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Our group has planned the sharing session, we set a deadline for finding resources, then we sent our article to our group padlet to make sure there is no duplicate sources. Then we scheduled a group meeting and we decided to use an online platform to share our reading. Additionally, we needed to prepare a PowerPoint to present to our group mate.

The conference featured a rich array of content spanning multiple dimensions, including the relationship between human development and AI, strategic management and AI applications at the corporate level, and digital learning and personalized instruction in education. For instance, in analyzing How Digital Innovation Will Shape Future Mobility, LUO YAWEN noted that while the article proposed recommendations such as public-private collaboration and data sharing, it overlooked practical risks like conflicts of interest, funding investment, and privacy security, suggesting its perspective leaned toward idealism. ZHUO JIANCHENG, discussing AI’s transformation of strategic management, emphasized that AI cannot replace human logical reasoning and interpretive capabilities. Strategists must master digital technologies while integrating practical experience with reflective analysis.

Issues encountered during the group’s online discussions, such as participants sharing only two articles each and receiving minimal interaction or questions afterward, may indicate that some attendees were distracted or disengaged during others’ presentations. Alternatively, it could suggest that the shared articles failed to capture their interest, resulting in reduced engagement during the Q&A session.

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Change/Reset Password | Personal Information Collection Statement

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Cause: 1. The prices of various global energy sources have soared, including oil, natural gas and coal. The tight supply has plunged the world into "the first truly global energy crisis". 2. The direct trigger of the Russo-Ukrainian War led to the disruption of natural gas supply and the turmoil of the oil market， causing the energy supply chains of many countries to break. 3. The insufficient economic investment in renewable energy globally has led to the lag in the construction of renewable energy infrastructure (such as power grids, energy storage systems) compared to the withdrawal speed of traditional energy, resulting in an imbalance between energy supply and demand.

Effect: 1. Over 140 million people worldwide have fallen into energy poverty. 30 countries have witnessed protests due to energy shortages. Vulnerable groups in developing countries have been forced to use traditional biomass fuels, leading to a decline in air quality. 2. The soaring energy prices directly pushed up production costs, triggering global inflation. 3. The energy crisis may become a turning point to accelerate the development of renewable energy and form a sustainable and secure energy system.

Soures:

https://www.weforum.org/stories/2022/10/world-is-in-its-first-truly-global-energy-crisis-ieas-birol/

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This article is published in collaboration with

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World is in its ‘first truly global energy crisis’ – IEA’s Birol

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Tightening supplies of LNG and oil have put the world in the middle of ‘the first truly global energy crisis’, says IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol.

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Cause: 1. In response to global climate governance requirements, renewable energy has received high attention and support worldwide. Replacing high-carbon energy with clean energy to achieve emission reduction is crucial for global climate goals. 2. Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power have become the lowest-cost options for new power generation. Many countries rely on expensive fossil fuel imports, making their energy supply limited and costly. 3. There are still about several million people without electricity globally, and there is an urgent need to develop renewable energy to provide power supply for areas with electricity shortages.

Effect: 1. Replacing high-carbon energy sources such as coal and electricity can significantly reduce greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions, contributing to global climate goals and improving local air quality. 2. Providing basic electricity to millions of people without access to power can fundamentally improve their quality of life and educational and medical conditions. 3. The development of renewable energy can reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, decrease the risk of energy price fluctuations, and alleviate fiscal pressure, which can change the global energy trade pattern and geopolitical relations.

Sourse:

https://intelligence.weforum.org/topics/a1GTG000000STYX2A4

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For all emerging economies, clean energy could bolster energy security, reduce reliance on fossil fuel, and help them meet their sustainable economic development and climate targets.

Current levels of investment in emerging regions are too low to finance the transformations of energy systems.

The World Economic Forum is accelerating global action proposals to advance country-specific solutions that overcome financing and risk challenges.

The impact of unlocking renewable energy finance.

Our climate future largely depends on whether Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs) can successfully transition to cleaner energy systems. For these countries, accelerating the deployment of renewable energy can be a significant opportunity to bolster their energy security, reduce reliance on fossil fuel, and meet their net-zero targets. Despite this opportunity, only one-fifth of global clean energy investments is taking place in EMDEs.

To help encourage investment in clean energy projects in EMDEs, since 2021, the World Economic Forum's Mobilizing Investment for Clean Energy in Emerging Economies initiative has engaged hundreds of public and private sector stakeholders through in-depth studies of seven countries (Brazil, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria and South Africa) to identify the highest risks and greatest challenges to clean energy investments. Working groups have since provided country-specific regulatory and policy recommendations, as well as non-policy solutions to scale clean energy finance.

