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Student’s book: extra readings, vocabulary reviews, grammar reviews, literature sections, grammar labs.

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Reading practice to help you understand simple texts and find specific information in everyday material. Texts include emails, invitations, personal messages, tips, notices and signs.

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Rewrite the sentences, adding defining or non-defining clauses.

1. Sarah is a teacher. She loves helping students.

2. The training program lasts two weeks. It teaches computer skills.

3. My boss is very kind. He gives great advice.

4. I work in an office. The office is near my house.

5. A good chef knows how to cook well. They also keep the kitchen clean.

6. I work in a company. The company values creativity and innovation.

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When to use the present perfect or past simple tense in English.

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Choose the past perfect or past simple tense in this free English grammar exercise.

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Arianna: Hi, what's your name?
Mitch: Mitch Keiser.

Arianna: Hi Mitch, what do you do for a living?
Mitch: I work for Pro Football Focus. I'm a college football analyst for PFF here in Cincinnati.

Arianna: What's your favorite part about your job?
Mitch: Getting to watch every college football game and then write about it later on. I write articles covering college football.

Arianna: And what's your favorite article you've written?
Mitch: I wrote an article last fall about why Michael Penix should have won the Heisman. I was pretty happy about it and then he played really well, so that's probably my favorite article.

Arianna: How many hours a week do you work?
Mitch: 40. Sometimes more in the season. Summertimes you get probably less than 40 'cuz it's off-season, and then when fall rolls around probably like 60 hours some weeks.

Full time vs Overtime
In the U.S., a standard work week is 40 hours, usually 8 hours a day, 5 days a week. If you work more than 40 hours, that's overtime, and you get paid extra. For example, if you make $10 an hour, overtime is time and a half, so for every hour worked over 40, you'd make $15.

Arianna: How much do you earn each year?
Mitch: Not enough. Not enough. I'm going to say that.

Arianna: What's the minimum you could earn if you just started out?
Mitch: Probably like 30k would be the minimum (like the lowest). I make a little more than that, but not great, you know.

There are no notes for this quiz.

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Arianna: Hi, what's your name? Mitch: Mitch Keiser. Arianna: Hi Mitch, what do you do for a living? Mitch: I work for Pro Football Focus. I'm a college football analyst for PFF here in Cincinnati. Arianna: What's your favorite part about your job?

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Watch and copy useful phrases and vocabulary.

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HOW TO DESCRIBE PICTURES LIKE A PRO ;) | tips for speaking exams | how to English

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1. Introduction

The photo/picture shows ...

It was taken by/in ...

It's a black-and-white/coloured photo.

2. What is where?

In the foreground/background you can see ...

In the foreground/background there is ...

In the middle/centre there are ...

At the top/At the bottom there is ...

On the left/right there are ...

Behind/In front of ... you can see ...

Between ... there is ...

3. Who is doing what?

Here you decribe the persons in the picture or you say what is happening just now. Use the Present Progressive.

4. What I think about the picture

It seems as if ...

The lady seems to ...

Maybe ...

I think ...

... might be a symbol of ...

The atmosphere is peaceful/depressing ...

I (don't) like the picture because ...

It makes me think of ...

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Tips and Example how to describe pictures in English

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GIVE A GENERAL INTRODUCTION e.g. 'This picture shows ...' or 'In this picture I can see...' or 'This is a picture of ...'

TALK ABOUT PLACES e.g. 'They're driving in the country/in a city/in the mountains' or 'She's sitting inside/outside a cafe' or 'I can see a street market/old building/square/ street/restaurant/beach ...'

MAKE GUESSES e.g. 'It might be summer because some people are wearing sunglasses' or 'It's probably in the country, because ...' or 'This picture could be in Northern Europe because of the buildings...'

∙ Talk in sentences - don't produce lists of items you can see

∙ Organise your description - don't describe the same thing more than once

∙ Start with a general idea of the subject of the picture before going into details

∙ Give reasons (related to the picture) for your ideas

∙ Talk about the situation as well as the physical things you can see in the picture

∙ Give some personal reaction to the picture

∙ Listen quietly when your partner describes his/her photo - don't give help or comment

NOW PRACTICE DESCRIBING THIS PHOTO, REMEMBER TO INCLUDE ALL THE INFORMATION ABOVE.

