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Event 1: the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 

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Event 1: the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 

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The crisis began when Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary announced that he would visit Sarajevo.

The archduke ignored the warnings of anti-Austrian unrest in Sarajevo. On june 28, 1914, he and his wife rode throught Sarajevo in an open car. As the car passed by, a conspirator named Gavrillo Princip seized his chance and fired twice into the car.

The archduke and his wife died.

-VIDEO ON THE MATTER-

When news of the assassination of Franz Ferdinand reached Vienna, the government of Emperor Francis Joseph blamed Serbia.

In Berlin, Kiser William II wrote to Francis Joseph, advicing him to take a firm stand toward Serbia.

For weeks, diplomats shuttle notes among the great powers, trying to head off a conflict. Backed by Germany, however, Austria-Hungary sent Serbia an ultimatum.

Serbia agreed to most, but not all, terms of the ultimatum. This partial refusal gave Austria the opportunity it was seeking to declare war on Serbia.

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Event 2: The Alliance System Leads to War

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Event 2: The Alliance System Leads to War

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Before the war began there were two main alliances in Europe, these were: Triple Alliance, conformed by Germany, Austria-Hungary and later Italy. The other, the Triple Entente, conformed by France, Russia, and Great Britain. After Austria’s ultimatum, Serbia did not agree to all of the terms, hence Austria declared war on Serbia. What should have been a two party war became the First World War, because of the carefully planned alliances that soon enough drew the great powers into the conflict. Serbia turned to Russia, who tried to communicate with Germany to ask them to soften Austria’s demands. The attempt failed, Russia began mobilizing their military forces for war, and in response, Germany declared war on Russia. In turn, Russia appealed to France but Germany asked for them to stay out of the conflict. When they refused, Germany declared war on France. Germany decided on a strategy to surround french forces before Russia could attack, in such, they invaded neutral Belgium. Because of this, what used to be neutral Britain came to declare war on Germany.

Overall, everyone felt their actions to be truly justified. Austria wanted to punish Serbia. Russia looked upon this as Austria’s way to oppress Slavic people. Germany had to stand with its ally Austria-Hungary, in the same way France had to support Russia. France also feared if they did not, they’d have to face Germany by themselves. Britain was committed to defend Belgium, but would join also because of their fear of Germany. The previously made Alliance System, that meant to preserve peace by in some way or another distributing the power in Europe, ended up being one of the main factors that led to the conflict to become a WORLD WAR.

-VIDEO ON THE MATTER-

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As soon as the war began, German forces fought their way through Belgium towards Paris, following the Schlieffen plan in 1905.

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Event 3.2: The first battle of The Marne

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Event 3.2: The first battle of The Marne

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In September 1914, British and French trops pushed back the German drive along the Marne river.

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Event 3.3: Stalement of the Werstern Front

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Event 3.3: Stalement of the Werstern Front

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To break the stalemate on the western front, both the allies and the central powers launched massive offensives in 1916.

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Event 4: Lusitania, the U.S Enters the War

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Event 4: Lusitania, the U.S Enters the War

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This incident ocurred as a german retaliation to a British attack. They sunk the Lusitiana, a British boat, killing almost 1200 passengers, including 128 Americans.

This, added to the US citizens supporting the Allies because of cultural ties, eventually led to the US changing their neutrality in the war.

- VIDEO ON THE MATTER -

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Final event: the War ends, the armistice

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Final event: the War ends, the armistice

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In March 1918, the Germans launched a huge ofensive on the Western Front with troops newly freed from fighting in Russia. By July, the Alies have driven back 40 miles, it was the biggest German breakthrought in three years.

The Alies launched a counter offensive, slowly driving German forces back through France and Belgium. In september, German generals told the Kaiser that the war could not be won.

German commanders advised the kaiser to step down. William II did, so in November he went to exilde in the Netherlands.

By autumn, Austria-Hungary was also reeling toward collapse. As the government in Vienna totted the subject nationalities revolted, splintering the empire of the Hapsburgs. Bulgaria and ottoman empire also asked for peace.

The new German government sought an armistice with the Allies. At 11 A.M. on November 11, 1918, the Great War at last came to an end.