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Penyebab utama
1. Kemiskinan
2. Over population
3.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjX4rlMP-eg&list=PLbLm7JxAJLIA-styxAarUbG77BBk4itbw&index=7

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Understand Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure (Secondary)

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Many people are too poor to afford basic healthcare

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seperti https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6235413/buka-suara-wanita-ancam-ite-mbak-alfamart-ngaku-tak-sadar-bawa-cokelat/amp

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Tangerang -

Wanita bernama Mariana buka suara terkait kejadian di Alfamart Sampora, Cisauk, Tangerang. Mariana sebelumnya mengancam akan melaporkan pegawai Alfamart yang telah memergokinya mengambil cokelat di minimarket dengan UU ITE.

Pihak Mariana mengkuasakan kepada H Amir, mengaku tidak sadar cokelat itu ada di dalam tasnya. Menurut Amir, Mariana tidak tahu mengapa cokelat itu tiba-tiba ada di dalam tasnya.

"Kejadian ini sudah dua hari yang lalu. Nah ibu ini Ibu Mariana pergi ke Alfamart, ibu membeli sesuatu. Nah ibu tanpa sadar pemikiran banyak ada beban banyak yang harus dia pikirkan ibu tidak sadar cokelat itu ada masuk di dalam tasnya," ujar Amir saat dihubungi detikcom, Senin (15/8/2022).

Hal ini kemudian diketahui oleh pegawai Alfamart. Versi Amir, pegawai Alfamart kemudian merekam video sehingga membuat Mariana kaget.

"Tanpa sadar cokelatmya ada di tas ibu dan dia tidak tahu ada cokelat di dalam. Nah karyawan Alfamart ini juga melihat juga dan memvideolah beliau. Nah dari situ ibu kaget. Ibu kaget ini 'kenapa kamu video saya?' Petugas Alfamart ini bilang, 'Ibu ambil cokelat oh ini tiga ini,' 'iya.' Nah ibu masuklah ke dalam Alfamart," jelasnya.

Amir menjelaskan Mariana kemudian membayar cokelat yang terbawa ke dalam tasnya itu. Akan tetapi, Mariana tidak membawa pulang cokelatnya.

"Nah masuk ibu membayar itu semua dan cokelat tidak dibawa pulang, dia hanya membayar dendanya sekitar Rp 80-100 ribu," ucapnya.

Mariana mengira kejadian itu selesai sampai di situ. Namun keesokan harinya, Mariana mengetahui dari anaknya bahwa dirinya telah viral di media sosial.

"Selesailah urusan ini, ibu pulang ke toko. Nah besoknya anak dan ibu Mariana melihat di TikTok kenapa ibu viral? Anaknya ibu Mariana pergilah ke Alfamart untuk bertemu anak ini yang menyebarkan. Namun anak ini yang menyebarkan nanti sore baru masuk siang. Kembalilah lagi mereka ke toko," kaatanya.
Simak video 'Sah! Hotman Paris Jadi Kuasa Hukum Alfamart Vs Pengutil Coklat':
[Gambas:Video 20detik] Baca selengkapnya cerita Mariana di halaman selanjutnya.

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pegawai alfamart diancam pencuri cokelat

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Buka Suara, Wanita Ancam ITE Mbak Alfamart Ngaku Tak Sadar Bawa Cokelat

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Tangerang - Wanita bernama Mariana buka suara terkait kejadian di Alfamart Sampora, Cisauk, Tangerang. Mariana sebelumnya mengancam akan melaporkan pegawai Alfamart yang telah memergokinya mengambil cokelat di minimarket dengan UU ITE. Pihak Mariana mengkuasakan kepada H Amir, mengaku tidak sadar cokelat itu ada di dalam tasnya.

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2. diskriminasi antara gender, ras, kepercayaan dan kulit

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2. diskriminasi antara gender, ras, kepercayaan dan kulit

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- Inadequate funding
- Human resource deficits
- Perverse incentive structures
- Poor management
- Poor children, children with disabilities and children living in under-developed parts are at risk of school exclusion.