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( 2-4 minutes per candidate) *Talk about a colour photo. Watch the following presentation and describe the images you'll see.

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www.office.com

Teams

ESO4B

8h3lyhf

ESO4E

qojhvjz

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Complete your list of vocabulary with this website

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Here are our top tips for describing a photo or a picture in an exam.

Do:

Look at your picture carefully and take a few moments to think before you start talking.

Talk for all the time you are given. If you have one minute to do the task, use every second.

Practise the useful language below so you can explain which part of the picture you are talking about.

Don't:

Panic if you don't know the words for all the things in the picture. You don't need to know all the words for everything in the picture if you know what to say when you don't know an exact word.

Get distracted and start talking about something else. Focus on the photo or picture.

Panic if your mind goes blank. Take a deep breath, look at the picture and start again.

If you are asked to describe a photo or a picture in the exam, here is some language you can use:

What is in the picture?
In the picture I can see ...
There'The man is ...ing
The people are ...ing
It's raining. s / There are ...
There isn't a ... / There aren't any ... At the top/bottom of the picture ...
In the middle of the picture ...
On the left/right of the picture ...
next to
in front of
behind
near
on top of
under
Say what is happening with the present continuous
It looks like a ...
It might be a ...
He could be ...ing
Maybe it's a ...
Where in the picture?

If something isn't clear

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In some speaking exams you have to talk about photos or pictures. The video and tips below will help you to do really well in this type of speaking exam.

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Listening practice to help you understand common vocabulary and expressions in short, clear dialogues. Situations include simple explanations, introductions, messages and announcements.

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https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/passive-forms

https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=16037

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/passive-voice/passive-voice-index.htm

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/active-passive-voice/

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Lots and lots of practice exercises for the passive in English

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The Fast Fashion Problem - Behind the News

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Answer the questions:

1) Where does a lot of discarded clothes end up?

2) By 2050 global clothing sales will __________

3) What does fashionista Ijeoma Kola do now instead of buying clothes?

4) What is Patagonia´s philosophy?

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Pronunciación -ed en inglés: Past Simple | Cambridge Blog

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En este post vamos a centrarnos en aprender la correcta pronunciación ed en inglés de la terminación del past simple regular.

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Look at the pie chart and text and do the exercises to improve your writing skills.

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The cardinal numbers (one, two, three, etc.) are adjectives referring to quantity, and the ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.) refer to distribution. In this lesson you learn all about numbers in English.

EXAMPLES

There are twenty-five people in the room.

He was the fourteenth person to win the award.

Six hundred thousand people were left homeless after the earthquake.

I must have asked you twenty times to be quiet.

He went to Israel for the third time this year.

READING DECIMALS

Read decimals aloud in English by pronouncing the decimal point as "point", then read each digit individually. Money is not read this way.

READING FRACTIONS

Read fractions using the cardinal number for the numerator and the ordinal number for the denominator, making the ordinal number plural if the numerator is larger than 1. This applies to all numbers except for the number 2, which is read "half" when it is the denominator, and "halves" if there is more than one.

PRONOUNCING PERCENTAGES

Percentages are easy to read aloud in English. Just say the number and then add the word "percent".

READING SUMS OF MONEY

To read a sum of money, first read the whole number, then add the currency name. If there is a decimal, follow with the decimal pronounced as a whole number, and if coinage has a name in the currency, add that word at the end. Note that normal decimals are not read in this way. These rules only apply to currency.

PRONOUNCING MEASUREMENTS

Just read out the number, followed by the unit of measurement, which will often be abbreviated in the written form.

PRONOUNCING YEARS

Reading years in English is relatively complicated. In general, when the year is a four digit number, read the first two digits as a whole number, then the second two digits as another whole number. There are a few exceptions to this rule. Years that are within the first 100 years of a new millenium can be read as whole numbers even though they have four digits, or they can be read as two two-digit numbers. Millennia are always read as whole numbers because they would be difficult to pronounce otherwise. New centuries are read as whole numbers of hundreds. We do not use the word "thousand", at least not for reading years within the past 1000 years.

