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Cause:

The economic crisis of the 1920s and 1930s was when Italian fascism emerged. There were tensions with over pay and work conditions that landowning farmers and socialist workers had conflict over. Mussolini and Fascists ideology formed street fighting groups called the blackshirts to support landowners. The fascists used fighting to gain power in the region when the government could not help the conflict. The fascists had attacked throughout the region and defeated the socialists. Mussolini's war against Ethiopia in 1935 brought race into focus as a Fascist concern.

Consequence:

When Mussolini seized power, Fascists had hoped to take over the Italian state completely. The compromises with conservatives and liberal elites put up too many obstacles for this plan to succeed. The result was that while authoritarian, it was never really totalitarian within the territory of Italy.

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Causes:  A Provisional Government was established under the liberal and social-democratic government, but the Bolsheviks refused to accept the government and revolted in October 1917, taking control of Russia. Vladimir Lenin, their leader, rose to power and governed between 1917 and 1924.

consequences :

Rule by communist parties has often led to totalitarianism, political repression, restrictions of human rights, poor economic performance, and cultural and artistic censorship.

the Soviet Union was effectively an ally of Nazi Germany in a relatively conventional European interstate war.

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Causes-

Japan did not want to be colonized like its neighbor China. They wanted to build an empire of their own. Japan had a close relationship between civilian and military authority. Japan did not put elected officials in charge of their military, instead, they gave all the power to their emperor. This allowed the military to act without answering to a civilian government. The military inspired national pride by claiming victories in wars. The lack of civilian government also meant that the military could come up with its own colonial policies. Japan had raised military power and used it for political gain.

Consequences-

Japanese expansion led to a gain in resources, but they struggled to control their new empire economically. They economic system was similar to Stalin's "controlled economy" in the Soviet Union. In both systems the state had some control over the economy in the name of national strength. The economy model started in Manchuria but quickly spread across all of Japan and its colonies. Over time the lines between state and military were completely gone. The empire, including Japan became a military state. Similar to the Nazi Germany, Japan believed in ethic and racial superiority. Similar to the Italian Fascists, the Japanese imperialists also depicted their conquests as savior missions to help "civilize" people seen as inferior.

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Appeasement- the act of no response or no force to Hitler's wrongdoings by Britain and France

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Appeasement- the act of no response or no force to Hitler's wrongdoings by Britain and France

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1. Causes-

1. Britain and France not using force or dismissing Hitler's actions when he went against the Treaty of Versailles and violated LON policies due to some believing the Treat of Versailles was unfair to Germany, and some being scared of Hitler or averting war.

2. Anglo-German Naval agreement (1935): Britain and France allowed Germany to rebuild the military after Stresa Front

2. Consequences-

1. Germany sent troops into Rhineland (1936): France lodged a complaint with the League of Nations. Britain said that it was not in a position to back France in a conflict with Germany.

2. Hitler annexing Czechoslovakia (1938): stated people were being brutalized, so he sent troops to the border who eventually invaded

3. Germany invades Denmark & Norway (1940): Germany invades in order to obtain more naval bases, and both countries were forced to surrender with no fight back from France and Britain.

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Japan bombed the United States in Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Japan had been expanding their empire for years until the Great Depression. In order to become a World Power again, Japan invaded Manchuria for its resources. The US had always been an ally to China but were avoiding war at all costs, so they did fight back against Japan rather they just denounced their actions. then in 1937 Japan attacked Nanking where they "accidentally" hit a US ship (Panaay) killing US soldiers. Due to these actions, the US began to grow aggression against Japan. In July 1941, the US used this aggression to place an embargo on oil, which would ruin Japan and stop them from taking over Asia. Japan then launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor killing around 2400 US soldiers. Following this, the US declared War on Japan.

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The Japanese invasion of Indochina was part of both WWII and the Second Sino-Japanese war. The main goal of this invasion was for Japan to prevent China from trading and working alongside France on the Kunmoing-Haiphong railway. Japan had controlled most of China at this time, so seeing France and China cooperating was a threat that Japan wanted to get rid of. However, France and Japanese has signed an agreement to avert fighting. In addition, Japan wanted to conquer much of East Asia. But the outbreak was too quick and large, therefore allowing Japan to occupy Tonkin in Indochina.

