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Charles I ruled from 1629-1640 without summoning the Parliament, many English inhabitants disagree with this decision. Puritans believed that Charles I wanted to restore the Catholic church in England.

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Charles attempted to introduce the Scots to an Anglican prayer book, while the Scots were mostly calvinist. This didn't go over well and the Scots started to riot.

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The Irish also start to riot and rebel. They want to end discrimination against Catholics and self-governance. This caused great panic in England. Charles I had finally summoned the Parliament in 1640, but now they can't agree and they begin to form 2 camps, Charles I with his cavaliers against the Parliament and its roundheads.

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The Fist Civil war has begun. Puritans sided mostly with the king, while moderate Protestants and Catholics sided with the Parliament.

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The New Model Army was formed by the Parliamentarians. This was special, because this army was actually trained and well-disciplined in contrast to the armies of the Royalists. Oliver Cromwell led the New Model Army and it would be crucial in winning the war.

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Charles I is defeated by the New Model Army at the battle of Naseby. This was a decisive victory for the Parlimentarians, because the Royalists lost over 5000 men. Charles would not be able to give any resistence now that he lost so many men.

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Charles I was imprisoned on the Isle of Wight from where he tried to influence the Scots to help him regain the throne. 

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Charles I managed to escape his captivity and won the support of the Scots by promising them religious reforms. While the Scots were on the Parliamentarian side in the First Civil War, the second time around they fight with the Royalists.

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The uprising failed. Charles I was tried and executed for high treason in January. The monarchy was abolished

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The support of the Irish and Scots for Charles II grew after the execution of Charles I. They went to battle again under Charles II this time, but still couldn't defeat the Parlementarians. At the end of this third civil war, Charles II fled to France and wouldn't be crowned king of England until 1660.

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England and Wales were no longer a monarchy. The Commonwealth of England was formed, with Cromwell as Lord Protector.

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Charles II is crowned king of England and Charles I is made a saint. The period of Restoration has begun.