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FULL NAME: AINA SOFEA BINTI HELMY
SURNAME: AINA
DATE OF BIRTH: 7 JULY 2003
ORIGIN: KUALA LUMPUR
PREVIOUS SCHOOL: SMK DATOK LOKMAN
HOBBIES: LISTENING TO MUSIC
AMBITION: IT INFORMATION SYSTEM
LIFE MOTTO: DIFFERENT DOESN'T MEAN WRONG
SECTION ASSIGNED: ORGANIZATION 1

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FULL NAME: MISHA MAISARAH BINTI JAMAL
SURNAME: MISHA
DATE OF BIRTH: 11 MARCH 2003
ORIGIN: JOHOR BAHRU
PREVIOUS SCHOOL: MRSM TUN GHAFAR BABA
HOBBIES: PAINTING & BAKING
AMBITION: IT INFORMATION SPECIALIST
LIFE MOTTO: PLAYED DUMB BUT ALWAYS KNEW
SECTION ASSIGNED: UTILITIES 1

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FULL NAME: NURYASMIN NASRIN BINTI MOHD ZIN
SURNAME: YASMIN
DATE OF BIRTH: 12 OCTOBER 2003
ORIGIN: KUALA LUMPUR
PREVIOUS SCHOOL: SMK BUKIT JALIL
HOBBIES: READING AND CROCHET
AMBITION: TEACHER
LIFE MOTTO: FINISH WHAT YOU HAVE STARTED
SECTION ASSIGNED: ORGANIZATION 2

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FULL NAME: PUTRI BATRISYIA QASDINA BINTI MOHAMMAD HAMIDI
SURNAME: QASDINA
DATE OF BIRTH: 18 APRIL 2003
ORIGIN: KUALA LUMPUR
PREVIOUS SCHOOL: SMK DATOK LOKMAN
HOBBIES: JOURNALING
AMBITION: DOCUMENT ANALYST SPECIALIST
LIFE MOTTO: FAIL AT SOMETHING NEW OR SUCCEED IN MAKING A NEW DISCOVERY
SECTION ASSIGNED: UTILITIES 2

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INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF LIBRARY ASSOCIATION AND INSTITUTIONS (IFLA)

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INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF LIBRARY ASSOCIATION AND INSTITUTIONS (IFLA)

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https://www.ifla.org/

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INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF THE ORGANIZATION

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INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF THE ORGANIZATION

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The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) is the global voice of libraries, representing the profession's interests and working to improve services worldwide.

IFLA was founded in Edinburgh, Scotland, on September 30, 1927. Inspiring by the international unity and cooperation that followed World War I, delegates from fifteen countries signed a resolution establishing the first international professional library organization. In its infancy, European interests dominated the IFLA. Early achievements included regulating the prices of periodicals in the German book trade and establishing an international interlibrary loan system.

After World War II, fifty countries joined the IFLA. In 1946, the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) partnered with the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to promote "the greatest possible freedom in the distribution and exchange across national borders of publications, other library materials and information about publications.

IFLA is currently headquartered at the Royal Library in The Hague, the Netherlands' national library, and has 1700 association and institutional members from 150 countries. Aside from regional meetings and conferences, the IFLA also holds an annual conference in a different city.

Throughout its extensive history, IFLA has advocated for the work of libraries, librarians, and library associations worldwide. At first, IFLA officially began in 1929 with 15 members from 15 nations . However, they are now have more than 1,500 Members and Affiliates from approximately 150 countries.

Since then, IFLA has had a long and illustrious history as it strives to become the worldwide voice of the library and information profession.

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IFLA is the voice of libraries around the world. It speaks up for the library profession and works to improve services everywhere. IFLA  do well because they have a lot of members, a strong professional community, and good relationships with they partners.

"A strong and united global library field powering literate, informed and participatory societies"
-The IFLA Vision describes the world they want to make in the future. It serves as a point of reference for all of their work, both for IFLA and for the library field as a whole, giving us direction and ideas for everything we do.

"To inspire, engage, enable and connect the global library field."
-The IFLA Mission describes what the organization does to reach the Vision. Its words show everything that IFLA does to help its members and others. For example, they gives its members tools and materials, a place to talk and learn, and advocates on their behalf. It also works to make sure that our Federation will be around for a long time.

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The current goals of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) are:

➳ To promote high standards for providing and delivering library and information services

➳ To raise awareness of how important good library and information services are

➳ To represent the global interests of their members.

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➳ First president: Isak G.A. Collijin (1927-1931)

➳ Present president: Christine Mackenzie (2019-2022)

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IFLA members are associations, institutions, and individuals from 150 countries around the world. They currently provide a number of membership categories for associations and also institutions. These memberships are subject to a system of different fees based on bands that relate to either the level of development in the country where they are based or the operating costs of the Member. In the first case, IFLA uses the UNESCO Scale of Assessment and the United Nations List of Least Developed Countries to put Members into bands.

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➳ Encourage high standards of library and information service provision and delivery.

➳ Encourage widespread recognition of the importance of good library and information services.

➳ Represent members' interests all over the world.

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The IFLA is in charge of library and research services for international and national legislatures, as well as for legislatures in governmental and devolved countries at the second-tier level. The activities and goals of IFLA services include running legislative libraries, focusing on research, public communication, and education. They may also be in charge of institutional documents and the archives of the parliament. The main goal of the services is to give elected members of the legislature timely, accurate, clear, and purpose of information to help them in performing their jobs as legislators, observers, and representatives.

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BEING A MEMBER OF IFLA GIVES YOU THE CHANCE TO: 

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BEING A MEMBER OF IFLA GIVES YOU THE CHANCE TO: 

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-Join IFLA's worldwide network of people who work in libraries and information services.

-Take part in one or more IFLA Sections' activities.

-Can sign up for up to 25 Section Newsletters for free

-Can take part in workshops, seminars, and poster sessions to improve the LIS skills.

-Learn from others LIS professionals and organizations that working in the fields by sharing ideas, concerns, and knowledge.

-Save a lot of money on more than 60 IFLA publications

-Use IFLA to expertise and let other LIS professionals know about your products and services.