Years that have just three digits can be read as a three digit number, or as a one digit number followed by a two-digit number. Years that are a two digit number are read as a whole number. You can precede any year by the words "the year" to make your meaning clear, and this is common for two and three digit years. Years before the year 0 are followed by BC, pronounced as two letters of the alphabet.

Interestingly, these rules apply to reading street addresses as well.

HOW TO SAY 0

There are several ways to pronounce the number 0, used in different contexts. Unfortunately, usage varies between different English-speaking countries. These pronunciations apply to American English.

EXAMPLES

3.04+2.02=5.06

Three point zero four plus two point zero two makes five point zero six.

There is a 0% chance of rain.

There is a zero percent chance of rain.

The temperature is -20⁰C.

The temperature is twenty degrees below zero.

You can reach me at 0171 390 1062.

You can reach me at zero one seven one, three nine zero, one zero six two

I live at 4604 Smith Street.

I live at forty-six o four Smith Street

He became king in 1409.

He became king in fourteen o nine.

I waited until 4:05.

I waited until four o five.

The score was 4-0.

The score was four nil.

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Numbers in English | Quantifiers | English Grammar | English EFL

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The cardinal numbers (one, two, three, etc.) are adjectives referring to quantity, and the ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.) refer to distribution. In this lesson you learn all about numbers in English....

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One Minute English Video #751 What is your ideal job?

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One Minute English - Students can watch a video and take a quiz. These lessons take just a minute to do and are designed for ESL students.

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https://www. perfect-english-grammar.com/relative-clauses-exercise-1.html

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses/exercises?07

https://lingolex.com/games/taboo/

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How to use relative clauses - a Mini English Lesson

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Skills for jobs of the future - Part 1 | Globant Converge

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BBC Learning English - Course: lower intermediate / Unit 6 / Session 3 / Activity 2

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Hi, I’m Finn, with another pronunciation tip for you. Today we’re going to look at how to say regular verbs in the past simple tense. There are three ways to do this.

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What are the most valuable skills for the jobs of the future

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In the next five years, skills like 'AI and big data' and 'leadership and social influence' will emerge as high-in-demand skills. Watch the video to learn more.

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Do a 2-minute presentation describing your ideal job and your plans to get it:

Which job? Specific job title (My ideal job would be…)

Responsibilities (That job would involve… / I would be in charge of…)

Qualifications needed (To apply for this job you need… vocational studies, a university degree, languages…)

Skills and personal qualities needed (This job requires… excellent organizational skills because…)

Plans to get the job (In order to get this job I will first do… Then I will… Finally I have to…)

Why this job? (I have chosen this job because…)

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Practise ed endings by trying the quizzes on this page and the next page.

You can also download a printable version of the quizzes.

Download activities (76 K)

QUIZ 1

Instructions
Listen to what Callum did last Sunday. In particular listen to how he pronounces the'ed' endings of his regular past simple verbs.

Which group does each verb fall into - / t /, / d / or / Id / ?

Listen to the text (mp3 - 314 K)

Go to the next quiz >>

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BBC World Service | Learning English | Grammar Challenge

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Practise ed endings by trying the quizzes on this page and the next page. You can also download a printable version of the quizzes. Download activities (76 K) QUIZ 1 Instructions Listen to what Callum did last Sunday. In particular listen to how he pronounces the'ed' endings of his regular past simple verbs.

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Project - Improving our community - S.docx

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Commissioner for Children and Young People WA

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WA young people speak out - What would make your community a better place for young people?

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Detroit's youth making a difference in their community

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Are you a pre-intermediate (CEFR level A2) learner of English? Practise and improve your listening skills with these listenings and exercises.