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Many people don't have health insurance

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Environmental factors such as pollution

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Sri Mulyani has revealed six steps to turn Indonesia into a developed nation among which include improvements in infrastructure, quality of resources, and innovation in technology.

Lack of clean and safe infrastructure [Infrastructure]

Over the past few years, the government has invested more into creating infrastructure to help control traffic. However, this isn't necessarily sustainable. Although cities have added bike paths to promote "sustainability". The paths aren't necessarily safe since the paths are small, end after short distances and are located very close to busy roads. The bike paths are also often left unregulated meaning that other vehicles such as motorcycles use the bike path to save time, making it unsafe for bikers and pedestrians.

Enhance research and upgrade industrial technologies [Innovation]

Indonesia ranks amongst the lowest in the world in research in terms of the number of studies, and number of citations carried out by international researchers on research produced by Indonesian researchers.

Access to financial services in Indonesia [Industries & Innovation]

There is a low level of financial inclusion in the capital market. In a study by Bappenas, only 13% of borrowers access credit through banks, and only 4% access loans through a variety of formal banking processes.

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Lack of mental health awareness

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Introduction:
-Grab and Gojek contributes roughly US$7 billion to Indonesia’s economy (employs at least four million workers)

Problem: Indonesia’s gig economy falling short on decent work standards

The Indonesian government has previously introduced guidelines for per-kilometer fare payments to meet minimum wage standards. Those who did earn more than the minimum wage often worked long hours, nearly 20 per cent of workers interviewed regularly worked more than 100 hours a week.

- Plagued with controversy (worker strikes and complaints, about pay and conditions)

- Workers face constant risks from accidents, scams and COVID-19-related loss of income.

- Discrimination and inequities:

challenges female gig workers in Indonesia were sometimes faced with male customers refusing to travel with them or sexually harassing them.

- Workers reported being wary of joining protests or strikes due to fears of penalties (fair representation not present)

Source of problem:

-Indonesia's Government less keen towards the guidelines for per-kilometer payments

-Women are much more likely to be victims of sexual harassment precisely because they more often than men lack power, are in more vulnerable and insecure positions, lack self confidence, or have been socialized to suffer in silence.

-Indonesia needs to improve its sector within education, therefore more Indonesian have the knowledgeable resource to obtain a fulfilling job/s and would increases Indonesia's economic growth

Solution:

-Increase wages

-Make sure all cancelation on orders has fees

-Gojek form partnerships with other brands or promotions

-Health insurance or a small percentage of primary needs covered by the company

-Legal and transparent contracts with workers and the service company

-Acknowledging labor unions law, allowing them to enter into formal negotiations with the platforms on behalf of workers to reduce the current power imbalance between
platforms and their workers.

-providing platforms with incentives to show leadership in raising work standards can affect meaningful change.

-Empower women and all!

-Customers donate money in return earing Gojek points and evaluation how the workers condition(???)

Conclusion: Worker protests, dissatisfaction and unfair treatment are detrimental for brand image and reputation at a time when platforms are seeking to engage more with corporate social responsibility in order to attract consumers and investors.

Credit: https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2022/02/03/indonesias-gig-economy-falling-short-on-decent-work-standards/https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2022/02/03/indonesias-gig-economy-falling-short-on-decent-work-standards/

Trevi Putri is a lecturer in the Department of International Relations and a researcher in the Center for Digital Society at Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia.

Richard Heeks is Professor of Digital Development in the Global Development Institute at the School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester.

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Author: Trevi Putri, Gadjah Mada University and Richard Heeks, University of Manchester

Indonesia's gig economy is dominated by two mega-platforms, Grab and Gojek. The gig economy contributes at least US$7 billion to Indonesia's economy and employs at least four million workers. The sector has been plagued with controversy, beset with worker strikes and complaints about pay and conditions. These controversies are well-founded as labour standards have consistently fallen short of decent work standards.