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THE INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR INFORMATION SYSTEM (INIS)

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THE INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR INFORMATION SYSTEM (INIS)

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One of the prominent bibliographical services and utilities established in this sphere is operated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The utility is the International Nuclear Information System (INIS). INIS is established in the 1970s. Ever since the day of its establishment, the geographic region of the headquarters is in Vienna, Austria.

Under the IAEA, there are numerous branches of other services and utilities which is held for different purposes. There is the Liaison Office which is located in New York and Geneva. Also, there are Laboratories and Research Centres in Seibersdorf, Monaco, and Trieste. Lastly, there is the Regional Safeguards Office in Tokyo, Toronto, and PKI.

Furthermore, INIS is basically a database that serves the community in terms of nuclear sciences and also in terms of technology. Hence, the operating hours are in 24 hours a day because it is a part of online services bibliographical related. However, we found out that those who faced a problem or have any inquiries may ask the admin or the operator by contacting the teams at (+431) 2600-0 by phone call and also by facsimile at (+431) 2600- 7. To be included, users also may email them on their official mail.

In addition, the reason for the founding of this utility is because back then when it was around the 1940s, the community faced a problem in terms of information retrieval and the aspect of storing the information retrieved. Apart from that, nearing the 1960s, the process of exchanging information was done manually and in order to overcome the problem and to ensure the use of nuclear information was on the right path, the database was created and fully operated in the 1970s.

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On April 19, 1912, Dr. Glenn Theodore Seaborg was born in Ishpeming, Michigan. In 1929, he graduated as the top student in his class from David Starr Jordan High School in Los Angeles. He enrolled at the University of California, Los Angeles in 1929, and the University of California, Berkeley awarded him a Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1937.

Moreover, he collaborated on several scientific works with the late G. N. Lewis while serving as his personal lab assistant from 1937 to 1939. At the University of California, Berkeley, Dr. Seaborg was hired as a chemistry instructor in 1939. In 1941, he was elevated to assistant professor, and in 1945, he was named professor of chemistry. In addition to several thorough evaluations and collections in scholarly journals, Dr. Seaborg is the author of almost 200 scientific works. Many works on chemistry and the elements are either written by him or with whom he has collaborated. He oversees the US ACE as chairman.

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Moving in line with the progress of the times, the mission of the establishment of the International Nuclear Information System is to initiate and publicize a database of the world’s nuclear literature and a full text of the non-conventional literature such as the NCL and Grey literature.

According to Todeschini (2010), the mission of INIS is to aid in fostering a culture of mutual learning among the Member States and inside the Agency including to conserve scientific and technological nuclear knowledge by maintaining and expanding INIS in collaboration with participating countries and committed allies.

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Align with the mission of the establishment, the vision of INIS is to be the world’s most trustworthy and global source of tried-and-true information and knowledge on the tranquil uses of nuclear sciences and technology.

On the other hand, the International Nuclear Information System aimed to be the leading global cooperative service for bibliographical information. It will support related alliances in serving the public by facilitating calm access to nuclear science and technology knowledge through innovation and collaboration with the other legitimate party.

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In fact, INIS has its own objectives, such as promoting information exchange on the environmentally friendly application of nuclear technology as INIS covers a variety of fields of subject matter regarding scientific knowledge, such as renewable energy knowledge, material and life science, agriculture, and much more energy knowledge. Other than that, they are also offering online access to a unique library of non-traditional literature. This is because they created a database that will contribute to the enhancement of exchanging information process in terms of bibliographical.

Moreover, they aimed to demonstrate their extensive understanding of the nuclear sector so that society will get to access any information regarding science and technology from trustworthy and dependable sources rather than any other illegal yet doubtful sources. According to the IAEA, in order to provide a broad nuclear information announcement and abstracting services for literature pertaining to the uses of related fields, they have the desire to organize and make all nuclear knowledge available to everyone.

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➸ Assemble, and designate nuclear science and technology literature, and develop any input related to it for full coverage in the national literature.

➸ Provide resources, stay in touch with users who are in need in terms of seeking scientific and technology information, and conduct user requirements research.

➸ Contribute and suggest any suggestions or advice for the expansion and improvement of INIS to be carried out by the members.

➸ Participate and engage with any universities' libraries for bibliographical activities

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International experts met for an IAEA Technical Meeting to Develop Guidance Documents for Nuclear Knowledge Management in Government, Industry and Academia at the L4EA Headquarters in October 2006

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Participating in the 1st Research Coordination Meeting on Comparative Analysis of methods and Tools for Nuclear Knowledge Preservation, 13-17November 2006, IAEA

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Nuclear experts from IAEA Member States participated in the 2006 School for Nuclear Knowledge Management at ICTP, Trieste

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Opening Session of the ANENT Meeting at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (K4ERI) in Daejeon, September 2006. At the head table: Mr. S. K. Yang, Korean Ministry of Science and Technology (left), Mr. Y. Yanev, Head, NKM Unit (right)

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➸ The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)
➸ International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
➸ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
➸ Malaysian Nuclear Agency
➸ The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)
➸ The International Energy Agency’s (IEA)
➸ Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE)
➸ Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste
➸ Forum of Nuclear Regulatory Bodies in Africa (FNRBA)
➸ Pacific Disaster Center (PDC)

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1. The establishment of the International Nuclear Information System (INIS) which was authorized by the Agency's Board of Governors in February 1969 & produced its first products in May 1970.

2. INIS has begun the publication of its first scientific periodical, the quarterly Nuclear Fusion Journal.

3. INIS was consulted by the United Nations Educational, scientific, and cultural organization to study the organization and the operation of scientific abstracting services.

4. Inis have made references to the UNESCO for UNISIST Programme. UNISIST program is the intergovernmental program for cooperation in scientific and technological information.

5. They successfully publicized the "List of Bibliographies" and the list of periodicals in the nuclear field in the 1960s.

6. In 2017, Inis received the award for the most outstanding achievement in the field of Grey Literature.

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INIS has been in operation for over three years. Many issues have arisen during its growth, but the majority of these have been resolved,   It is now adding approximately 60 000 new items per year to its center file and, from both an operational and economical standpoint, it has been shown to be approaching the hopes as well as plans of its developers.

