to physical books.

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Five Resources to Support Reading Components 

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Five Resources to Support Reading Components 

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Five Resources to Support Reading Components

1. 1. Journal Article: An exploration of vocabulary development techniques tailored for early readers.

2. Video: An engaging, concise video that outlines fundamental reading comprehension strategies.

3. Book: Bringing Words to Life: Robust Vocabulary Instruction by Isabel Beck, which offers valuable insights into vocabulary instruction.

4. ELL Resource: Resources from Colorín Colorado focusing on reading comprehension strategies specifically designed for English Language Learners (ELL).

5. Special Education Resource: A guide or article detailing comprehension adaptations for students with learning disabilities (Adler, 2024).

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Five Resources to Support Reading Components 

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Supporting students with and without exceptionalities necessitates an inclusive approach that addresses each student’s unique learning requirements. Differentiated instruction is crucial, as it enables teachers to tailor lessons and activities to accommodate varying abilities, learning styles, and linguistic or cultural backgrounds (Hougen et al.,2020). To enhance vocabulary acquisition, incorporating visual aids, multilingual supports, and tactile learning materials can ensure comprehension for all students, including English Language Learners (ELL) and those with special education needs.

Comprehension strategies, such as guided read-alouds accompanied by interactive questioning, engage students across different reading levels and deepen their understanding of texts. For students with exceptionalities, additional scaffolds like pre-teaching vocabulary and providing sentence starters facilitate more independent engagement. At the same time, advanced readers may benefit from higher-level questioning or extension activities that encourage critical thinking.

Encouraging family involvement through accessible resources, like audiobooks and home-friendly games, helps bridge learning from school to home, particularly for families facing unique challenges. Ultimately, fostering an inclusive classroom environment means providing flexible, responsive supports that enable all students, regardless of their needs, to participate fully and build confidence in their literacy skills. Inclusive practices not only foster academic growth but also promote a sense of belonging, empowering all students as readers and learners.

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Adler, c. (2024). Seven Strategies to Teach Students Text Comprehension. Retrieved from https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/english-language-learners/articles/vocabulary-development-ell s

Hougen,M., Smartt, S., Cardenas-Hagan, E., & Ebbers, S. (2020). Fundamentals of literacy instruction & assessment, pre-k-6 (2nd ed.). Brookes Publishing.

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