In December 2021, the Fairwork project released a report evaluating nine of the most prominent platforms in the country. This included car-based taxi services, motorcycle-based taxi and delivery services, and courier services. The report scored each platform against the five global principles of Fairwork - fair pay, fair conditions, fair contracts, fair management and fair representation. Indonesia's gig economy fell short across all metrics.

The Indonesian government has previously introduced guidelines for per-kilometre fare payments to meet minimum wage standards. Yet no platform studied was able to show evidence that fair pay for its workers was being provided. Once a worker's logged hours and work-related costs were taken into consideration, many did not take home a minimum wage. Those who did earn more than the minimum wage often worked long hours - nearly 20 per cent of workers interviewed regularly worked more than 100 hours a week.

Indonesia's gig workers constantly face risks from accidents, scams and COVID-19-related loss of income. Only a third of the platforms studied had sought to provide fair conditions by taking measures to protect their workers through accident insurance, emergency helplines, access to health insurance and COVID-19 sick pay.

Most of the platforms have clear and accessible terms and conditions for workers that contribute toward fair contracts. But the terms and conditions typically feature an unfair distribution of risks and liabilities, given that workers are less able than platforms to bear such burdens.

Only Grab and Gojek were awarded scores for fair management. These two platforms documented channels for communication with workers and initiatives seeking to address discrimination and inequities, including those relating to gender. This is particularly important given the challenges facing female gig workers in Indonesia - those interviewed were sometimes faced with male customers refusing to travel with them or sexually harassing them.

These problems are exacerbated by a lack of fair representation of workers across all platforms. Worker associations exist in Indonesia, but they are often locality-based and informal. They are not formally recognised in law or by the platforms, giving workers no legitimised way to express their collective concerns and to negotiate with platforms. Workers also reported being wary of joining protests or strikes due to fears of penalties. Without fair representation, the grievances expressed by workers cannot be fully addressed.

The ratings for 2021 reflect an urgent need to ensure fairness in Indonesia's gig economy. Two main actions are needed to address the substandard working conditions.

The claim that gig workers are 'independent contractors' needs to end. Gig workers are dependent on platforms for their livelihoods, and their work is directed and monitored by the platform's app. The government needs to change the law to recognise that gig workers are akin to employees, and to give them associated rights and protections. As part of this, gig worker associations must be given recognition in law as labour unions, allowing them to enter into formal negotiations with the platforms on behalf of workers to reduce the current power imbalance between platforms and their workers.

Consumers in Indonesia should be provided scores on how each platform is performing in terms of decent work standards. When selecting which platforms to use, consumers can then choose a higher-scoring platform where possible. This will help to incentivise proactive steps among the platforms to meet key metrics and exceed minimum labour standards in the gig economy. Large organisations are also encouraged to sign up to the Fairwork Pledge as a way to pressure platforms to improve.

Providing platforms with incentives to show leadership in raising work standards can affect meaningful change. Worker protests, dissatisfaction and unfair treatment are detrimental for brand image and reputation at a time when platforms are seeking to engage more with corporate social responsibility in order to attract consumers and investors.

Regulatory change and consumer pressure for improvements in gig work conditions are found in a growing number of countries around the world. With some initial signs of movement in Indonesia for legislation on gig work and the willingness of consumers to boycott brands that treat workers poorly, platforms would do well to get ahead of this wave so that they can shape, rather than be driven by, the coming changes.
Trevi Putri is a lecturer in the Department of International Relations and a researcher in the Center for Digital Society at Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia. Richard Heeks is Professor of Digital Development in the Global Development Institute at the School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester.

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Indonesia's gig economy falling short on decent work standards

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Author: Trevi Putri, Gadjah Mada University and Richard Heeks, University of Manchester Indonesia's gig economy is dominated by two mega-platforms, Grab and Gojek. The gig economy contributes at least US$7 billion to Indonesia's economy and employs at least four million workers. The sector has been plagued with controversy, beset with worker strikes and complaints about pay and conditions.