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During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a number of European immigrants arrived in the United States, driven by the desire to escape persecution and poverty in their homelands and attracted by the promise of a better life. Settling in urban areas, these immigrants often lived in close-knit communities within unsafe and unsanitary tenements buildings, striving to preserve their cultural heritage while facing challenges such as nativist attitudes and pressures from Americanization movement. This period of immigration profoundly shaped the demographic, cultural, and social landscape of the nation, highlighting the complexities of integration and enduring pursuit of the American dream.

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The expansion event, known as the Lewis and Clark Expedition, happened after President Thomas Jefferson successfully negotiated the Louisiana Purchase from France. The United States obtained the territory through the purchase from France. The United States obtained the territory through the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803.

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1845 - The U.S Senate officially adds Texas as a state

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1845 - The U.S Senate officially adds Texas as a state

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In the 1830s, American immigrants in Texas rebelled against Mexican rule, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Texas. After years of tension, Texas was annexed as a state by the US in 1845, sparking conflict with Mexico over disputed territories and ultimately leading to the Mexican-American War. This event significantly expanded US territory and furthered tension between the US and Mexico.

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1868 - Period of social & economic change. 

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1868 - Period of social & economic change. 

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During the late 1800s, influential industrialists like Vanderbilt, Carnegie, and Rockefeller drove a significant shift from agriculture to industry in the US. This period, from 1868 to 1880s, saw the rise of technologies like the Bessemer Process, dynamite, and the telephone. Industrialization transformed the US into a global industrial powerhouse, reshaping society, urbanizing communities, and laying the foundation for the modern American economy.

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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the United States experienced a major shift as African Americans, immigrants,and rural residents moved to cities due to industrialization. This urbanization period, from the 1870s to the 1900s, led to rapid city growth and population expansion. The Great Migration, between 1890 and 1910, saw about 200,000 African Americans leave South for Northern cities like New York and Chicago to escape violence and poverty. Urbanization highlighted social and economic challenges like overcrowded housing and low-wage jobs, shaping future urban policies and social reforms.

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The United States annexed Hawaii in 1898 due to the interests of American sugar growers and the government. Hawaii's fertile land, strategic Pacific location, and potential naval port were key reasons for the annexation, helping boost American power in the region and block European control. However, this move had major impacts on Hawaii's native people and the Pacific's geopolitics, marking a significant expansion of US influence.

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1914 - Panama Canal opened for business. 

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1914 - Panama Canal opened for business. 

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The Panama Canal, finished in 1914 after 10 years of work, is a top engineering feat of the 20th century. It made a big shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, helping ships travel faster and trade better globally. But building the canal and the US getting involved in Panama's break from Colombia led to tension in Latin America and showed the US wanted to control the western Hemisphere.

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1920 - States granted Women's Suffrage with the 19th Amendment. 

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1920 - States granted Women's Suffrage with the 19th Amendment. 

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The Women's Suffrage Movement fought for women's voting rights in the US, resulting in the 19th Amendment in 1920. Key figures like Susan B. Anthony was crucial; she was even arrested in 1873 for voting. Their efforts expanded democratic rights and paved the way for further civil rights progress in the US.