Based on the numerous collections INIS has developed ever since there are a lot of benefits in terms of information systems. A better information system can be seen by how effective the use of information by society is.  As all INIS bibliographic records and NCL documents that have been digitized nowadays are fully referenced and discoverable, the INIS Collection Search speeds up downloads and searches and sustains multilingual questions.

It also supports Boolean searches for metadata fields like Abstract, Author, Country, Descriptors, Language, and Title. The significance ranking of output is a highly useful new feature for such a massive database. It is also possible to sort the outcome by date. Hence, the INIS Collection Search allows users to profile and save queries, as well as export lookup success in a variety of formats.

Following that, the complete integration of the existing collection of online-based documents in the INIS Collection, as well as the online searchability of full texts in several languages, has resulted in improved information system circulation. This is due to the fact that, as of today, the online collection has been digitized, with an extra 3.4 million pages produced before project completion, which is expected to take two to three years, depending on resources.

While electronic collections help to increase awareness of library resources, another advantage of INIS is the invention of the  Multilingual Thesaurus.  The INIS Thesaurus has grown to over 30 000 terms as a result of organized research for several decades. It is available in all of the IAEA's official languages, including Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish, as well as German. It is a one-of-a-kind multilingual word or phrase in the nuclear field. Would say this one profits the information system because it made people enhance their vocabs by discovering new phrases easily as it is accessible and fast.

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1. INIS BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATABASE
It has been 52 years since the first establishment of the database product of services. Ever since that day, there are over 2.5 million indexed databases accumulated and over 80 000 references per year which have been provided and spread among the societies. Not only that, in the bibliographical database, there are also abstracts such as English abstracts.

2. INIS DATABASE
There are several types of literature served on this database. For example, there are journal articles, technical reports, conference papers, books related to nuclear science and technology, other field books, patents, laws and legislations, and lastly theses. INIS database is a reliable source because its content was selected, and evaluated by experts and it is value-added to the database compared to the www website which has always been an abundance of resources and is not controlled by the authority.

3. INIS NON-CONVENTIONAL LITERAUTURE
NCL is a collection of scientific and technological reports, research articles, theses, and intellectual property rights documents, laws and legislations, and other materials that are not easily accessible through broadcast networks. For this literature, there are over 600 000 full texts for the physical form and over 270 000 full texts for the electronic form. The target audience for this collection is chiefly the INIS member and the universities.

4. CD-ROM CONTAINING SELECTED/EVALUATED FULL-TEXT NCL DOCUMENTS AND INIS REFERENCES.
The purpose of the development of this product is specifically for knowledge preservation among the citizen of one country. Other than that, this product is to support every IAEA program as INIS was developed with the assistance of the IAEA organization. Lastly, it is meant for the member states to refer according to their needs.

5.  INIS INPUT PREPARATION SYSTEM (FIBRE) (CUSTOMIZABLE)
It was developed in the early 1990s, prior to the release of the INIS database on CD-ROM. Almost all entering information centers send data via the 'FIBRE' (Friendly Inputting of Bibliographic Records), a PC-based data prep work package specifically designed by INIS. FIBRE is a resource that otherwise assists INIS Institutes in streamlining their input preparation, but also ensures higher quality and consistency of data, lowering costs via reduced adjustment attempts.  As a result, the processing time is reduced.

6. INIS MULTILINGUAL THESAURUS

The INIS Thesaurus has grown over time as a result of systematic investigation, and it now contains more than 30 000 terms. Using the Cooperative Thesaurus as a preliminary step, INIS has developed the INIS Multilingual Thesaurus, which includes navigation capabilities and the full thesaurus centralization of authority. It is readily accessible in all of the IAEA's national languages, and one-of-a-kind multilingual thesaurus in the nuclear field, and it is a significant instrument for indexing and defining nuclear information and knowledge in a proper manner, which aids in multilingual and conceptual searches of the INIS Database.

7. INIS WEB SERVICES
available on the IAEA's World Wide Website to aid users in searching for and fetching related documents The booklet is also accessible to registered users on the INIS Database website's homepage.

8. OECD/NEA DATA BANK COMPUTER PROGRAM SERVICES
The NEA Data Bank provides a computer program service for nuclear energy applications. They will collect relevant programs, and compile and test them in a suitable computing environment for reference purposes. There are over 2000 documented packages to be referred to in this collection alone.

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So many actions were thought to encourage INIs in society. A plan is in the works to consult all local academic institution centers to promote the care. Several plans have been developed under INIS with the hope that all of them will be fully supported by relevant entities. To begin, INIS intends to broaden and expand the coverage of its products in order to provide the world with a more convenient way to access and obtain nuclear information for peaceful purposes.

Aside from that, INIS intends to remain a self-governed non-profit organization or collaboration system of member states and international organizations. By that time, the utility will have earned the trust of all levels of the organization. Members will be able to make decisions based on a well-defined set of core values, and their efforts will be grounded in a larger purpose. Everyone in the utility will inspire others both inside and outside the utility to stand on their own, while also maintaining a systematic framework of corporation collaborative efforts.

Furthermore, INIS aimed to be inventive in order to attain the intended result. They will improve their tools and utilities in order to stand out and capture the attention of society. By doing so, they may be capable of engaging the nation and become the most extensively used database among other organizations. They intend to make changes such as implementing the new INIS Data Processing System (IDPS), developing and implementing the INIS/IAEA Library AVaste Management cross-database browse system using the Convera RetrievalWare search engine, and developing a network of knowledge activities for the development of gearing up related reports.

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To give a brief, there are numerous methods for obtaining every collection made under INIS, which was continued to operate by the IAEA organisation. All studies conducted in this country should make use of the collections in order to provide value for scientific and technological resources. Because the collections are free, those seeking knowledge in the field for self-development or research purposes should take advantage of the services. I believe that everyone, whether a member of the organisation or a citizen, must play their part in the community by contributing to the preservation of nuclear information through INIS as one of the contexts in developing nuclear authority for the potential initiative.