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At the beginning of 1938, Hitler had already taken Austria under his wing and Czechoslovakia was next. the Czechoslovakia government had hoped France and Britain would aid in this effort and push back against Hitler. But, British and French Prime ministers Neville Chamberlain and Edouard Daladier, were just hoping to avoid war. This then prompted them to since the Munich Pact which agreed to avert war but give Czechoslovakia to Germany. Unfortunately, this did not keep Hitler happy for long and he kept annexing land all around Europe.

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In 1936, Hitler was Chancellor of Germany and controlled the army. In March 1936, Hitler sent 20,000 troops into the Rhineland, which was agreed to be a demilitarized zone in the Treaty of Versailles.  However, Hitler saw the Rhineland as a resource due its high production of coal, steel and iron. in 1935, Hitler went against the Treaty of Versailles and conquered the Saar region, and received no consequence from Britain or France. this prompted him to then invade and take over the Rhineland and build up Germany. Hitler justified his actions by stating France was going to take it over and then invade Germany, which wasnt going to happen. Again, France and Britain did not react to the Rhineland being taken so Hitler was now well on his way to conquering all of Europe.

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After the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, Japan wanted more of China. Japan attacked Beijing, Shanghai and Nanking. This was said to be the move that sparked the Second Sino-Japanese War. China was weak at the time which made them easily exploitable and an easy target. It is stated that the invasion started at the Marco-Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, where Japan seized Beijing causing Chinese troops to open fire on Japanese troops. Japan justified their actions by stating that China was the last country un-invaded which was causing a holt on the spread of Western Imperialism.

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The Hoare-Laval Pact was a secret agreement between Italy, Britain and France made in 1935.  This pact agreed to give Abyssinia to Italy and take 66% of Abyssinia's land and give it to Italy. This pact was done secretly in order to avoid any conflict between Mussolini and Hitler. This pact was significant because it showed that Britain and France were willing to go against the League of Nations and exploit Abyssinia to protect themselves. In addition, it also allowed for Mussolini to build up his empire and acquire more power and land.

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Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) in East Africa was an independent country until Italy invaded in 1935-1936. Abyssinia was surrounded by Italian, British and French colonies, which made them an easy target for Italy. During this time Mussolini was the head of the Italian fascist government and wanted more land. In 1896, Abyssinian's defeated the Italians, which led to much tension to grow between the countries. Mussolini used this rage as a driving force to take down Abyssinia one final time. in December 1934, there was an incident at the border in Abyssinia, causing Italian and Abyssinian soldiers to clash and battle. Then in 1935 Italy and France made the Hoare-Laval Pact which built up both armies and led to the invasion in 1935. The League of Nations tried to stop Mussolini, but he was too powerful, and it was only until after the invasion where they issued Italy with a moral condemnation, but Mussolini ignored it.

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The Stresa Front was a group alliance formed in April 1935 between Britain, France, and Italy to go against the foreign policies of Hitler. More specifically, to deny any further motions to change the Treaty of Versailles to Germany. This pact did not last for long due to Britain agreeing to allow Hitler to enlarge his Navy in June 1935. This caused Britain and Italy to spread further apart, causing much tension and giving Hitler an opportunity to take more power. This pact is significant due to the fact that it was intended to prevent Hitler from becoming dictator, but it failed.

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In 1929, Japan was in the middle of a devastating economic depression, due to The Great Depression. In addition, 26 years prior, Japan had lost the Russo Japanese War against Russia. Both of these events had triggered Japan and served as driving forces for Japan to take power again. Manchuria was always rich in natural resources and land, whereas Japan was an island, with no space to expand. Japan knew the Soviet Union wasn't the best place to expand, so they invaded Manchuria by setting off an explosion that destroyed parts of a railway track in Mudken. Japan had owned this railway, but used this explosion as a way to turn the blame onto the Chinese, and then invade Manchuria. Japan had control until 1932 when the League of Nations investigated the attack and forced Japan to take all responsibility and back down from China. Therefore causing Japan to leave the LON.