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Democritus was a Greek philosopher known as the "laughing philosopher" due to his constant happiness. Democritus was one of the two founders of the ancient atomist theory. Democritus theory was that all material bodies are made up of extremely small atoms. This theory was rejected due to lack of evidence, but soon came to be true.

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John Dalton was an English meteorologist and chemist, born in the year 1776, Dalton is best known for "Daltons Law" Daltons Law proves that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of particles pressure of the individual glasses. This theory is important since it shows that atoms repel one another and unlike atoms appear to react indifferently.

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Ernest Rutherford was a New Zealand physicist born in 1871. Rutherford was one of the first to design experiments with high-frequency, alternating currents. Rutherford also invented a detector for electromagnetic waves, which was essential for the invention of the x-ray.

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Erwin Schrodinger was an Austrian-Irish physicist born in 1887. Schrodinger's theory was that tiny particles can be in two states at once until observed. An example of this is Schrodingers cat theory stating that if you put a cat in a sealed box with something that will eventually kill it, you will not know if the cat is dead or alive until you open the box, meaning while the box is closed the cat is both dead and alive at once. We use this theory today to explain quantum physics in an easier way.

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Joseph Thomson is a British physicist born in 1856, Thomson helped revolutionize the knowledge of atomic structure by his discovery of the electron. Thomson's research he did at Princeton University led him to the conclusion that all matter contains particles of the same kind which are less massive in which they create an atom, this is called an electron, which Thomson originally called them corpuscles.

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Neils Bohr was a Danish physicist born in 1885. Neils Bohr created the Bohr model, the most famous model of the atom which is still used to this day. In 1913 Niels Bohr created a theory for the hydrogen atom, stating electrons move around a nucleus, but only in prescribed orbits, and If electrons jump to a lower energy orbit, the difference is sent out as radiation

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https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/democritus/

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1908/rutherford/biographical/

https://builtin.com/software-engineering-perspectives/schrodingers-cat#:~:text=Schr%C3%B6dinger's%20Cat%20is%20a%20famous%20thought%20experiment%20that%20demonstrates%20the,dead%20at%20the%20same%20time.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Dalton

https://www.britannica.com/biography/J-J-Thomson

https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/profile/niels-bohr/#:~:text=He%20adapted%20Rutherford's%20nuclear%20structure,the%20structure%20of%20an%20atom.

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1922/bohr/facts/#:~:text=In%201913%2C%20Niels%20Bohr%20proposed,is%20sent%20out%20as%20radiation.

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Democritus (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

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Democritus, known in antiquity as the ‘laughing
philosopher’ because of his emphasis on the value of
‘cheerfulness,’ was one of the two founders of ancient
atomist theory. He elaborated a system originated by his teacher
Leucippus into a materialist account of the natural world. The
atomists held that there are smallest indivisible bodies from which
everything else is composed, and that these move about in an infinite
void. Of the ancient materialist accounts of the natural world which
did not rely on some kind of teleology or purpose to account for the
apparent order and regularity found in the world, atomism was the most
influential. Even its chief critic, Aristotle, praised Democritus for
arguing from sound considerations appropriate to natural
philosophy.