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↬   “This is a most ingenious way of getting everyone involved to create a safe future for us and generations to come. ” Dr. J.N. Micheni, Director Kenyatta National Hospital Kenya

↬  “Botswana would like to take full advantage of the INIS services and link its research institutes to the wealth of information provided. ” Stephen D. Williams, Deputy Director Department of Research Science and Technology Botswana

↬   “INIS is the main support for the implementation of knowledge management. ” Dr. M. Derdour Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique Algeria

↬   “Appreciate the information provided as an eye-opener to the functions and applications in nuclear issues. ” Ms. Rhoda T. Ngarande Embassy and Permanent Mission Zimbabwe

↬ “INIS is distinguished by its valuable approach to helping and assisting scientists and researchers in obtaining relevant scientific and technical information on research and development in their area of activities. Therefore INIShas a valuable role in the transfer of know-how in nuclear science and technology to all IAEA Member States. ” Prof. Elsayed Elkattan Chairman, Nuclear Materials Authority Egypt

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CONGRESS OF SOUTH EAST ASIAN LIBRARIAN (CONSAL)

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CONGRESS OF SOUTH EAST ASIAN LIBRARIAN (CONSAL)

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THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF MEMBERSHIP IN IFLA:

1) Personal Affiliation
According to IFLA's Statutes, a Personal Affiliate is a person who wants to show interest and support for the Federation's goals. Personal Affiliates can join one IFLA Section for free and get the IFLA Directory, the quarterly IFLA Journal, and the IFLA Medium Term Programmed.

2)Institutional Membership
Institutional Members can include libraries, library schools, bibliographical and research institutes, and other institutions. Institutional Members get the IFLA Directory, the quarterly IFLA Journal, and the Medium-Term Plan. They can also join two IFLA Sections for free.

3)Association Membership
Association Members can be groups of libraries, librarians, and library schools. They can also be groups of bibliographical and research institutes whose main goal is to help IFLA reach its goals. Association members must work in library and information services at the national, multinational, or international level. Members of the Association can get the IFLA Directory, the quarterly IFLA Journal, and the IFLA Medium Term Programmed. They can also join 4 Sections for free.

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1.1 Show how libraries can help reach the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
As a way to promote libraries more effectively, IFLA will make high-quality and high-impact tools that show people outside of libraries, how libraries contribute to development in all of its aspects.

1.2 Build a strong presence as a valued partner in international groups and meetings.
IFLA will make their connections with important international organizations stronger so that they can help make laws, guidelines, and programs that can help all of the libraries.

1.3 Work with library associations and libraries to figure out the biggest problems they face with the law and money, and then push for action.
By working closely with their members, they will able to support advocacy in national and regional priority areas, such as literacy, learning, reading, innovation, and access to knowledge and heritage.  They will do this by working with them directly, giving them advice, and giving them high-quality materials for advocacy.

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➳ ALP: Advancement of Librarianship programmed
➳ BSMH: Basic Serials Management Handbook
➳ BSLA: Building Strong Library Association
➳ CLM: Committee on Copyright and other Legal Matters
➳ ENSULIB: Environment, Sustainability, and Libraries
➳ FAIFE: Free Access to Information and Freedom of Expression.

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➳ "Academic and Research Libraries" is a part of IFLA.

➳ "Campaign For the World's Libraries" is related with IFLA.

➳ NIP/NITS (National Information Policy / National IT Strategies Survey) is a service of IFLA.

➳ Internet Governance Guide for Libraries is a publication of IFLA.

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In conclusion, libraries are important places for people to obtain information and knowledge. They are also important components of development programs that use ICTs to meet community needs. As a member of the Beyond Access coalition, IFLA is a strong advocate for the idea that libraries can help solve development problems and be a force for change. In addition to this, we ought to view information as a tool for improving outcomes in all aspects of development, and libraries are one of the institutions that both have the infrastructure and the capacity to assist with this endeavor.

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IFLA EXHIBITION IN ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS

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IFLA EXHIBITION IN ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS

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The following are videos of the IFLA exhibition held in Rotterdam. Rotterdam was selected by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) because it is a culturally vibrant city with numerous architectural oddities, libraries, museums, and galleries. It is also a business center and working city with one of the largest harbours in the world and can attract a large number of individuals.

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Invitation to visit Rotterdam for IFLA WLIC 2021

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1) IFLA. (n.d.). Retrieved July 5, 2022, from https://www.ifla.org/

2) Membership categories. IFLA. (n.d.). Retrieved July 5, 2022, from https://www.ifla.org/membership-categories/

3) Our vision and mission. IFLA. (n.d.). Retrieved July 6, 2022, from https://www.ifla.org/vision-mission/

4) Why is this important for libraries? IFLA. (n.d.). Retrieved July 6, 2022, from https://www.ifla.org/why-is-this-important-for-libraries/

5)United Nations. (n.d.). International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) | Department of Economic and Social Affairs. United Nations. Retrieved July 6, 2022, from https://sdgs.un.org/statements/international-federation-library-associations-and-institutions-ifla-11952#:~:text=In%20conclusion%2C%20we%20should%20see,capacity%20to%20help%20implement%20this.

6) IFLA WLIC 2021 to be held in Rotterdam, Netherlands. IFLA WLIC 2019. (2019, August 29). Retrieved July 11, 2022, from https://2019.ifla.org/ifla-wlic-2021-to-be-held-in-rotterdam-netherlands/

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‘The Congress Of Southeast Asian Librarians' or short for ‘CONSAL’ is a regional body established in August 1970 and founded in Singapore, where it is comprised of ten librarian associations and libraries from Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, and Singapore. In the presence of these regional bodies, the countries can communicate and also foster collaboration.

There was a conference that gave the idea of forming a regional organization for the countries of Southeast Asia. This conference was conducted in 1969 in Jakarta, Indonesia called the Southeast Asian Research Materials Conference. This conference was attended by prominent scholars, archivists, and librarians. The formation of official CONSAL was done through the collaboration of the Singapore and Malaysia Library Associations. From August 14 to 16, 1970, the first CONSAL conference took place in Singapore.

The conferences that take place once every three years, and every conference that takes place, members take turns hosting the conference. During the conference, a country reports on the development of the library for 3 years before the conference prepared by each member country will be held, and it is a traditional process of the conference. The conference also helped in strengthening relations between countries and get to discussing about current library issues.

Other than that, there are CONSAL objectives to be achieved, and this matter is the CONSAL executive board’s responsibilities. The CONSAL executive board, which consists of three national members of each member country.