At the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2024, the initiative launched the Network to Mobilize Clean Energy Investment in EMDEs. The network serves as a unique platform for emerging economies to quantify their clean energy finance needs and share best practices to create a conducive environment for finance. In its first year of existence, the Network has surfaced more than 100 concrete policy measures, de-risking tools and finance mechanisms having shown success in catalyzing clean energy capital in EMDE contexts. These practices were compiled in the Playbook of Solutions, a novel digital platform that aims to inspire governments, development finance institutions, and private sector energy and finance players as they approach the structuring of energy transition projects in EMDEs.

"The network will play a crucial role in bringing together public and private players to pinpoint investment needs, breaking down barriers, and unlocking practical solutions for a just, equitable and sustainable energy transition in the Global South."

-Rania A-Mashat, Minister of International Cooperation, Egypt
- Rania A-Mashat, Minister of International Cooperation, Egypt
What's the challenge with clean energy projects?

Current levels of investment in cleaner energy systems in EMDEs remain largely insufficient. By early 2030s, investment needs to triple (from $770 billion to $2.2-8 trillion) to meet the Global South's growing energy demands in a just, equitable and sustainable way, and stay in line with the Paris Agreement.

While global renewable energy investment is abundant, only one fifth is being allocated to EMDEs (excluding China), leaving the world at risk of falling short of climate and development targets - failing to propel a fair global energy transition.

Attracting finance to EMDEs hinges on addressing cross-cutting factors that hinder investment. Increased levels of risks - whether real or perceived - and uncertainties in policy and regulatory frameworks can deter investors from working with developing countries, where the cost of capital is up to seven times higher than that of developed nations. Yet, avoiding a tonne of CO₂ emissions in EMDEs costs about half as much as it does in advanced economies, further reinforcing the urgency to shift the world's attention and capital to the Global South.

Unlocking renewable finance: Case studies.

Accelerating the clean energy transition is imperative to address the climate emergency, but current investment levels remain far below the scale and pace of change needed. Unlocking this financing today is not only a key first step towards a secure and equitable energy system tomorrow, but represents a clear opportunity for businesses, as emerging economies account for the lion's share of the global population.

-Roberto Bocca, Head of the World Economic Forum's Centre for Energy and Materials
- Roberto Bocca, Head of the World Economic Forum's Centre for Energy and Materials
In Malaysia, a working group of more than 50 public-private stakeholders developed four key solutions being implemented on the ground to facilitate clean energy finance. These include Malaysia's first large-scale Renewable Energy Zone and the first national Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Hub.

In South Africa, Forum partners worked with the public sector to propose a series of four recommendations improving the regulatory and policy environment for clean energy finance. The working group went on to propose five concrete solutions which are now being implemented locally. These include the creation of a new credit guarantee facility for Small Scale Embedded Generation, the launch of clean finance awareness programmes for the financial sector or the piloting of a new working capital credit facility for solar projects.

"Mobilizing investment for the energy transition is now more urgent. It is time for us to shift the narrative surrounding the financing of clean energy in the Global South from an aid case to a viable investment opportunity, without which we will not reach global net zero."

-Samaila Zubairu, President and CEO, Africa Finance Corporation
- Samaila Zubairu, President and CEO, Africa Finance Corporation
Following the convening of a similar working group in Colombi a, steps are now being taken to strengthen the business case and coordination surrounding investment in transmission and distribution. Forum partners - in partnership with the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME), the Ministry of Finance and Ecopetrol - proposed four non-policy solutions to catalyze finance in the country's energy transition, including the mainstreaming of a social cooperation model for renewable energy projects lowering social acceptance risks, as well as the implementation of a new clean hydrogen lending facility in the country.

In Indonesia, an accelerator programme raised the profile of six clean energy projects aligned with national clean energy priorities. These include a new solar and battery initiative bringing 15MW of clean energy to the East Sumba region - enough to power approximately 4,000 homes and avoid 5.5KtCO₂ yearly emissions. The work also uncovered six policy and regulatory aspects that, if addressed, would help unlock Indonesia's clean energy future.

In Brazil, 98% of the population has access to electricity but a large portion of the country in the north and northeast is not connected to the grid. Communities in these regions either have no access to electricity or use fossil-based electricity including diesel-powered generators. Stakeholders are exploring the creation of an accelerator platform to finance hybrid updates to isolated energy systems that are not yet connected to the grid.

How can you get involved in accelerating financing for clean energy projects?

If you are interested in getting involved, please contact us.

