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The biosphere is the 20km stretch between the peak of mount Everest and the bottom of the Mariana trench. It contains all the life on Earth.

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A biotic feature is something that is alive and needs oxygen to live, such as a koala. An Abiotic feature is something that does not require oxygen and is not alive like a rock.

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Photosynthesis is the way that plants convert light energy into chemical energy through specialised cells called chloroplasts. This chemical energy is then passed through multiple organisms and creates the food chain. Photosynthesis is important because it begins the food chain by introducing energy into an environment by converting it from light energy from the sun to chemical energy.

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A food chain shows one direct path of energy transfer from one organism to another whereas the food web shows the transfer of energy through a multitude of different organisms.

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Biotic: Possum, Moss, Leaves, Snow gums, lichen.

Abiotic: Dirt, Water, Oxygen, boardwalk, sand.

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Ecosystem: Local Area around Koo Wee Rup

Producer: Lilly Pilly tree. --->

Primary consumer: Brown Bandicoot --->

Secondary Consumer: Tiger Snake --->

Tertiary consumer: Wedge tailed eagle --->

Decomposer: Bacteria (back to top) ^

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Succession is when the outdoor environments are recovering from a natural disaster. During secondary succession, the order of organisms that will appear is first, (lichen, moss and small wildflowers), second,(shrubs, understory grasses and other small plants), third, (trees eg gums and ashes) and finally there is the peak/climax canopy, with big gum trees and other trees.

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El Nino and La Nina is the phenomenon where the warmer water moves closer to or further from Australia. This in turn influences the temperature and amount of rainfall in Australia. When the warm water is closer to Australia, the amount of evaporation increases and the amount of rainfall also increases. When the colder water is closer to the Australian coast, the temperature of the water and the air are similar, leading to lower amounts of evaporation, and less rainfall. See hardcopy diagram.

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Migration: Animals move great distances to follow the seasonal changes and/or food. Often, animals go to warmer areas to breed or raise their young. For example Mutton Birds migrate thousands of kilometres across the ocean to the warmer waters near the American coast.

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Skiing at Mount Buller

I identified the human changes of man made snow and ski lifts. Man made snow is snow that is made in large machines and projected onto the slopes to increase snow cover. the ski lift is a power pole looking contraption that has chairs attached to a cable that goes up the slope. The artificial snow influenced my experience because I was able to ski without hitting grass patches and other obstacles. The ski lift influenced my experience by allowing me to ride up the hill faster to get more runs in for the day.

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The Boonworrung People of the Kulin Nation.

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The Bunworung people have the perspective of the land as mother, where the see the land as their carer and do their best to look after it.

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Cultural Burning:

In the past, cultural burning was done for hunting to flush out animals and also to manage the land. It was done by lighting fires in a strategic checkerboard pattern to burn parts of the landscape and leave the other parts for animals. Today, we still do controlled burns (albeit inefficiently and not often enough) in order to reduce the fuel load and allow the native plants' seeds to germinate thanks to the heat of the flames. Today, a helicopter drops the flames in the desired area, which is a much less controlled method that the past but is still nonetheless effective.

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Marine Deckhand:

A marine deckhand works on a boat and helps manage the deck of the boat. They often work with anchors, fishing gear and much more equipment. Their perspective on the outdoors is as a resource, was they are often taking fish and other seafood for consumption and using it to gain money and employment. Technically, there are no prerequisites for this job. However, spots are limited and having experience on watercrafts and boats in the past is very important to get selected for this job. If you don't have it already, you will be trained in marine safety certificates.

Ski Instructor:

A ski instructor teaches people how to ski and improve their technique on skiing. They often teach people of all ages, shapes, sizes, genders ect. They see the outdoors as a gymnasium and this is because they are constantly honing their skills in the snow and teaching others. Prerequisites for this job are a working with children check (if applicable) and experience skiing.

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An ideal layering setup for the snow consists of three layers. The first layer is the thermal layer, and this layer is used to wick away moisture. The second layer is the insulation layer. It consists of a warm jumper (ideally polar fleece), and it's purpose is to keep the person warm. the final layer is a shell layer. This layer is a waterproof layer (ideally made of gore-tex) and stops the person from getting wet and therefore cold. Also, thick socks help keep the feet warm and gloves keep the hands warm. A beanie and neck warmer is also beneficial but not required.

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It is important to understand the snow environment. If you didn't understand how cold the temperatures can get or how quickly white out conditions can set in, when you could get hypothermia and also get lost. For example while skiing at mount buller, white out conditions set in. Since I understood what was going on I was able to don my neck warmer and be able to ride the lifts and ski without getting dangerously cold.

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Left image: Blue Bird Day

Right image: Whiteout conditions.

The risks of a blue bird day are sunburn and even heatstroke, as people are often expecting extreme cold and are surprised by the sun. The snow reflects sunlight, which also increases the amount of UV rays that a person is being hit by and increases the likely hood of sunburn. To mitigate these risks, use effective layering and take off layers if needed, and be sure to apply ample amounts of sunscreen. The dangers of White out Conditions are reduced visibility, sudden temperature drops and getting lost. Other skiiers and snowboarders are barely visible through the darkness and this can lead to an increased frequency of crashes. The colder temperatures can cause hypothermia if the person is caught unaware by the sudden cold. As the visibility is so low, it is much easier to get lost in the Whiteout conditions. To mitigate these risks, move slower down the runs and follow the lift/ask a liftie for directions to get lost. Also, use effective layers to keep warm and insulated against the cold.

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My incident is that my friend has hypothermia.

1. The cause of the incident is likely due to the lack of layering that said friend is using or the friend getting wet and cold.

2. Get any wet clothes off the person and then (if available) put dry clothes on them. If possible, wrap them in a rescue blanket and give them a hot drink. Find shelter and call for help from an Adult or ski patrol.

3. Understanding how quickly the conditions can change and how important layering is in keeping the body at a decent temperature allows you to adjust the amount of layers you have on to regulate your temperature. Bringing along a rescue blanket can also allow you to warm someone up.