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CONSAL’s vision is to build relationships, sharing, cooperation and at the same time collaboration among member countries in the relevant fields of librarianship, library and information science, documentation, information and other related activities.

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There are several objectives of CONSAL, first is to establish, maintain, and strengthen networks, collaborations, and connections with librarians, libraries, library schools, library associations, and other related institutions in the region.

Second is to encourage collaboration and provide assistance in the development of librarianship, library and information sciences, documentation, information and associated services in the region.

Third is to collaborate with regional and international organization, and other institutions in the support of common undertakings and interests of CONSAL.

Forth is to provide a forum for the exchange of knowledge and experience on issues pertaining to librarianship, library and information sciences, documentation, information, and associated services in the region.

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➸ Brunei
➸ Cambodia
➸ Indonesia
➸ Laos
➸ Myanmar
➸ Malaysia
➸ Thailand
➸ Vietnam
➸ Philippines
➸ Singapore

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Under the CONSAL initiative, the provision of digitization machines to nine ASEAN countries was carried out, and this provision was to provide digital content to national print and also to facilitate the dissemination of ebooks across ASEAN countries through regional gateways.

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The conference (CONSAL XIV) was held in Vietnam on April 20, 2009. The topics presented by 34 speakers were sub-topics like library services, library education, emerging technology, and many more that related to libraries.

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The 15th CONSAL conference (CONSAL XV) from 28 to 31 May 2012 was held in Bali, Indonesia. Various topics were discussed, and there were 103 papers presented at the conference. The conference was attended by more than 800 people, consisting of information experts, librarians, and many others.

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There are some other programmes carried out during CONSAL XV, such as exhibitions, cultural site visits, and gala dinners.

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CONSAL XVIII was conducted online because of the COVID-19 pandemic that blocked face-to-face conferences. Agreement on the design of the logo and the main themes of CONSAL XVIII was done and issues about the website administration, CONSAL constitution, and other issues were also discussed.

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i) CONSAL WEB

The CONSAL WEB were created to facilitate professionals in the processes of teaching, research, learning, scholarship, communication, and many more. This electronic communication infrastructure includes library resources, tools for electronic communication, and others for members to encourage the exchange of ideas with each other. It also makes it easier for community members to get information, and at the same time, it is free. Moreover, information pertaining to professional work is regularly updated with the most recent information.

ii) FORUM

This forum is held by CONSAL to foster cooperation between librarians from various countries so that professional connections and information sharing will occur because each person or librarians has different opinions and ideas. Discussion about the issues of the library, documentation, and other topics could also be conducted. Therefore, this form is very important for all to generate new ideas so that the improvement of libraries and other projects can be successful.

iii) COMMUNITY FORUM

Under CONSAL WEB, there is a Community Forum where it is customized for members of the community. The structure of this form is different because users interact, communicate, exchange information, or discuss with each other online. Furthermore, the community forum that is run will be archived so that users can access the past discussions after the conference has ended. Additionally, sharing information about the latest projects and latest issues that give an impact on the organization is also carried out online.

iii) ELECTRONIC DATABASES

One of the services provided by CONSAL is an electronic database. This electronic database contains various types of information created by CONSAL. Also, the information used by CONSAL is also provided in this electronic database. For sure, all the information provided is information that is trusted and free to use. There is also information or content that is not free and must be paid to use, but the amount that needs to be paid is just a small amount.

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There are some benefits that can be obtained from CONSAL. The first significant benefit that can be obtained from CONSAL is that all countries in the southeast can connect more often and intimately with each other. They can also communicate and conduct discussions about matters related to the library so that improvements can occur.

Second, library services in each country will improve because of the library training programme provided by CONSAL, and this can have a positive impact on the development of a library.

Third, the bibliographic resources obtained by each national library can be accessed by all, and this service is provided by CONSAL to make it easier for libraries in each country to obtain this bibliographic information to provide it to their respective library users. At the same time, librarians can save time in providing the bibliographic information.

Furthermore, with CONSAL, strategic relationships and collaborative activities can be established. Moreover, the information obtained by each library in the southeast can be arranged and stored systematically by using services that have been provided by CONSAL.

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i) Suggestions for new areas of collaboration

This is to find better alternatives to cooperative activities that focus on academic materials and research to meet the needs of many users who want full access to online material. Furthermore, digital libraries are currently creating platforms for collaboration as the internet and electronic resources are used more often. At the same time, to reduce the cost of printing the same book and instead just making the material available on the internet, or online

ii) Collaboration on electronic journals

By encouraging faculty, scholars, and researchers from our own academic and research institutions to publish their works in non-subscription electronic journals, joint electronic journals can open the doors to expanding access to resources, especially those rare and otherwise inaccessible items. So, information that would have been very challenging to find will now be accessible to scholars and researchers everywhere.

iii) Promote and show to the community the importance of libraries as sources of knowledge

aims to foster people’s awareness that the library is very important because the library is a place where there is information needed by every person. Without the library and information, the country and society could not develop.

iv) Work in partnership with regional institutions and other organisations

Collaborate to generate more plans or projects related to the library and other projects in the future.

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➸ About the membership, some countries like Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos have left CONSAL but rejoined at CONSAL XI, which was in the year 2000. Other than that, Myanmar joined CONSAL in 2003, at CONSAL XII

➸ The first conference hosted by Malaysia was the CONSAL V which was on 25 to 29 May 1981 and the second conference was CONSAL X which was on 21 to 25 May 1996.

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AWARDS RECEIVED BY REPRESENTATIVES OF MALAYSIA IN CONSAL

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AWARDS RECEIVED BY REPRESENTATIVES OF MALAYSIA IN CONSAL

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➸ In 2003, Datuk Dr Zaiton Osman, a Malaysian librarian, received the CONSAL Outstanding Librarian Award in Brunei. (CONSAL XII)

➸ In 2009, a representative from Malaysia, Datuk Zawiyah Baba, won the presentation of the CONSAL Outstanding Librarian Award 2009 in Vietnam (CONSAL XIV)

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To sum up, the existence of CONSAL is very important because it can help in the improvement of various things, including the accession of information. Furthermore, it also helps in developing the library by adding various facilities that can help users get the information they want. So, in each country, the community will be more interested in visiting or using library services, and the realisation that the existence of a library is very important for their goods.

