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An ecosystem is a community of organisms that will always interact with each other and with their own physical environment. It contains living organisms and non-living elements, within a habitat forming a system. The word "eco" corresponds to life and the word "system" corresponds to the organisms/elements present among the abiotic and biotic factors.

One researcher who talks about ecosystems is Azzi Ab' Saber, a Brazilian geographer and university professor. This is an excerpt from his talk on ecosystems "[...] the greatest problem in understanding the ecosystemic complexity of Brazilian nature occurs when we are led to consider the growing expansion of agro-ecosystems and urban ecosystems over natural areas, once dominant and now, in several regions, only remnants. For these

For these reasons, studies on ecosystems in Brazil are becoming increasingly necessary and urgent, given the growing decrease in natural areas that are effectively preserved in ecological and environmental terms." (AB'SABER, 2006, p. 62). Source of excerpt: PDF - Brazilian ecosystems: degradation and potential.

(Aline Motta)

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Natural heritage refers to areas, landscapes, ecosystems and species that have intrinsic value, whether due to their ecological importance, scenic beauty, biodiversity or cultural significance. These natural resources are essential for maintaining life on Earth and for human well-being. They include national parks, nature reserves, forests, oceans, rivers, mountains and all natural environments that deserve to be preserved for present and future generations.

A renowned Brazilian researcher who talks about natural heritage is Dr. Paulo Nogueira-Neto. He was an important environmentalist and researcher dedicated to nature conservation in Brazil. Nogueira-Neto made significant contributions to the preservation of endangered species and the creation of protected areas, leaving an important legacy in the field of Brazilian natural heritage.

(Lavinia Casanova)

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For me, agroecology is a practice that has ecological principles in agriculture, which seeks to create agricultural systems that respect biological diversity and use only natural resources and not pesticides. "A Brazilian agroecology researcher is Miguel Altieri, who has dedicated himself to comprehensive research in agroecology, exploring themes such as sustainable management of agroecosystems, agricultural biodiversity, biological control of pests and the promotion of more resilient and environmentally friendly agricultural practices. His contributions include work on integrating agroforestry systems and traditional agricultural practices to increase resilience and sustainability in rural communities. And for Miguel A. Altieri, Agroecology is the science or scientific discipline that presents a series of principles, concepts and methodologies for studying, analyzing, managing, designing and evaluating agroecosystems, with the aim of enabling the implementation and development of farming styles with higher levels of sustainability." Fonte: Google.

(Davy Dias)

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Rural tourism takes place in agricultural areas, showcasing natural environments, rural communities, farms... Activities associated with rural tourism include interaction with nature, regional culinary experiences, and agricultural practices unique to the area. Typically, those seeking rural tourism are looking for tranquility, a connection with nature, and much more.

A researcher in this field is Mario Beni; he is known for his contributions to rural tourism and also emphasizes the need for an integrated and sustainable approach to its development. This involves a commitment to preserving the environment, valuing local culture, and fostering community participation. Fonte:Google

(Aghata Cavalares)

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Sustainability is the conscious use of natural resources without harming the well-being of future generations.

Aiming to strike a balance between human needs, economic development and environmental preservation.

Marcelo Menezes Morato, 24, focuses on the control and supervision of renewable microgrids based on the Brazilian sugarcane industry. Morato, who is studying for a PhD in Control and Automation Engineering at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), investigated how this industry could improve sustainability and renewable energy generation.

"What we propose is coupling these sugar cane mills - which already have a surplus of biomass (bagasse, straw, vinasse) - with sustainable energy systems such as photovoltaic panels and wind turbines," explains Morato. For him, the current Brazilian energy matrix is already quite renewable, but it is possible to maximize sustainability.

(Yuri Malta)

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Water management

It's a study with the aim of monitoring water displacement and developing sustainable water resources.

Lineu Rodrigues is a Brazilian researcher who studies water management, and he thinks that if politicians got more involved, they could make great progress in the water management sector.

This applies not only to water industries, but also to agriculture and tourism. fontes: google

Amanda Miranda

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DEFINITION/RESEARCH SOURCE:

Agrobiodiversity is basically the diversity of plant cultivation according to the interest of the person who is planting. A basic example would be the cultivation of medicinal plants in the vegetable garden set up by Marcelo's teacher at school, because according to that person's interest, there is a diversity of interest. In the article "What is agrobiodiversity?" on Embrapa's official website (www.embrapa.br), the definition is as follows:

"Agrobiodiversity is the agricultural part of biodiversity, formed by plants of interest to people, who therefore cultivate them. Agrobiodiversity is the result of thousands of years of human relationships with nature, through the practice of plant domestication and agriculture."

Agrobiodiversity includes food plants, ornamental plants, medicinal plants, plants from which we extract oils/perfumes and fibers for fabrics.

Some people also like to define agrobiodiversity as if it were the result of natural selection, for example: genetic improvement done automatically by nature. The main basis for agrobiodiversity is biological diversity for agriculture and food, but the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) adds to this definition by saying that it also has to do with ancestry and the culture of agri-food systems. The above information was taken from the following articles and websites:

1."What is agrobiodiversity?" from www.embrapa.br .

2."What is agrobiodiversity and what is it good for?" from corredorcaipira.com.br .

BRAZILIAN RESEARCHER:

Name: Maria Aldete Justiniano da Fonseca.

Website where found: www.embrapa.br .

