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- Mexico and America
- Ended Spain’s colonialism in North America, and awarded US territory
- caused Cuba to struggle for independence from Spain
- ended when the US took control of Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and they philippines

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- Mark Twain, William James, Carl Schulz
- A group of american citizens who opposed the governments overseas expansion
- represented a strong opposition to imperialism and rose awareness. It helped shape US foreign policy.

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- a new generation of African americans moving to the north from the south
- world war 1 provoked it and went all the way through the 1920s.

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- expanding a countries power through military force
-trying to bring back together european alliances
Many countries involved in imperialism, but especially the untied states
- responsible for growing tensions between countries

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A period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States focused on defeating corruption, monopoly, and inefficiency

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The U.S. policy urged by President Taft of using private investment in other nations to promote American diplomatic goals and business interests

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The platt amendment was apart of the army appropriation bill.  The amendment was between the US and The amendment had eight conditions, the last one being that Cuba signed the treaty.  The treaty’s main goal was to protect Cuba from foreign intervention.

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The corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine.  After the  Venezuelan crisis President Roosevelt declared that the US was allowed to intervene in Latin American affairs.  If there were severe enough problems within the countries, the US could interfere.  It also stated that the US would protect Latin American countries against European nations trying to expand.

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Significant People/Groups: Woodrow Wilson, Democrats

Definition: Woodrow Wilson is a progressive democrat inaugurated in 1913 who laid four different initiatives for his administration: conversation, access to raw materials, banking and finance, and the tariff and taxes. He also reformed the nation’s banking system, regulated trade policies, and created the Federal Trade Commission. Some, especially African Americans, criticized him for letting certain bills die and for his lack of support regarding African Americans.

Significance: He created the Federal Reserve System which remains the core of the nation’s banking system today. He eventually also had the United States (where he previously focused on domestic policies) join WWI.

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The war began after Archduke Frank Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated. This caused a war across Europe. Germany wanted to break up the alliance between France and Russia. The war introduced the terrors of trench warfare and poison gas and tanks.

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Significant People/Groups: Bolsheviks/Communists, American citizens, Senate/government

Definition: After Communists seized control of Russia, some Americans feared a connection between American radicals and Russian communists. U.S. labor unions, Socialists, and Anarchists were connected to the Bolshevik Communist regime in Russia as communism spread to Hungary, Vienna, and Berlin. Many speculated it would similarly spread in the U.S.

Significance: Significant tension existed in the United States and the Senate responded by issuing an all-out effort to find radicals and the Palmer Raids which oftentimes wrongly arrested and deported anyone suspected of being a Communist.

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Significant People/Groups: Americans, Germany, Mexico

Definition: The Zimmermann Telegram was an intercepted secret German telegram cable to Mexico which promised the return of Texas to Mexico if Mexico attacked the United States.

Significance: This interception turned more of the previously reluctant American public opinion against Germany. This combined with submarine attacks led to the United States entering WWI.

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The fourteen points was a proposal made by Woodrow Wilson in a speech before Congress. He stated his vision for ending WWI in a way that prevented something like that from happening again.

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The Sedition Act was an amendment to the espionage act of 1917.  This act was put in place during wartime to limit free speech.  This limit was put in place to limit malicious writing against the government.

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A treaty signed by Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, and David Lloyd George that held Germany responsible for the war. Germany was punished by losing territory, they had to pay reparations, and were demilitarized.

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The Harlem renaissance was a period of time (1920 - 1930) in New York.  It was a time of emergence of rich African American culture and art.  Jazz was popularized and nightlife ramped up.

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Significant People/Groups: Adolf Hitler, Germans, Jews

Definition: Beginning in the 1920s the “Brown Shirts” transformed into the Nazi Party which quickly grew from street thugs to the political group which successfully elected Adolf Hitler. This group enforced Hitler’s idea of the Germans being a “master race,” ended many German freedoms (ex. Freedom of speech), ruthlessly enforced Nazi authority, and murdered millions of Jewish citizens, the disabled, and more.

