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United States vs Lopez was about whether guns should/can be allowed in school zones. Congress believed that they had the ability to decide whether they should or shouldn't be in school zones. Lopez argued it was a breach of congress's power. In the end the ruling was Congress overstepped it's power. This case shows that congress has limits on it's power and isn't unstoppable. (Scotus Cases)

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This case was about whether congress had the power to create national banks and if the state of Maryland had interfered with congress by taxing the bank. In thew end it was ruled that congress does have the power to create national banks and states don't have the power to tax them. This case is important because it determined congress had the implied power to create banks and not have them taxed by states. (scotus cases)

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The necessary and proper clause allows congress to apply their power or act in places where the constitution doesn't explicitly say they cant. This is one of the implied powers in the constitution. Implied powers mean powers that aren't directly stated but are sort of hinted at and can apply to parts of the government (constitutioncenter.org)

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The commerce clause is an agreement giving congress the ability to regulate state, interstate, and Indian tribe trading. (Constitution center.org)

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Federalism has progressed a lot. There's dual federalism, cooperative federalism, and new federalism. dual federalism is a system in which the states and national government are responsible for their own territories meaning they share power and responsibility while still staying separate. Cooperative federalism is also when power and policies is shared between national and state government but more inclusive instead of keeping it separate. New federalism is the federal government giving state and local governments some of the control. (week 3 textbook reading)

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Federalist 51 talks about the perfect mix of a balanced government and evenly distributed government. It revolves around the idea that balance in the government is key for a successful and fair one.  (week 3 textbook reading)

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The executive aka the president branch is often considered the strongest of the 3 branches. The executive branch has a lot power and a lot of power over other branches. The executive branch has the ability to veto a law that's been passed by congress, meaning that he has to fully approve before a law can be passed. (AMSCO textbook)

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The judicial branch is one of the main 3 branch in government. The judicial branch holds trials and decides whether someone should or should not be convicted/incarcerated. The judicial branch also has the ability to keep the other branches in check. The judicial branch can consider things that the president does unconstitutional and can enforce the law on them therefore removing them from office and getting them convicted. (AMSCO textbook)

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Congress is one of the three main branches of government which is also known as legislative. Congress has the power to make and pass new laws. Congress is also put in place as a way to balance out the power of the other branches. For example to prevent the president from abusing power if a president veto a law the congress has the ability to override a veto if they really want the law to be passed.  (AMSCO textbook)

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The 3/5's compromise is an agreement saying that black people's votes will count for 3/5's what a white persons vote is worth. This no longer stands now that everyone has equal rights but at the time this was very important because it was meant to appease both sides of the racial opinion division. (week 3 textbook reading)

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The electoral college is the final step in the process of choosing a president. The electoral college decides who will be the president between the two candidates chosen by the american citizens. (week  3 textbook reading)

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The great compromise provided a system in which people could get properly represented in proportion to its population. This was and still is very important in Americas government system. (week 3 textbook reading)

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Those that supported Brutus 1, aka anti-federalists, believed in smaller, more decentralized republics as opposed to those that supported the federalist 10. (unit 1 slides)

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Federalist 10 was addressing the question of whether large or small republics were better and federalists believed large republics were the better option over brutus. (unit 1 slides)

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The constitution  is the outline of the countries general guidelines and rules.It gives the country its basic moral necessities While some things in the constitution leave room for interpretation and straight up contradict themselves they are what the US government uses, and has been using to determine what is ethical and morally correct. The constitution is used to determine the outcome of trials and major decisions. (week 3 textbook reading)

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With the articles of confederation came arose. The states barely contributed money so the government couldn't pay debts or give money to programs/plans. The government also couldn't properly control trading. (week 3 textbook reading)

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The declaration of independence is the document that founded the United States. It's Americas formal claim about their independence from Britain (week 3 textbook reading)

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An elite democracy is a small minority of the economically elite that policy plan and hold the most power. This power is independent from democratic elections. (Unit 1 slides)

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A political system where there are multiple centers of power. This is what most modern governments are including the American government. (Unit 1 slides)

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A type of democracy where citizens have the power and influence to make policy decisions (Unit 1 slides)

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A social contract is an unwritten agreement between members of society to do things for the better of their community. (9/2 Declaration of Independence Ideals Worksheet)

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Republicanism is the idea of a government that uses the participation of citizens for the benefit of the community. (9/2 Declaration of Independence Ideals Worksheet)

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Popular sovereignty, which is derived from limited government, is a government based on the peoples views and wishes of the people, meant to serve the people. If the people do not agree to something the government is doing then it won't be done. (9/2 Declaration of Independence Ideals Worksheet)

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Natural rights are rights that people automatically have while being born in America. These rights are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This is derived/implied with limited government. (9/2 Declaration of Independence Ideals Worksheet)

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Limited government is the concept of government having power that's limited by law/ a set of rules (specifically the constitution) so it won't affect things like natural rights, popular sovereignty, republicanism, and social contracts (9/2 Declaration of Independence Ideals Worksheet)