Maria Aldete has been working at Embrapa since 2002 and is currently deputy head of research and development in the Thematic Center for the Enrichment and Conservation of Biological Diversity. With a degree in agronomy, a master's degree in agronomy (genetics and plant breeding) and a doctorate in agronomy (genetics and plant breeding), she is one of the women who carry out research and turn it into information that Embrapa uses. In her career, she has published/participated in several articles, including more than 200, and has also taken part in several important events related to this area. Here is the name of one of the works in which Maria Aldete participated: "Local conservation and use of plant agrobiodiversity", which was published in 2019 and can be found on the Embrapa website.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS:

This text is being translated by DeepL.

This research, both on Agrobiodiversity and on the researcher, is entirely the work of Ana Clara Silva Tavares, a student at the Fluminense Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology - Cambuci Advanced Campus.

Publication: 10.03.2024.

Author: Ana Clara Silva Tavares, 2nd Agroecology, IFF Cambuci.

Purpose: English assignment for teacher Rafaela Sepulveda.

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Organic food is a type of food produced without the use of pesticides, synthetic fertilizers or genetically modified organisms. The production of organic food involves sustainable agricultural practices that respect the environment, giving the ecosystem diversity. In addition, organic food is free of chemicals or preservatives, making it healthier. This food is grown in a good way that guarantees the quality of the products.

Some of the researchers who have spoken on the subject are:

José Guilherme Marinho Guerra: Focuses on agroecological systems and organic farming.

Your opinion:

Maria de Fátima Barbosa Coelho: Involved in studies on the nutritional quality of organic food. Your opinion:

My opinion on the subject is that I think it's a great idea to produce food without any kind of agrotoxins that could cause some kind of health problem not only for people, but could also cause deficiencies in the soil and end its fertility, thus damaging the environment and people's health.

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Sustainable agriculture is an approach that aims to balance agricultural production with the conservation of natural resources and social well-being. It seeks to guarantee food security for present and future generations without compromising the environment. I'll present some definitions and relevant authors:

Renato Guedes Vieites in his study entitled "Sustainable Agriculture: An Alternative to the Conventional Model" highlights sustainable agriculture as an alternative to the conventional agricultural model based on the Green Revolution. He emphasizes how alternative agriculture can contribute to food security in the future.

In short, sustainable agriculture respects the environment, is socially just and economically viable. It is fundamental to meeting the global challenges related to food and the preservation of natural resources. Fonte: Bing

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Cover crop is a planting technique in which a crop is planted in order to protect (cover) the soil and not primarily for profit. The objectives of this planting are to control erosion, fertility and soil quality, as well as water control, weeds, pests, diseases, biodiversity and wildlife in an agro-ecosystem.

One Brazilian researcher on the subject is Fernando Mendes Lamas from Embrapa, who says that cover crops are also used for "grazing, grain and seed production, silage, hay and as a supplier of straw for the no-till system. Just as important as the aerial part of cover crops are their roots. The effects of roots on agricultural productivity are still poorly recognized, although their importance in building the soil profile is known." (Ryan Araújo)

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"Organically grown" food is food grown and processed using no synthetic fertilizers or pesticides. Pesticides derived from natural sources (such as biological pesticides) may be used in producing organically grown food.

Raico

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Agroforestry is a system of agricultural production of trees, shrubs, crops and animals in a sustainable way. Agroforestry seeks to reproduce the diversity and structure of a natural forest, thereby increasing biodiversity, soil conservation, efficient water use and increasing the resilience of plantations.

Milton Padovan, who has a degree in biology, a doctorate in agronomy and a post-doctorate in agroecology, is currently a researcher at Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, in the area of Agroecology. His research involves studies and other actions involving biodiverse agroforestry systems, green manure, agroecological production arrangements and environmental services.

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Food sovereignty is a national production and distribution policy that guarantees sufficient food for all its people.

Food sovereignty emerged around 1990 with the importance of people's food autonomy.One of the great Brazilian researchers related to the movement of landless rural food workers is João Pedro Stédile, who says that Brazil needs to recover this idea of

food sovereignty

Aluno:Erick Guimarães Bruno

Fonte: Google

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Food security occurs when all people have permanent physical, social and economic access to safe, nutritious food in sufficient quantities to meet their nutritional needs and dietary preferences, thus leading to an active and healthy life, In other words, it's the fight against hunger. Bruno Nunes is doing research and developing a platform (PlaGeSSAN) with the aim of using scientific knowledge to end hunger in Brazil. According to him, "The platform will serve as a repository for all the well-founded and reliable information so that it can be disseminated. This will allow us to manage a portfolio of good practices that can be replicated in different regions of Brazil so that the population has access to healthy food in sufficient quantity, respecting cultural diversity and the basic principles of healthy eating." Basically, he started this research and created this platform so that Brazilian citizens can have access to knowledge that will contribute to a better understanding of their food and nutrition so that the quality of food and resources is more accessible to fight hunger.

(Ana Victória)

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Julia Rodrigues

Organic control is the control of the environment. In the last Ecology lessons with Professor Sylvio Botelho, we took a quick look at this. Organic control is the control of "pests" for your crop. Although this is good for the grower, it must not be done compulsively so that there is no imbalance in the environment.

Maria Cristina Tordin is an analyst at Embrapa Meio Ambiente, currently working in the General Management sector at the Organizational Communication Center. Her research CV is quite extensive considering that she has been working at the company since 1994. Take a look at some of her research: "Earth News and Agroecology". We don't have much information about his training and professionalization because it's private on his Embrapa profile. His details can be found on their website and so can his hesearsh.

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