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Central issue dividing North and South. The South's economy relied on slavery, while the North opposed its expansion.

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Southern states advocated for greater autonomy, particularly in deciding whether to allow slavery.

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The industrial North and the agrarian South had conflicting economic interests.

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The election of Abraham Lincoln, who was seen as anti-slavery, triggered Southern secession.

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South Carolina seceded in December 1860, followed by ten other Southern states.

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First shots fired, initiating the war.

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Lincoln declared all slaves in Confederate states free.

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Antietam (1862): Bloodiest single-day battle.

Gettysburg (1863): Turning point in the war.

Sherman's March to the Sea (1864): Devastating Southern resources and morale.

Surrender at Appomattox (1865): Lee surrendered to Grant, ending the war.

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13th Amendment (1865) abolished slavery.

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Efforts to rebuild the South and integrate freed slaves.

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Southern economy devastated; North became more industrialzed.

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Paved the way for civil rights movements.

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Harsh conditions, limited food, poor medical care.

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Described experiences and struggles.

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New technologies like ironclad ships and railroads used.

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Abraham Lincoln: 16th President, led the Union, issued Emancipation Proclamation.

Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederate States.

Ulysses S. Grant: Leading Union general, accepted Lee’s surrender.

Robert E. Lee: Principal military leader of the Confederacy.

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American Battlefield Trust

History.com Civil War

National Park Service Civil War

Smithsonian Civil War

Padlet Civil War Timeline​ (Padlet)​:

Padlet Posts - The Life of a Civil War Soldier​