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PALM OIL INFORMATION ONLINE SERVICE (PALMOILIS)

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PALM OIL INFORMATION ONLINE SERVICE (PALMOILIS)

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The Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) created and hosts PALMOILIS, an online database service. The aforementioned service was launched in 1993 to coincide with the PORIM International Palm Oil Congress 1993. MPOB's strategic capabilities, intellectual capital and main product are palm oil data, information and knowledge. As a result, PALMOILIS is a platform for palm oil and oil palm knowledge management. An online bibliographic database of oil palm and palm oil journal articles, book chapters, research papers, inventions, standards, lecture notes and other relating references accepted for publication by MPOB and other intellectual and learned publishers.

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The Malaysian Palm Oil Board's (MPOB) Palm Information Centre [Pusat Maklumat Sawit (PMS)] with over a decade of experience in information acquisition, dissemination, and overall information resource management has taken on a new business focus since the official opening of its database service PALMOILIS (Palm Oil Information Online Service) in 1993. It has since expanded its traditional library and information service functions to include other ancillary services made possible by advances in information and communication technology (ICT). It is now the Board's Information hub, with PALMOILIS and PALMSEARCH serving as the common platform for collecting, collating, and disseminating information to researchers, industry, and members of the public. It is a Palm Oil Knowledge Hub for a Sustainable Future.

Palm Information Centre (PMS), which falls under the scope of MPOB's Information Technology and Corporate Services Division is the culmination of a concerted effort to give due power and influence to information, particularly the R&D information and knowledge generated by MPOB.

The PMS Building is a multi-level facility with a total area of 5 888 square metres. To improve interaction with our customers, user areas, service areas, function rooms and other accommodations are strategically placed. The Resource Library, PALMOILIS, Galeri Sawit and PalmShopee are the four information-based service components of PMS.

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VISION : To become a renowned information center on palm oil and its by-products

MISSION : To preserve the industrial heritage of the country relating to palm oil by enhancing the Intellectual Property (IP) of the Board and constantly striving to meet or exceed the needs and expectations of our stakeholders.

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To bring together engineers in the palm oil industry

Keep engineers up to date on important developments affecting their profession and the palm oil industry

To provide a forum for engineers to express their opinions and discuss industry-related issues

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In 1999, the Malaysian Palm Oil Association was formed due to a rationalization exercise of the plantation industry's various associations, advisory bodies, and councils (MPOA). in its wake, three major plantation sector organizations were dissolved : the Rubber Growers Association (RGA, founded in 1968), the United Planting Association of Malaysia (UPAM, founded in 1897), and the Malaysian Oil Palm Growers Council (MOPGC, founded in 1968). MPOA has been tasked with the critical task of balancing the needs and interests of the various sectors in order to promote synergy and development of the plantation industry as a whole. Even through a crop-specific body, MPOA will also serve the interests of other plantation crops such as rubber, cocoa, tea, and non-crop issues such as land, labour, trade, and pricing. MPOA is expected to represent the complex needs of the plantation industry more effectively as an integrated single, powerful voice especially now that the economy is rapidly globalising.

Boustead Plantations Berhad, Felda Global Ventures Plantations (M) Sdn Bhd, Genting Plantations Berhad, IOI Corporation Berhad, Kuala Lumpur Kepong Berhad, Kulim (Malaysia) Berhad, Bharat Tea Plantations Sdn Bhd, Bidor Tahan Estates Sdn Bhd, Boontong Estates Sdn Bhd, Bukit Asa Sdn Bhd, Bukit Asa Sdn Bh Following that are organisations such as the Kementerian Perusahaan Perladangan Dan Komuniti, MPOB, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia Rubber Board, MTIB, LKTN, MPB, MPOA, MPOCC, MSPO, and PalmOilWorld.org.

Aside from that, the Palm Oil Information Service offers several types of membership, including Individual Registration, Corporate Registration in Malaysia, and International Membership. Individual registration costs RM75 (Malaysia), while corporate registration costs RM225 (one-time fee+annual fee). Individual registration for international is USD300, and corporate registration is USD900. Renewal of membership costs RM25 for individuals and RM75 for corporations, while international membership costs USD100 for individuals and USD300 for corporations.

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E-Palm Shopee - PalmShoppe is the MPOB publications, MPOB technology products, palm-based products, corporate souvenirs, and related publications promotion and sales centre. Product Champion is a one-stop-shop for oil palm publications and souvenirs. Journals, souvenirs, food products, CDs, and USBs are among the products available at the E-Palm Shoppe. When you purchase a product, you will be charged for shipping and delivery to your home.

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Malaysia Palm Oil Industry Performance Release - Malaysian palm oil industry performance data is released on the 10th of every month at 12.30 p.m., and includes : production, stocks, exports, imports, and FFB prices (1 percent OER)

Price release - Palm oil and its derivatives are priced daily and monthly. With these releases, the industry can plan its daily trading and business decisions more quickly and accurately.

MPOB On-Line Registration - EID has invented the MPOB OnOnlineegistration known as : E-Registration, E-Submission, E-Kilang, E-Peniaga, E-Oleo to expedite the collection of information

Research and Development - EID also conducts research in the areas of production economics, market development, sustainability, and socioeconomics. Production Economics, Market Development, Sustainability, and Socioeconomics are some of the topics covered in this course

Library Holding - has e-books, journals, newsletters/bulletins, out-of-print journals, and widely known titles

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Growth of the Industry through Global Business Initiatives and Local Efforts : Malaysia's palm industry has grown at an incredible rate. The area planted increased from 400 hectares in 1920 to 54 000 hectares in 1960. Many more areas have since been opened up for oil palm cultivation, either from virgin jungles or by converting plantations that previously supported rubber or other crops. This increase in acreage is a direct result of the government's crop diversification policy. By 1996, the area under oil palm cultivation had reached a staggering 2.6 million hectares. Between 2005 and 2010, the percentage change in oil palm areas was around 20% for each five years. In 2011, the hectarage reached 5 million hectares, with a three percent increase in area compared to 2010. Because of the crop diversification programme, oil palm planting increased rapidly in the five-year periods 1965-1970, 1970-1975, and 1975-1980. It also saw an increase in the milling and refining sectors. The government's incentive to exploit the country's rich agro-based resources aided the rise of oleochemical handling from palm oil and palm kernel oil in the 1980s.