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Unlocking renewable energy future in emerging markets

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The World Economic Forum is working with its partners to explore solutions to unlock capital for renewable energy investments in developing economies.

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Cause: Millions of people die prematurely from air pollution every year.  Air pollutant can cause harm to people in three key ways - Direct exposure, Formation of particulate matter, Formation of ozone. It affects health through one or several pathways.

Effect: Reducing air pollution come with large health benefits. Energy transition: Promote renewable energy, ensure global access to modern energy, and simultaneously reduce multiple pollutants. Agricultural adjustment: Reduce consumption of beef and lamb, shift to a plant-based diet, and lower methane and ammonia emissions.

Source:

https://ourworldindata.org/air-pollution-sources

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Air pollution kills millions every year — where does it come from?

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A breakdown of the sources of many air pollutants that damage our health and ecosystems.

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Cause: Chatbots can become capable of more sustained and detailed interactions with user, this poses safety risks to teenager. There are cases provide this specifically with conversations involving sexual topics or self-harm.  To significantly change how ChatGPT interacts with users under the age of 18 is necessary.

Effect: Regulating the use of safety for minors. Content interaction restrictions: Prohibition of 'flirting dialogue' with users under 18 years old. If suicide scenarios related to minors are mentioned, the system will activate intervention mechanisms. Usage time control: Parents can set 'blackout hours' permissions to restrict minors from using ChatGPT during specific periods. Forming a trend of industry-wide safety control.

Source:

https://techcrunch.com/2025/09/16/openai-will-apply-new-restrictions-to-chatgpt-users-under-18/

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OpenAI will apply new restrictions to ChatGPT users under 18 | TechCrunch

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Under the new policy, ChatGPT will be trained to no longer engage in “flirtatious talk” with underage users, and additional guardrails will be placed around discussions of suicide.

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Cause: Advances in social and economic development as well as in health have lowered mortality rates, particularly among older people, meaning most people can now expect to live into their sixties and beyond. At the same time, factors such as urbanization, higher education and access to family planning have led to smaller family sizes and fewer births, resulting in fewer children in many countries.

Effect: 1. Uneven distribution of social resources requires increased investment in certain public facilities, which impacts government public finance expenditures. 2. As these expenditures grow, especially in healthcare and social security, the welfare pension system faces sustainability issues. The extension of pension periods, without matching increases in working life or pension contributions, results in lower replacement rates. 3. Consequently, older workers remain in the workforce longer, but with generally lower human capital, leading to reduced labor productivity.

Sources: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/population-ageing

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_ageing#Social_policies_and_intervention

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The ageing of the world's populations is the result of the continued decline in fertility rates and increased life expectancy. This demographic change has resulted in increasing numbers and proportions of people who are over 60. As a result, the first time in history when there will be more older people than younger people is rapidly approaching.

WHO is working on three areas with a direct impact on ageing:

prevention of chronic disease;

access to age-friendly primary health care;

creation of age-friendly environments.

WHO has developed guidelines that help countries to understand the types of programmes they can put in place to improve healthcare settings and cities so they are better suited to the needs of older people. WHO supports networks where countries can share technical information, discuss strategies and policies that have worked in their country to improve the lives of older people.

To increase our understanding of the health implications of ageing, particularly in less developed countries, WHO is undertaking the Study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE). This longitudinal follow-up of approximately 50 000 older adults is being carried out in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation and South Africa. The study links a related international network of health and demographic surveillance: the Demographic evaluation of populations and their health (INDEPTH). Comparisons with similar studies in high income countries will provide opportunities to understand similarities and differences in the health and well being of older adults globally.

Older persons work in a paid or unpaid capacity, care for family members and friends, and carry out after-retirement work in organizations and associations. They pass their experiences onto younger generations and by doing so, they help them strengthen their capacities. A high percentage of older people care for their grandchildren or other relatives and friends regularly and thus, in case of grandchildren, are supporting their children. In Africa, for example, family support of grandparents plays a particularly important role supporting children, as the parent's generation has been strongly impacted by the effects of HIV/AIDS.

Related link
Ageing health topic

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The ageing of the world's populations is the result of the continued decline in fertility rates and increased life expectancy. This demographic change has resulted in increasing numbers and proportions of people who are over 60. As a result, the first time in history when there will be more older people than younger people is rapidly approaching.

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Cause: The global manufacturing sector continues to suffer from labor shortages according to the International Labour Organisation (ILO). One of the main drivers is demographic change, which is already burdening labor markets in leading economies such as the United States, Japan, China, the Republic of Korea, or Germany.

