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1) State the two different divisions of the ANS. Include their alternate names

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1) State the two different divisions of the ANS. Include their alternate names

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Two divisions of the ANS:

Parasympathetic Nervous system; responsible for the “rest & digest” state

Cholinergic

Sympathetic Nervous system; responsible for our “fight, flight, fright” response

Adrenergic

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2) What are the neurotransmitters for each division 3) location where each neurotransmitter is released

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2) What are the neurotransmitters for each division 3) location where each neurotransmitter is released

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Parasympathetic:

ACH: presynaptic and postganglionic nerve endings

Sympathetic:

ACH: released from presynaptic nerve endings

NE: released at postganglionic nerve endings

EPI: released at postganglionic nerve endings

DA: released from presynaptic nerve endings

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4) The receptors of each division with main locations of each receptor.

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4) The receptors of each division with main locations of each receptor.

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Sympathetic; Adrenergic.

Alpha-1 adrenergic: receptors located on the postsynaptic effector cells of certain organs and smooth muscle

Glands, smooth muscle, eyes, most arteries & veins

Beta-1 Adrenergic: receptors located on the heart

Beta-2 Adrenergic: receptors located on the postsynaptic effector cells of smooth muscle & certain organs

Smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, coronary arteries

Nicotinic 2 (Nm)

Parasympathetic; Cholinergic

Alpha-2

Presynaptic nerve terminals

muscarinic: cardiac, smooth muscle, glands, post ganglionic nerve endings

nicotinic 1 (Nn)

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5a) What is/are the end organ responses that occur when each transmitter is stimulated.        5b) List the specific organ and state what response is generated in that organ when stimulated by each ANS division.

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5a) What is/are the end organ responses that occur when each transmitter is stimulated.        5b) List the specific organ and state what response is generated in that organ when stimulated by each ANS division.

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A. Cholinergic

muscarinic: decrease HR, increase digestions, GI secretions, & urination, bronchoconstriction, miosis

Nicotinic 1 (Nn): binds ACH

Alpha 2: decrease contraction of smooth muscle, vasodilation, decrease BP

Adrenergic

Alpha 1: SM contraction & vasoconstriction -> increase BP, mydriasis

Beta 1: increase HR, force of contraction, and conduction of heart

Beta 2: relaxation of smooth muscle, bronchodilation, uterine relaxation, vasodilation

B. Cholinergic Division

Heart: decrease HR & AV conduction

Intestines/GI motility: increased

Eyes: miosis

Lungs: bronchoconstriction of lower respiratory passages

Urinary tract: relaxation of the sphincter, contraction of the bladder

Adrenergic Division

Arteries: vasoconstriction (with exceptions of coronary arteries and arteries to skeletal muscle)

Heart: Increase HR & AV conduction. Increase contractility

Intestines/GI motility: decreased

Eyes: mydriasis

Lungs: bronchodilation of lower respiratory passages

Urinary tract: contraction of urinary sphincter, relaxation of bladder

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 6) The drug classifications for each division of the ANS. Under each classification, identify which receptors are interacted with, then include the action that occurs. 

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 6) The drug classifications for each division of the ANS. Under each classification, identify which receptors are interacted with, then include the action that occurs. 

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SNS; adrenergic

1.  Alpha 1 Adrenergic agonists

1. stimulates alpha 1 receptors

2. alpha 1 adrenergic blocker

1. blocks alpha 1 receptors

3. Adrenergic agonist

1. stimulates to both alpha and beta receptors

4. Beta 1 adrenergic agonist

1. low dose stimulates dopaminergic receptors

2. mid dose stimulates beta 1 receptors

3. high dose stimulates alpha 1 receptors

5. Beta 2 adrenergic agonist

1. stimulates beta 2 receptors

6. Beta adrenergic blockers

1. Selective beta 1 blockers

1. blocks beta 1 receptors

2. nonselective beta blockers

1. blocks both beta 1 & 2 receptors

PSNS; cholinergic

1.  Direct acting cholinergic agonist

1. stimulates muscarinic receptors

2. Indirect acting cholinergic agonist

1. blocks/inhibits acetylcholinesterase; buildup of ACH at all receptors

3. Anticholinergic

1. binds to & blocks a cholinergic receptor

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Hitner Text
ANS 1 & 2 Lecture from Professor Tammie Petersen, HPRS 2300, Round Rock Campus

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7) The specific drug examples found on your drug list under each drug classification including generic (lowercase) and brand (capitalized in parentheses with the trademark symbol at the end- ®) 

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7) The specific drug examples found on your drug list under each drug classification including generic (lowercase) and brand (capitalized in parentheses with the trademark symbol at the end- ®) 

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SNS; adrenergic

1.  Alpha 1 Adrenergic agonists

1. ephedrine

2. phenylephedrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

2. alpha 1 adrenergic blocker

1. prazosin (Minipress®)

2. terazosin (Hytrin®)

3. doxazosin (Cardura®)

3. Adrenergic agonist

1. epinephrine (Adrenalin®)

4. Beta 1 adrenergic agonist

1. dobutamine

5. Beta 2 adrenergic agonist

1. formoterol (Foradil®)

2. albuteral (Proventil®/Ventolin®)

3. terbutaline (Brethine®)

6. Beta adrenergic blockers

1. Selective beta 1 blockers

1. atenolol (Tenormin®)

2. metoprolol (Lopressor®)

2. nonselective beta blockers

1. nadolol (Corgard®)

2. propranolol (Inderol®)

3. timolol (Blocadren®)

PSNS; cholinergic

1.  Direct acting cholinergic agonist

1. acetylcholine

2. pilocarpine (Pilocar®)

3. bethanechol (Urecholine®)

2. Indirect acting cholinergic agonist

1. neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

3. Anticholinergic

1. atropine

2. dicyclomine (Bentyl®)