Biodiversity : Malaysia can boast that permanent natural forest cover covers 56 percent of its 32.86 million hectare land mass. This is more than many other developed countries, which have less than 30% forest cover. Thus, there are plenty of forests to protect and conserve wildlife in terms of conservation. There is no doubting that the conversion of virgin forests to any commercial venture (including oil palm cultivation) would have an impact on the environment in some way. The loss of biodiversity, in terms of species composition in both plant and animal populations, is perhaps the most concerning. This is especially true for a monoculture system like oil palm, where flora and fauna diversity is severely limited. Recognizing the threat of biodiversity loss and dedicated to the preservation of the diverse flora and fauna, the company has established aside 2.1 million hectares of the 19.37 million hectares under forest for nature parks, wildlife reserves, bird sanctuaries, and marine parks. These areas, which are widely distributed throughout the country and are legally protected, ensure the preservation of Malaysian biodiversity.

Meeting the World's Demand for Oils and Fats : 17 largest sources meet the world's demand for oils and fats. Palm oil is the largest producer in terms of total output and the dominant player in the oils and fats trade. It controlled 57.7 percent of the export market in 2011/12. Oil palm is by far the most efficient oil crop, with a yield that is nearly ten times that of soya bean, 6.9 times that of sunflower seed, and 6.3 times that of rapeseed. In 2011 or 2012, these four sources accounted for 72 percent of all vegetable oil produced. Without a doubt, oil palm is the most efficient in terms of yield per hectare, hectare for hectare. Furthermore, because palm oil is a perennial crop, the supply is consistent, as the crop is not easily affected by weather and other calamities.

Carbon Dioxide Balance and Plantation Practices : Oil palm cultivation, which accounts for 16 percent of Malaysia's total land area of 32.86 million hectares, poses aittle environmental risk. Oil palm plantations, which are perennial with a closed canopy, store carbon directly beneath the ground. A plantation can accumulate 100-120 tonnes of biomass per hectare by maturity, which helps with carbon dioxide (CO2) balance and carbon fixation. The full LCA studies showed that for every tonne of palm oil produced, the amount of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions expended is approximately half a tonne, implying that the palm oil industry is a low carbon economic system.

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Improving fresh fruit bunch yield - Significant possibility remains to help enhance average yields of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), with a 25% increase in average national yields of FFBs aimed by 2020. This will be accomplished by combining better services for smallholders from MPOB's guidance and counseling officers (TUNAS) with assisting self-governing smallholders to join cooperatives to improve cooperation and collaboration with nearby producers. This plant generates 1,600 new jobs and increases the income of more than 161,000 independent small farmers by 47%.

Improving worker productivity - Oil palm plantations, by definition, cannot rely heavily on mechanisation, instead relying on a combination of skilled and unskilled labour. This is both a strength and a weakness of the industry as a poverty alleviation mechanism when there is a labour shortage, as the industry is currently experiencing. In response to these pressures, palm oil labourers will be given a perfect blend of training and tools to help them with their work, such as the use of a motorised harvesting pole, CantasTM, to increase harvesting productivity, a diamond sharpening tool, and buffalo-assisted FFB collection.

Increasing the oil extraction rate - The national oil extraction rate (OER) has not improved significantly in several years, giving Malaysia the opportunity to raise the national average through a combination of quality assurance and quality control. With the aim of expanding the OER from 20.5 percent in 2009 to 23 percent by 2020, all participants in the supply chain, from plantation to consumer, will benefit from higher extraction rates and thus enhanced production effectiveness. This project will deliver an additional RM 13.7 billion (USD 4.35 billion) in GNP and create 10,000 jobs by establishing 84 new mills to meet the growing FFB supply.

Accelerating the replanting of oil palm - Malaysia currently has a backlog of 365,414 hectares of oil palm trees that are more than 25 years old, indicating that the oil palms have outlived their prime production age and will need to be replaced with higher returns oil palms. The Malaysian Palm Oil Board will help smallholders start planting 100 percent of this backlog within three years by implementing a binding replanting policy with smallholders, providing financial assistance to small farmers due to income loss during unproductive years, and providing farmers with quality seed production.

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PALMOILIS, in my opinion, is well-organized. Their employees were divided into groups. First, there is an administrative officer in the group. Second, they participate in library resources and ICT applications, where PALMOILIS employees work in the libraries section to educate others about palm oil and its benefits. Palm oil can be spread all over the world thanks to the library resource, and our countries can become palm oil suppliers. The oil palm was exported to another country. PALMOILIS also has GALERI and E-Palm Shopee sections.

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I would suggest that they increase the importance of important information on their home page so that users can easily search for it. Too much information was not found, and many pages were interrupted or under maintenance. They should immediately repair the system to allow users to investigate the page without interruption. The front page is overcrowded with mini-information, making searching difficult. I believe that if the design on the front page is more appealing, it will be easier for users to access the following information.

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Palm oil is an invention that has been tested and found to be extremely beneficial to humans. It can be found in a wide range of our products, from margarine to car tyres. It is highly adaptable, simple to produce, and beneficial to human health. Furthermore, it provides enormous economic benefits to otherwise impoverished South-East Asian countries. The palm oil industry alone employs approximately two million people in Indonesia. Despite the numerous benefits of producing and consuming palm oil, there are numerous severe drawbacks to this vegetable oil's production. This output destroys many forests and vast lands, causing problems for many ecosystems and the biodiversity that exists within them. Deforestation for oil palm tree plantations (via forest fires) is responsible for 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions. It is somewhat ironic that the production of palm oil currently benefits economies while destroying economies in the future.