Effect: The use of robotics significantly reduces the impact of labor shortages in manufacturing. Robots perform tedious tasks such as visual quality inspection, hazardous painting or heavy lifting. Technological innovations in robotics such as ease of use, collaborative robots or mobile manipulators help to fill gaps when and where needed.

Source: https://ifr.org/ifr-press-releases/news/top-5-global-robotics-trends-2025

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IFR International Federation of Robotics

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IFR International Federation of Robotics

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The global market value of industrial robot installations has reached an all-time high of US$ 16.5 billion. Future demand will be driven by a number of technological innovations, market forces and new fields of business. The International Federation of Robotics reports on the top 5 trends for the robotics industry for 2025.

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Cause: marine ecosystems face dangers that put this value at risk, like climate change, ocean warming,increased acidification, oxygen depletion, pollution, overfishing, and illegal fishing.

Effect: The Ocean is a critically important source of nutritious food, income,inspiration, and stability.The United Nations has estimated that trade in ocean-based goods and services is worth at least $2.5 trillion annually, equal to about 3% of global GDP. Therefore, changes in the ocean have a significant impact on human production activities

Source:

https://intelligence.weforum.org/topics/a1Gb0000000LGk6EAG

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Strategic Intelligence | World Economic Forum

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Strategic insights and contextual intelligence from the World Economic Forum. Explore and monitor the issues and forces driving transformational change across economies, industries and systems.

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Cause: Due to the rapid growth of technology, the widespread use of XR can make people’s lives more convenient in various areas.

Effect: XR technology can be used in various areas, such as entertainment, education, shopping, and social interaction. Instead of visiting places in real life, nearly everything can be provided through XR devices.

Source:

https://www.stellarcapacity.com/post/the-future-of-xr-key-trends-shaping-digital-reality-in-2025

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The Future of XR: Key Trends Shaping Digital Reality in 2025

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Something remarkable is happening in the world of technology. At a recent XR Summit in the Bay Area co-hosted by Vinnova (the Swedish Innovation Fund) and Ericsson, industry leaders from tech giants like Nvidia and Qualcomm gathered to share their vision of the future. Their message was clear: the convergence of Extended Reality (XR) and artificial intelligence isn’t just changing how we interact with digital content – it’s redefining what’s possible. As these companies push the boundaries of in

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Cause: There are more and more plastic products in the world, and more than 60% of plastic products are poorly handled or managed, resulting in their leakage into the environment in various forms, and their microplastics molecules(plastic fragments smaller than 5mm) cannot be effectively treated.

Effect: The increasing amount of plastic products and poor handling or management in the world have led to its leakage into the environment in various forms, posing a serious threat to human health and the ecology.

Source:

https://intelligence.weforum.org/topics/a1G0X0000057NQgUAM

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Strategic Intelligence | World Economic Forum

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Strategic insights and contextual intelligence from the World Economic Forum. Explore and monitor the issues and forces driving transformational change across economies, industries and systems.

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Online group sharing meeting (Group-D)

Date: Sept 25th, 2025

Time: 09:30-11:30

Platform: Zoom

Link: https://eduhk.zoom.us/j/93235058975?pwd=t0sDgEwB2ndGn2hA7C32IeQWTn3bFQ.1

Chair：Luo Yawen

Participants: Wong Leung Yu, Zhou Wen, Zhou Yang, Zhuo Jiancheng

Meeting Objectives:

1. Each member of the group shared their introduction and personal thoughts on two readings.

2. After listening to the sharing within the group, conducted Q&A and summary discussions.

Summary and Follow-up:

After the sharing , group members provided additional comments on the individual presentations. The Chair summarized the whole meeting. In the end, upload the meeting video records to Padlet and Personal E-Portfolio.

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会议形式：zoom线上会议

会议时间：2025年9月25日 09:30-12:30

Zoom会议链接：

https://eduhk.zoom.us/j/93235058975?pwd=t0sDgEwB2ndGn2hA7C32IeQWTn3bFQ.1

会议号: 932 3505 8975

密码: 816288

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Cause: Most of the known resources on the earth have been divided or occupied.

Effect: Space technology addresses earthly issues like climate change and connectivity. It also opens new frontiers for resource extraction and scientific discovery, driving international collaboration and competition.

Source:

https://www.pwc.com/us/en/industries/industrial-products/library/space-industry-trends.html

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Discover how innovation, policy and infrastructure are shaping the next phase of the space economy—and what it means for business strategy.

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組長：羅雅文

組員：周雯、周揚、卓建成、黃良榆