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1-5: Introducing the Problem

1. In our city, there is too much pollution and it affect the environment a lot.

2. The street in our neighborhood is very dirty because nobody don’t clean it.

3. Many peoples has complain about the lack of public transport.

4. There is a lot of garbage on the park, and it make the place look bad.

5. The problem is that the road are in bad condition, and this is dangerous for the drivers.

6-10: Analyzing the Issue

6. The problem start some years ago, when more cars began to use this road.

7. This situation is affecting old people and children’s the most.

8. Because the lack of street lights, many accidents happens at night.

9. We interview some residents, and they said that they feel unsafe to walk at night.

10. It is important fixing this problem before it get worse.

11-15: Proposing Solutions

11. We suggest to install more trash cans so people throw garbage correctly.

12. The city should planting more trees to improve air quality.

13. If the city build a playground, children will have a safer place to play.

14. Our proposal is creating a volunteer team to help clean the parks.

15. We want to help in this project because we worries about our neighborhood.

16-20: Concluding and Call to Action

16. We hope that the City Council consider our ideas and take action soon.

17. If we all work together, we can making our town a better place.

18. Thank you for listened to our presentation.

19. We would like that the authorities take our proposal serious.

20. Let’s work together for a clean and safety community!

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Rephrasing Exercise: Active → Passive

Instructions: Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice without changing the meaning.

Example:

Active: The city council will build a new park in our neighborhood.

Passive: A new park will be built in our neighborhood by the city council.

Sentences to Rewrite:

1. People throw a lot of garbage in public spaces.

2. The local government has repaired the main road.

3. The authorities will install more streetlights next year.

4. Volunteers clean the park every weekend.

5. The school organized a campaign to collect plastic waste.

6. Residents have complained about the lack of green areas.

7. The city council is considering our proposal.

8. They should improve the public transport system.

9. The mayor will announce the new environmental plan soon.

10. Citizens must follow recycling rules to reduce pollution.

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Speaking practice to help you learn useful language for everyday communication. Situations include showing interest, talking about where you're from and talking about your job.

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Are you a pre-intermediate (CEFR level A2) learner of English? Practise your speaking with these interactive videos.

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Write an email to a friend telling him/her about your ideal job:

what job is it and why is it your ideal job?

what qualifications, skills and personal qualities are necessary?

how do you plan to get this job?

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Create a video on a person you admire. Choose from the list provided on this website.

Video length: 1.5 to 2 minutes

NO READING ALLOWED!

No editing! (2 cuts allowed)

Evaluation criteria:

Language proficiency

Logical structure

Body language and eye contact

Pronunciation, prosody, pace, volume & fluency

Task as a whole (time and content)

(rubric will be attached to the task created on Teams)

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IELTS Speaking tips | Describe a person you admire

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One Minute English Video #1018 Who do you admire?

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One Minute English - Students can watch a video and take a quiz. These lessons take just a minute to do and are designed for ESL students.

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Michelle Yang | Who is one person you admire?

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Exercises Explanation Downloads

Gerund or infinitive - verb patterns

Exercise 1

Choose the correct gerund or infinitive form for each gap below.

When to use gerund or infinitive

In the table below, you can see when to use gerund or infinitive.

Verbs that take gerund or infinitive with a change of meaning

Forget

Forget to do something: Used to talk about things that we need to do, and we forget to do them.

Forget doing something: It's normally used in negative sentences. Used to talk about memories, normally about things that we did in the past and that we will not forget.

Remember

Remember to do something: You remember first and then you do something. Used to talk about things we need to do.

Remember doing something: Used to talk about memories. We remember things from the past.

Try

Try to do something: When we try to do something, we make an effort to achieve something that maybe we will or will not accomplish.

Try doing something: Used when we want to achieve something and try something as an experiment to see if it help us achieve what we want. We try a method (one of the many we could try) in order to achieve something.

Stop

Stop to do something: Used when we stop doing an activity so as to start doing a different one.

Stop doing something: It means to finish doing something that we are doing.

Need

Need to do something: It's necessary to do something

Something needs doing: It has a passive meaning. It means that something needs to be done.

Your car needs cleaning. (=Your car needs to be cleaned.)

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Gerund or infinitive - verb patterns - Test-English

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Gerund or infinitive. Verb patterns. Upper-intermediate English grammar. The use of gerunds or infinitives after certain nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.

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When we use two verbs together, the second verb usually changes its form to either a gerund or an infinitive. Gerunds and infinitives combine the meaning of a verb with the grammar of a noun.

Sunny said: I really, really like travelling - here, the verb like is followed by a gerund: travelling.

Sunny also said she decided to study drama - the verb decided here is followed by an infinitive: to study.