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1. Dance, J. (n.d.). The Production of Palm Oil. Retrieved July 10, 2022, from https://theproductionofpalmoil.weebly.com/predominant-producing-nations.html

2. Palm Oil Information Online Service. PALMOILIS. (n.d.). Retrieved July 9, 2022, from http://palmoilis.mpob.gov.my/V4/

3. Official Portal of Malaysian Palm Oil Board. MPOB Portal. (2014). Retrieved July 10, 2022, from https://www.mpob.gov.my/?lang=ms

4. Ming, K. K., & Chandranmohan, D. (2002). Malaysian Palm Oil Industry at Crossroads and its Future Direction. Retrieved July 10, 2022, from http://palmoilis.mpob.gov.my/publications/OPIEJ/opiejv2n2-10.pdf

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NASIONAL LIBRARY OF MALAYSIA'S BOOTH AT CONSAL IN MYANMAR

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NASIONAL LIBRARY OF MALAYSIA'S BOOTH AT CONSAL IN MYANMAR

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The following video is a video about the booth that opened during the 18th CONSAL conference (CONSAL XVII). Various materials and items were exhibited by the library at the booth. This is to show other visitors or librarians who come from different countries about the things that are available and special in Malaysia. This is done to ensure that the culture and various interesting things about Malaysia are known by others.

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Booth Perpustakaan Nasional pada CONSAL 2018 di Myanmar

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17th Congress of southeast asian librarians (CONSAL XVII). (2018). IFLA. Retrieved from 17th Congress of Southeast Asian Librarians (CONSAL XVII) – IFLA

3RD CONSAL XIV EXECUTIVE BOARD MEETING. (2009 May). YUMPU. Retrieved from https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/51383743/here-brunei-darussalam-library-association-wordpresscom

3M Library system hadir di CONSAL ke-15 Kuta, Bali. (2019, September 9). Batuah Sakti. Retrieved from https://batuahsakti.com/3m-library-system-hadir-di-consal-ke-15-kuta-bali/

Akmal Ahmat. (2018, June 4). 17th Congress of Southeast Asian Librarians: Next generation libraries: Collaborate and connect. Berita ppm. Retrieved from https://beritappm.wordpress.com/2018/06/04/consal2018/

Chin, C.Y., Foo, S. (2002). Development of libraries of the congress of southeast asian librarians (CONSAL) : 1996 to 1999. Library and information science research e-journal, 12(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.32655/LIBRES.2002.1.2

Congress of Southeast Asian Librarians (CONSAL) general conference. (n.d). Melali Mice. Retrieved from http://www.melali-mice.com/event-singel.php?ID=57

CONSAL. (n.d.) Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. Retrieved from CONSAL.pdf (pnm.gov.my)

Hedwig, A. (1989). The why and how of CONSAL as a regional library association. IFLA Journal.  15(3), 237. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F034003528901500310

Heirwin, M.N. (n.d). Congress of southeast asian librarians. Singapore infopedia. Retrieved from Congress of Southeast Asian Librarians | Infopedia (nlb.gov.sg)

Paul, J. (2002). 68th IFLA Council and General Conference August 18-24, 2002. Eprints. Retrieved from http://eprints.rclis.org/5059/1/CONSAL-IFLA_68th_paper.pdf

Second CONSAL XVIII executive board meeting held online. (n.d). National Library of Vietnam. Retrieved from https://nlv.gov.vn/ef/second-consal-xviii-executive-board-meeting-held-online.html

Sidek, H. F. (2009, May 2). Kitab Tawarikh 2.0: Tahniah Datuk Zawiyah Baba. Kitab Tawarikh 2.0. Retrieved July 8, 2022, from http://harithsidek.blogspot.com/2009/05/tahniah-datuk-zawiyah-baba.html

Verzosa, F.A.M. (2004). “The future of library cooperation in southeast asia”. Eprints. Retrieved from *Microsoft Word - 47C91C12-6768-28C192.rtf (rclis.org)

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From this site, I was able to obtain some information regarding INIS. For example, it mentioned about what is INIS, when was it established, the functions, the goals and the time flow on how the development of INIS has occur and become what it is today. According to the narrator in the video, he said that apart from the success of what INIS today, there are also challenges that the members of INIS went through and also many opportunities were mentioned as part of the content.

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(n.d.). YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/6969406/the-international-nuclear-information-system-iaea

(n.d.). IAEA Nuclear Energy Newsletter: May 2017. https://us11.campaign-archive.com/?u=7bd80828a9ee7dc49b3e35bab&id=7f10850e42

BIBLIOGRAPHIC UTILITY NETWORKS. (n.d.). E-LIS. Retrieved from http://eprints.rclis.org/7209/1/DAS_DUTTA_Bibliographic_Utilities.pdf

Bjerke, J. (n.d.). Only Three Percent of Companies are Self-Governing. Recruiter. Retrieved from https://www.recruiter.com/recruiting/only-three-percent-of-companies-are-self-governing/

Contact the IAEA offices worldwide and the Agency's press officers | IAEA. (n.d.). International Atomic Energy Agency. Retrieved from https://www.iaea.org/contact

Glenn T. Seaborg – Biographical - NobelPrize.org. (n.d.). Nobel Prize. Retrieved from https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1951/seaborg/biographical/

INIS Interactive Multilingual Thesaurus. (2013, September 12). BARTOC.org. Retrieved from https://bartoc.org/en/node/395

International Nuclear Information System (INIS) | MacOdrum Library. (n.d.). MacOdrum Library. Retrieved from https://library.carleton.ca/find/databases/international-nuclear-information-system-inis

Nuclear Science - United Nations Western Europe. (n.d.). UNRIC.org. Retrieved from https://unric.org/en/info-point-library/online-databases/nuclear-science/

Partners | Africa Platform. (n.d.). Africa Knowledge Platform. Retrieved from https://africa-knowledge-platform.ec.europa.eu/partners_list?order=field_country&sort=desc

PDC and IAEA collaborate to improve safety of nuclear installations. (2016, August 26). Pacific Disaster Center. Retrieved from https://www.pdc.org/pdc-and-iaea-will-collaborate-to-improve-safety/

Rashid, J. (n.d.). Elettra designated an IAEA collaborating center -- ANS / Nuclear Newswire. American Nuclear Society. https://www.ans.org/news/article-203/elettra-designated-an-iaea-collaborating-center/

The Role of the National INIS Centre and the INIS Secretariat. (n.d.). StudyLib. Retrieved from https://studylib.net/doc/5469743/the-role-of-the-national-inis-centre-and-the-inis-secreta...

Workman, R. (n.d.). Contents Nuclear Information and Knowledge Knowledge Management in Nuclear Facilities. OSTI.GOV. Retrieved from https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/servlets/purl/20858375