# data[].attributes.body
- The system of encomienda and forced labor
- The suppression of native education and culture
- Spain's economic exploitation
- The influence of Catholicism on Filipino culture

# data[].attributes.body
- By limiting trading among the Philippines and China along with the rest of Southeast Asia, the Galleon trade monopoly drove Filipino merchants out of industry.
- The draw of the galleon trade caused business and agriculture to be ignored. The population declined and people's innate love for work disappeared through recruitment in the shipyards and forced labor on the construction of roads and buildings for little or no compensation.

# data[].attributes.body
- The Peninsulares, Insulares, and Indios social classes in the Philippines
- The Propaganda Movement's Influence
- The state of the economy and poverty among Filipinos

# data[].attributes.body
- La Solidaridad published The Indolence of the Filipino in 1890. Jose Rizal wrote this in reaction to stereotypes of Filipinos as being lazy.
- He intended to inform the Filipinos of the Spanish colonization system's corruption and inefficiencies by telling the truth.
- He authored it as a part of his continuous effort to promote education for Filipinos.

# data[].attributes.body
- There is indolence among Filipinos.
- Before addressing indolence, one must first examine its causes.
- A day's work in a temperate region is equal to an hour's work in the Philippine sun.

# data[].attributes.body
- The impact of Spanish religion and culture
- Shifts in Filipino values and identity

# data[].attributes.body
- The contribution of Rizal's writings to the revolution
- End of Spanish rule
- The formation of the Filipino identity

# data[].attributes.body
- Spanish-American War
- the Treaty of Paris

- Transition to American rule

# data[].attributes.body
- Spanish explorers and colonists were given the legal ability to compel native tribal leaders to perform forced labor under the Encomienda system in the Spanish Empire's American territories.

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2023, September 5). encomienda. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/encomienda

# data[].attributes.body
-  Spanish sailing vessel that made an annual round trip (one vessel per year) across the Pacific between Manila, in the Philippines, and Acapulco, in present Mexico, during the period 1565–1815. They were the sole means of communication between Spain and its Philippine colony and served as an economic lifeline for the Spaniards in Manila.

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2022, January 5). Manila galleon. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/Manila-galleon

# data[].attributes.body
- A Spaniard born in Spain was referred as a peninsulares, meaning born in the Spanish peninsula.
- a Spaniard born in the Philippines was referred as an insulares if in the Philippines, or a Filipino if in Spain.
- The natives were regarded as belonging to the “inferior races” and could not possibly be expected to rise beyond the limit nature had endowed them, thus indio.

Murphy, S., & Murphy, S. (2023, February 6). Peninsulares - Guampedia. Guampedia - the Online Resource About Guam. https://www.guampedia.com/peninsulares/

# data[].attributes.body
- newspaper which advocated for reform in the Spanish colony of the Philippines, and did so by promoting the more liberal viewpoints of the Filipino Propaganda Movement. The combination of Filipino exiles and recent graduates from European institutions of higher learning made up the organization.

# data[].attributes.body
- treaty concluding the Spanish-American War. It was signed by representatives of Spain and the United States in Paris on Dec. 10, 1898.

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2023, September 30). Treaty of Paris. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Paris-1898

# data[].attributes.body
Dr. Jose Rizal, a national hero of the Philippines, wrote an essay titled "Indolence of the Filipinos" in the late 19th century. In this article, Rizal condemned the alleged indolence or idleness of the Filipinos during the time of Spanish colonization. According to him, socioeconomic injustice, a lack of education, and oppressive Spanish colonial practices rather than intrinsic laziness were to blame.

The historical setting of the "Indolence of the Filipinos" and a few current affairs can be compared today. Economic exploitation, the absence of opportunities, and systematic poverty can cause oppressed communities to feel negative and apathetic in various parts of the world. More than that, variations in access to high-quality education still exist in many nations, which restricts the possibility of social and economic advancement for some groups.

The perception of ignorance or indolence among individuals is frequently connected to structural problems, unfairness, and a lack of opportunities, both in historical and modern contexts. When studying and addressing these impressions, it's crucial to take all of these factors into account.