Gerunds are made by changing a verb to an -ing form.

Infinitives are made of to + the base form of the verb.

But we need to learn which form comes after each verb. Some verbs can only be followed by a gerund, and some only by an infinitive. Others can be followed by either. See how many you already know in the next activity.

Are these verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives?

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BBC Learning English - Course: lower intermediate / Unit 10 / Session 2 / Activity 1

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When we use two verbs together, the second verb usually changes its form to either a gerund or an infinitive. Gerunds and infinitives combine the meaning of a verb with the grammar of a noun. Sunny said: I really, really like travelling - here, the verb like is followed by a gerund: travelling.

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Help me find a job!

Meet Sunny. She's a vlogger from China. What's a vlogger? It's a video blogger, someone who makes... video blogs! Are there famous vloggers in your country?

Sunny is looking for a job. But she's having problems finding the right job for her.

Let's have a look at her vlog. While you watch, try to catch the answers to these questions.

1) What subject did she study at university?

2) Which musical instrument does she play?

3) Which sport does she dislike?

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BBC Learning English - Course: lower intermediate / Unit 10 / Session 1 / Activity 1

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Meet Sunny. She's a vlogger from China. What's a vlogger? It's a video blogger, someone who makes... video blogs! Are there famous vloggers in your country? Sunny is looking for a job. But she's having problems finding the right job for her. Let's have a look at her vlog.

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Look at these examples to see how these verb patterns work.

The bus stopped picking up the children.
The bus stopped to pick up the children. I want to try studying with a friend to see if it helps us stay more motivated.
I'm trying to study but it's impossible with all this noise.

Try this exercise to test your grammar.

Grammar test 1

Verbs followed by '-ing' or by 'to' + infinitive 2: Grammar test 1

Read the explanation to learn more.

Grammar explanation

Some verbs have a different meaning depending on whether they are followed by an - ing form or to + infinitive.

Stop + - ing means the action is not happening any more.

I've stopped buying the newspaper because now I read the news online.

Stop + to + infinitive means that someone or something stops an activity so that they can do something else.

He stopped the video to ask the students some questions.

Try + - ing means that you are trying something as an experiment, especially as a possible solution to a problem, to see if it works or not.

Have you tried turning the computer off and on again?

Try + to + infinitive means that something is difficult but you are making an effort to do it.

I'm trying to learn Japanese but it's very difficult.

Remember + - ing and forget + - ing refer to having (or not having) a memory of something in the past.

I remember watching this film before.
I'll neverforget meeting you for the first time in this café.

Remember + to + infinitive and forget + to + infinitive refer to recalling (or not recalling) that there is something we need to do before we do it.

Please remember to buy some milk on the way home.
Heforgot to lock the door when he went out.

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.

Grammar test 2

Verbs followed by '-ing' or by 'to' + infinitive 2: Grammar test 2

Language level

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Verbs followed by '-ing' or infinitive to change meaning

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Do you know the difference between stop doing something and stop to do something? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

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Must/mustn't, have to/don't have to - Form

Have to

Have to is NOT a modal verb. We need do/does/did to make negatives and questions in present and past.

We can use have to in all the verb forms (present, past and perfect tenses, gerund, to infinitive, etc.)

It is used to describe an obligation, a rule, something that is necessary.

Have got to

In spoken informal English, you can often use 've got to instead of have to.

Must

Must is a modal verb and it has a present form, which can be used to talk about the present or the future. The negative form is must not or mustn't and the question is must I, must you, etc.

It is used to describe something that the speaker thinks is necessary to do.

We can also use must to express strong advice.

Must/mustn't, have to/don't have to - Use

Must only has a present form, so for all other verb forms (past, future, perfect forms, infinitive, etc.) we need to use have to.

We normally use have to for questions. Questions with must are not common.

Regarding the meaning, sometimes there is little difference between have to and must.

But we normally use have to when there's an external obligation, and must when the obligation comes from the opinion of the speaker.

Mustn't or Don't have to?

Don't have to and mustn't have opposite meanings. We use don't have to when we don't need to do something, when there's no obligation; and we use mustn't to talk about prohibition, when there is obligation not to do something.

If you don't have to do something, it means that you can do it if you want, but you don't need to do it.

