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A landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court which ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional

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Total elimination of poverty and racial injustice. New major federal programs that addressed civil rights, education, medical care, urban problems, rural poverty, and transportation were launched during this period.

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An explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission or a combination of fission and fusion reactions.

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The United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki respectively. The bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in an armed conflict.

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A doctrine of military strategy and national security policy which posits that a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by an attacker on a nuclear-armed defender with second-strike capabilities would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender.

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A geopolitical theory which posits that increases or decreases in democracy in one country tend to spread to neighboring countries in a domino effect.

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A geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II.

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A collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955.

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A political metaphor used to describe the political boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War.

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An intergovernmental military alliance between 31 member states – 29 European and two North American.

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A set of unified rules and policies that provided the framework necessary to create fixed international currency exchange rates.

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An intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a center for harmonizing the actions of nations.

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An organization that is established by a treaty.

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The genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population.

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Skipping over heavily fortified islands in order to seize lightly defended locations that could support the next advance

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Reduce, Ration and Recycle

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A customs duty or tax levied on imports of merchandise goods.

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Investors are borrowing money from their broker to purchase stock shares.

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A coded message sent to Mexico, proposing a military alliance against the United States. The obvious threats to the United States contained in the telegram inflamed American public opinion against Germany and helped convince Congress to declare war against Germany in 1917.

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One of the largest movements of people in United States history. Approximately six million Black people moved from the American South to Northern, Midwestern, and Western states roughly from the 1910s until the 1970s.

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Subjected Germany to strict punitive measures.

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Formed to prevent a repetition of the First World War

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Loyalty and devotion to a nation.

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A country's desire to strengthen their armed forces in order to make themselves more powerful.

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A statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900.

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Published The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783.

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When a country extends its power into other territories for economic or political gain.

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National policy of avoiding political or economic entanglements with other countries

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Legal prevention of the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States from 1920 to 1933

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The right of women to vote in elections.

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Reform-Minded journalists who claim to expose corrupt/wrongdoing's in certain companies and or institutions.

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People had to spend money on certain things for the "greater good" of America.

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Certain people become more powerful because they are more popular.

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A term from 1877-1900 "coined" by Mark Twain. It refers to economic growth in the North and Western states.

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A large group of people move from 1 place to another because of something that is out of their control.

group of people move to another place.

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When employees/workers protest for better pay, working conditions, or anything else. This puts a stop to all production of certain things.

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A term applied to rich/wealthy people who did things that the less wealthy people didn't like and that were unethical.

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As listed, the 4 people were the titans of our industry. Some saved industries, some created industries.

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JP Morgan was 4 of the 4 "titans" of the American Economic System. He was the first "bank" and started to capitalize on it.

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Rockefeller was 3 of the 4 "titans" of the American Economic System. He constructed the oil industry after it was in disarray, and started a monopoly.

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Andrew Carnegie is 2 of the 4 "titans" of the American Economic System. He was a titan of the steel industry and expanded it.

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Cornelius Vanderbilt was 1 of the 4 "titans" of the American Economic System. He was the first railroad titan, and built his empire on it.

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Where a private owner/owners are in charge of trade and money exchange.

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Britain's unofficial  policy of lenient or lax enforcement of parliamentary laws toward the American colonies.

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Three out of five slaves were counted when determining a state's total population for purposes of legislative representation and taxation.

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The Great Compromise was a arrangement where both expansive and little states would be decently spoken to by making two houses of Congress

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The Newburgh conspiracy was a seemingly unsuccessful threat made by  Continental Army leaders in March 1783 during the final stages of the American Revolution.

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A plan to bring the British colonies in North America under a more centralized government.

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The Northwest Ordinance was an organic act of the Confederate Congress  of the United States.

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Human thinking can help discover truths about the world, religion, and politics and  improve the lives of humanity.

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The Anti-Federalists opposed ratification of the 1787 Constitution, fearing that the new central government would become too powerful and endanger individual liberties.

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A person who defends or supports a system of government in which several states are united under a central authority.

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A document that established the functions of the central government of the United States after the declaration of independence from Great Britain.

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A Tory is an person who supports a political reasoning known as Toryism.

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A person who is willing to actively support their country and protect it from enemies and critics.

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Economic exchange amongst three markets and geographies

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Religious reform movement in the 16th and 17th centuries that sought to “purify” the church of England.

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Total ownership of one person over another.

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Colonies with a large agricultural base. Because of location they were key distribution centers in the English Mercantile System

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Colonies founded by the Puritans for religious purposes. Goal was to create a society as God intended.

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state of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, and government has been reached.

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An economic system built on the assumption that the world's supply of wealth is fixed and that nations must export more goods than they import to assure a steady supply of gold and silver into national coffers. Mercantile thinkers saw the inflow of such wealth as the key to maintaining and enhancing national power and self-sufficiency. Within this context, the accumulation and development of colonies was of great importance, since colonies could supply scarce raw materials to parent nations and serve as markets for finished goods.

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In an effort to entice English subjects to the colonies, parties would offer legal bonded contracts that would exchange the cost of passage across the Atlantic for up to seven years of labor in America.

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The government in Spain gave away large tracts of conquered land in Spanish America, including whole villages of indigenous peoples, to court favorites, including many conquistadores. These new landlords were supposed to educate the natives and teach them the Roman Catholic faith. The system was rife with abuse, however. Landlords rarely offered much education, preferring instead to exploit the labor of the local inhabitants, whom they treated like slaves.

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The process of transferring plants, animals, foods, diseases, wealth, and culture between Europe and the Americas, beginning at the time of Christopher Columbus and continuing throughout the era of exploration and expansion.

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Colonies focused on cash crops.

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The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued by King George III on 7 October 1763. This was in accordance with the Treaty of Paris, which formally ended the Seven Years' War and hand over French territory in North America to Great Britain.