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Jones , H. (2020, June 25). Behind the Cover: What is owed. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/25/magazine/behind-the-cover-what-is-owed.html?searchResultPosition=3

Summary: This article is my main inspiration behind, choosing to write about reparations. Hannah Jones really dives into the history of segregation, end slavery describing all the horrible things African-American people have had to endure throughout history and some of which are still enduring till this day. Jones states many times that it is our duty as a country to repay for the wrongdoings towards people of color specifically African-Americans.

How I will use this source: I will be using quotes from the source as well as just general inspiration for the approach I will take in my writing when it comes to this topic. I will take take it vantage of the passion in Hannah Jones’s writing and transfer that same passion to mine so that the readers will feel inclined to listen to the message I have.

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Racial inequities in housing. (n.d.). Opportunity Starts at Home. Retrieved December 9, 2022, from https://www.opportunityhome.org/resources/racial-equity-housing/

Summary: This source talks about racial red-lining and inequality in the housing market. Pie charts are also provided to visually show the blatant housing segregation. The article also discusses how due to African-Americans being pushed into certain districts they are exposed to toxic waste and high chemical levels, which was shown to cause health problems.

How I will use this source: I will also use this source for quotes because it will support one of my main points, which is a housing segregation and red lining. This article will also be helpful to show some statistics, which will back my points up even stronger.

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Ray, R., & Perry, A. M. (2020, April 15). Why we need reparations for Black Americans. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/policy2020/bigideas/why-we-need-reparations-for-black-americans/

Summary: This article breaks down into percentages, the racial wage gap, and how this not only was an issue in history, but is still affecting African-American generations today. The article also explains that the “ American dream” are you supposed to mean equal opportunity for all which is not currently how our society is functioning. This article is asking its readers to take a stand and fight for black Americans, not just the ones who have been enslaved in our history, but the current generation still suffering.

How I will use this source: I will use multiple quotes from this article because I feel it is very helpful and has very powerful language that will support the points I am trying to make. I will also use this article to adjust, expand my general knowledge on reparations and how they can be applied.

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“Reparations for Descendants of Enslaved People.” County Health Rankings & Roadmaps, https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/take-action-to-improve-health/what-works-for-health/strategies/reparations-for-descendants-of-enslaved-people.

Summary: this article explains and goes into detail about different kinds of reparation programs. These are all different kinds of programs, one is to get scholarships for young African-American children/adults, etc. Mainly, though the article talks about how these reparations need to be multi-component interventions; which would include formal apologies, public acknowledgment of historical injustice, and its current manifestations.

How I will use this source: I will use this source to help me write my solution paragraph. This article will give me a couple ideas of ways that this nation can repay people of color, specifically African-Americans. Mainly, I will try and use this as a reference, but a cool couple quotes could also be helpful in making appoint

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Cooper, Allan D. “From Slavery to Genocide: The Fallacy of Debt in Reparations Discourse.” Journal of Black Studies, vol. 43, no. 2, 2012, pp. 107–26. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23215202. Accessed 9 Dec. 2022.

Summary: This article talks about the history of slavery and how we as a country have failed to give reparations where they are due. Cooper explains how African American people are owed money in a few different ways which include reparations as debt, reparations for genocide, slavery, etc. The author also touches on how Jim crow laws being forced onto African-American people is very harmful and wrong.

How I will use this source: I plan to use this source for reference when I am talking about the history of racism and segregation in the United States. As well as evidence to back up my argument, that reparations is what this country needs to do to write their wrongs towards African-American people.

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Rothstein, Richard. The Color of Law: The History of how the government segregated The United States. Liveright publishing corporation,2017

How I will use this source: There are a few chapters I have picked out in assisting me writing my essay. The Chapters I will be using/ referencing are 2,3,4, and 10. Each will give me insight into the main points I want to address in my essay. I will talk about suppressed incomes and housing.

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Summary:In this chapter, Rothstein considers a variety of potential answers. His plan calls for integrating both middle-class and low-income neighborhoods, banning discriminatory zoning laws, and actively desegregating schools.
Key Terms:
Federal Subsidies(203)
Inclusionary Zoning(204)
Fair Housing Organizations(198)

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Chapter 11- Looking Forward, Looking Back

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Chapter 11- Looking Forward, Looking Back

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Summary:Rothstein discusses the challenges of undoing the results of de Jure racism. He contends that the structural effects of those policies are what make reversing certification difficult, and that other difficulties unrelated to institutionalized racism have resulted in the limited socioeconomic advancement of African-Americans.
Key Terms:
Mobility(183)
Structural Legacy(178)
Equity Appreciation(182)

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Summary: According to Rothstein, Americans frequently believe that segregation is the direct result of generally poorer black families being unable to afford homes in wealthier, whiter zones. Nonetheless the racial income gap was due to policies that purposely kept black incomes low
Key Terms:
Union(158)
Property assessments(169)
Income Suppression(161)

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Summary: Even with the effort of the Governor and some individuals.groups trying to protect African American families in non-integrated neighborhoods, trying it integrate. Blacks were harassed, threatened, and even killed due to the lack of police involvement when it came to addressing the mobs that would form outside their homes.
Key Terms:
-NAACP(139)
-FHA(139)
- Firebombing(144)

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Summary: Zoning, according to Rothstein, "fixed only half the problem" for segregationists because it didn't prevent African Americans from relocating to white suburbs. The federal government urged white families to relocate to the suburbs, ignored the Constitution in the process, and "with express racist intent, made it nearly hard for African American individuals to follow" when they had done so.
Key terms:
-Exclusionary
- Middle-class
- Federal Government
- Committee
- HOLC
- FHA

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Summary: The end of the reconstruction in 1877 segregation followed all throughout the south, African Americans right’s being denied. Also a multitude of Jim Crow laws enforced the segregation of goods and public services.
Key Terms:
- District
- Divided
- Ordinance
- Zoning
- Slums
- Commission

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Summary: Richard Rothstein explains the true purpose behind public housing and addresses the assumptions people have about it’s purpose. The intended for public housing were working lower-middle-class  white families to help the housing shortage not to help the the poor.
Key Terms:
-Subsidized/unsubsidized
- CCC
- PWA
- TVA
- Urban neighborhoods
- Segregation

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The Color of Law