Can't/be not allowed to = mustn't

We can use can't or be not allowed to instead of mustn't.

You mustn't smoke in this area. = You are not allowed to/can't smoke in this area.

Children mustn't eat chewing gum. = Children can't/are not allowed to eat chewing gum.

Should, shouldn't

Should is used to give advice or an opinion about what we think is right or wrong.

I think schools shouldn't offer soft drinks to their students.

Should is not as strong as must or have to.

Ought to/ought not to = should/shouldn't

Ought to has the same meaning as should, although it is more formal and not as common.

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Have to, must, should – obligation, prohibition, necessity, advice - Test-English

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Have to, must, should – obligation, prohibition, necessity, advice. English intermediate grammar exercises. Modal verbs. Be supposed to, be allowed to, etc.

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Can, could, be able to – ability and possibility - Test-English

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Can, could, be able to – ability and possibility. English grammar exercises. Intermediate grammar exercises. Modal verbs.

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Clauses of contrast, purpose and reason - Grammar chart

Clauses of contrast

Although, even though

We can use although/ even though at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence followed by a clause (subject + verb). We NEVER use a comma after although or even though.

However

We use however to connect two different sentences. We normally use however after a full stop (.) or a semi-colon (;). However should ALWAYS be followed by a comma.

Despite/in spite of

Despite and in spite of are normally followed by a noun or a - ing verb. They can go at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.

We can use a clause (subject + verb) after despite/ in spite of + the fact that.

Clauses of purpose

To + infinitive

The most common way to express purpose in English is to + infinitive.

In order to/so as to + infinitive

In order to or so as to + infinitive are more common in formal English, mainly in writing. The negative forms are in order not to and so as not to + infinitive.

So that + clause

We can also use so that + subject + verb to express purpose. We normally use a modal verb with this connector. ( could, can, would, etc.)

For + noun

We can also use for + noun to express purpose.

Clauses of reason

When we want to explain the reason why something happened or why someone did something, we use a clause of reason introduced by a conjunction ( as, since, because) or a noun phrase introduced by because of or due to.

Because

We use because before a clause (subject + verb). It can be used at the beginning or at the end of a sentence (at the end is more common). A comma is used when the clause of reason is at the beginning of the sentence.

As/since

We use as and since in a very similar way to because. They are followed by subject + verb and can be used at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. However, as and since are more formal expressions, and more common in written than in spoken English.

Because of

We use because of before a noun.

Due to

Due to means 'because of' although it is more formal. We also use due to before a noun.

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Clauses of contrast, purpose and reason - Test-English

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Clauses of contrast, purpose and reason. B1. Intermediate English grammar exercises. However, although, despite, in spite of, in order to, so as to, etc.

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Combine the two sentences using the connector in bold. Make the necessary changes. Pay attention to punctuation.

1. He studied hard. He passed all his exams. (as a result)

2. The road was closed. There was an accident. (because of)

3. She left the window open. She wanted fresh air. (in order to)

4. I was tired. I had been working all day. (because)

5. The shop was closed. We couldn’t buy any groceries. (therefore)

6. You must wear a helmet. You can enter the construction site. (so that)

7. The restaurant serves excellent food. The service is also very friendly. (in addition)

8. We forgot to charge the camera. We couldn’t take any photos. (for this reason)

9. Renewable energy is growing fast. Spain, for example, uses a lot of solar energy. (for instance)

10. He trains every morning. He wants to become a professional athlete. (to)

11. The concert was delayed. There were technical problems. (due to)

Answer Key – Rephrased Sentences with Connectors

1. He studied hard; as a result, he passed all his exams.

2. The road was closed because of an accident.

3. She left the window open in order to get fresh air.

4. I was tired because I had been working all day.

5. The shop was closed; therefore, we couldn’t buy any groceries.

6. You must wear a helmet so that you can enter the construction site.

7. The restaurant serves excellent food. In addition, the service is very friendly.

8. We forgot to charge the camera. For this reason, we couldn’t take any photos.

9. Renewable energy is growing fast. For instance, Spain uses a lot of solar energy.

10. He trains every morning to become a professional athlete.

11. The concert was delayed due to technical problems.