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Water diversion projects are large scale projects intended to physically move water from its current area to a region which requires more supply of water due to over-extraction or lack of availability using high infrastructure and technology including dams, pipes, canals and culverts .

High cost

High technological needs

Links to Technocentric EVS

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$100 simple systems, $800-20,000 complex(full installation) 

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The use of grey water is using water that is clean enough to be used again. Types of grey water are water from baths, showers and wash basins, and washing machines. This type of water can be used for toilets, or gardening, but not for drinking. It reduces both the wastewater produced and the water that needs to be abstracted. There has to be both a physical and biological treatments.

Technocentric view, technology can solve our problems.

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Name: Drip Irrigation

Description: A slow flow of water to roots of plants from a tube, saves water and improves plant productivity and quality

Cost: High

Technology: Low

EVS: Technocentric

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Involves taking water when it is abundant e.g. from rain or water run-off and then using engineering solutions, such as building diches or pumping the water directly into the ground. This method helps prevent salt-intrusion to the water and ensures that there is a sufficient supply if a deficit were to occur in the future.

Cost: the initial costs in order to build the infrastructure necessary from the process is large, but then pays off long-term.

Is energy efficient - uses sustainable sources of water.

Connects to anthropocentric view - uses environment and technology to safeguard environmental issues long-term.

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Cloud seeding is a method of enhancing precipitation by dispersing substances like silver iodide into clouds to encourage rain or snowfall.

COST - High

TECHNOLOGY - High

LINKS TO - technocentric value system

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Water conservation requires a change in attitude to water and can achieved in many ways:

Change Diet:Plant-based foods generally have lower water footprints compared to animal-based products. For instance, producing a kilogram of beef requires significantly more water than producing a kilogram of grains or vegetables.

Public Awareness Campaigns: Use of showers instead of baths.

Purchase of water efficient washing machine and dishwashers.

More efficient use of water i.e. prevent taps running unnecessarily and fixing leaks and dripping taps immediately.

Cost --> Low

Technology --> Low-High

EVS --> Anthropocentrism

Education in schools to change long term behaviour that encourages water conservation.

Economic incentives, such as:

Increasing the cost of water.

Installation of water meters which often reduces the amount of water used.

Fines for wasting water.

Cost --> Low

Technology --> Low

EVS --> Ecocentrism

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To ensure the efficient use of water, such as:

Regulations that require all new buildings to be installed with low volume flush toilets, showers and greywater systems.

Policies that promotes re-use and recycling of water in industry.

Cost - Low

Tech - Low

Value System - Anthropocentric

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It is when seawater is placed under pressure, which forces water molecules to move through a semi-permeable membrane leaving behind the salt molecules.

High cost

Low technology

EVS: Anthropocentric

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Saudi Arabia aspires to become the largest market in the Gulf Cooperation Council for treated wastewater and water reuse, a viable alternative to desalinated water in non-potable uses. Constructed wetlands (CWs), a natural wastewater treatment approach, can be a sustainable and successful co-generation solution for wastewater treatment. Contaminated water is converted into usable water using CWs.