Significance: As the Nazi Party grew in power so did Adolf Hitler who quickly used this newfound power to end free speech and assembly, discriminate against the Jews (ex. Kristallnacht), and eventually send Jews all over Europe to death camps. Nazi authority in Germany led to the brutal genocide known as the Holocaust, which ended in the deaths of around 6 million Jews (⅔ of the European Jew population).

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The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes, was the prosecution of a science teacher for teaching evolution in a Tennessee public school, which was illegal due to a recent bill that had passed.

Challenged the constitutionality of the bill, publicly advocated for Darwin’s theory of evolution, and enhanced the profile of the American Civil Liberties Union

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Significant People/Groups: United States citizens, economy of entire world

Definition: Many lost their life savings as they had taken out significant loans and made hefty investments into the stock market which crashed in 1929, plunging them into poverty and shattering the U.S. economy. Bank loans could not be repaid, paper money was worthless, and millions of workers were laid off not only in the U.S., but also in Japan, Chile, Great Britain, etc.

Significance: By the 1930s before the Depression even fully took hold, around 60% of American families were considered below the poverty line. To this day the Great Depression is considered one of the most desperate economic moments in American history. Banks and businesses closed, and the economy was devastated.

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The war began with the Nazi invasion of Poland. The war went on until the Allies defeated Nazi Germany, Japan, and Italy.

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A belief that the United States should keep clear of nearly all involvement with the rest of the world, stay neutral and out of any foreign wars.

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A protest movement of World War I veterans demanding early payment of service bonuses not due until 1945 to help them through the Great Depression and to provide a stimulus for the economy

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Franklin D Roosevelt’s Presidency (1933-1945)

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Franklin D Roosevelt’s Presidency (1933-1945)

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Significant People/Groups: Franklin D Roosevelt (FDR), American citizens, Democrats

Definition: Franklin D Roosevelt (Democrat) was inaugurated in 1933 during the Great Depression promising a “New Deal for the American people (New Deal - legislation aimed at ending the Great Depression).” Through a series of “fireside chats” where FDR connected with his people, bringing hope to Americans through their charisma. His New Deal permanently led to extraordinary change for Americans, providing jobs, helping Natives with their legal rights, and more.

Significance: FDR permanently changed the reach and bureaucracy of the federal government, transforming it from a smaller, less activist government to one which regularly interacted with its citizens, regularly added legislation, and more.

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The neutrality acts were passed as an attempt to keep America out of wars.  This was enforced by the banning of selling and transporting arms and other war materials with other nations

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FDR’s New Deal was a program that had three goals: relief, recovery, and reform.  The new deal was formed as a solution to help fix the economy during the Great Depression and bring it to an end.  This plan created jobs, food, and welfare.

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Goals stated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt including freedom of speech and worship, and freedom from want and fear

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- Japan, United States
- aim was to prevent the United States Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions in Asia against overseas territories.
- Japan attacked the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, killing 2,403 men and many aircrafts.
- brought the United States into world war 2

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The act set up a system allowing the US to lend or lease war supplies to any nation vital to the defense of the nation. This allowed Britain to fight Germany with the support of the US before they entered the war.

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established during World War II by President Franklin D. Roosevelt through his Executive Order 9066. It was the policy that people of Japanese descent, including U.S. citizens, would be incarcerated in isolated camps.

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The day where the Allies invaded the beaches of Normandy which weakened the strength of the Nazis significantly. The Nazis would surrender a year later.

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The Big Three agreed that Germany should be divided into four zones controlled by the US, British, French, and Soviet military forces. Berlin would be divided into four zones as well. Roosevelt wanted Soviet support in the US war against Japan.

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The Big There met in Postdam, Germany to negotiate the terms for the end of WWII. They were trying to figure out how to handle Germany and how reparations would work.