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This historic Camel cigarette advertisement is an example of the Testimonial propaganda technique because it uses doctors, who are trusted and respected professionals, to persuade people to buy cigarettes. By claiming that “More doctors smoke Camels,” the ad tries to make smoking seem safe, healthy, and socially acceptable without providing actual scientific evidence.

The advertisement relies on the audience’s trust in medical experts instead of facts about the dangers of smoking. At the time, many people believed these claims because doctors were seen as highly credible figures in society. This ad demonstrates how propaganda can influence public opinion by using authority, emotional appeal, and trust to shape consumer behavior.

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The ad uses bandwagon by suggesting that many postwar radio buyers are already making the “right” choice, so the reader should follow along to avoid being left out or making a mistake. It also uses fear by giving a “warning” tone, implying that if you don’t pay attention, you could end up with a bad or outdated product. There is a plain folks appeal because it speaks in a casual, everyday way that makes the company seem relatable and trustworthy to average buyers. Overall, the ad tries to influence people by mixing social pressure with worry about making the wrong decision.

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This Lifebuoy Soap advertisement mainly embodies the "plain folks" propaganda technique because it portrays the soap as a product used by everyday ordinary people rather than celebrities and public figures that are less relatable. The ad specifically shows a large crowd of working-class and middle-class citizens (men wearing hats and women wearing everyday clothing) in an urban setting, and the main man in the front is noticeably more rugged than the rest, with his hat drooping and an exhausted look on his face. The text also appeals to average people by saying "mothers-you are 'health doctors' to your families," which depicts the soap as something that practical people use to protect their loved ones. The ad also creates a strong sense of identification by saying that "these are people just like you, facing the same everyday dangers (crowd, germs), and they choose Lifebuoy." This quote makes the ad seem more trustworthy and relatable to the average person rather than a sales pitch by a member of the elite.

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This ad uses some IPA techniques such as testimonial and gittering generalities. Testimonial can be seen through their use of putting Merilyn Monroe as a visual and having her claim her love for the product. They also use big words to give the product some class and high-end quality. Words like "Hollywood" and "Tru-Glo" are seen in bold and repeated. Both of these techniques make the ad more credible and appealing to the viewer.

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This ad for Coty cosmetics uses bandwagon to emphasize the desirableness of a woman to men to provoke feelings. The ad basically is sending a message that the most desirable woman's secret to being so pretty is the Coty face powder. This taps into women audiences' need for belonging, whether a woman wanting to be beautiful or a woman wanting men to pursue her.

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This ad uses the plain folks appeal technique by portraying “Mrs. Jones” as an everyday, relatable patriotic citizen, which helps the audience see her as someone just like themselves. By using a familiar, simple image (like a chipped teacup and an ordinary home setting), the message feels more genuine and trustworthy rather than formal or political. This makes viewers more likely to connect emotionally with her and accept the patriotic message without questioning it as much.

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This ad uses the propaganda technique of association. By showing two young children brushing their teeth together, it connects the product with innocence, health, and positive social behavior. The image suggests that using this toothpaste is not just about cleanliness, but about being happy, fresh, and socially accepted. This emotional appeal makes viewers associate the product with good habits and wholesome values, encouraging them to trust and choose it.

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Liana Antonelli- Colgate & Company Shaving Powder for Women's Use? 

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Liana Antonelli- Colgate & Company Shaving Powder for Women's Use? 

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The ad likely promoted the idea that using this shaving power would help women achieve a higher level of beauty and refinement. The mention of power and cleanliness in the text may have appealed to concerns about personal hygiene, which was a growing trend in the early 20th century. I think the image is trying to depict the image that women should be well groomed and have elegant smooth, hairless skin. The ad might have aimed to evoke emotions related to beauty, refinement and self improvement. I think the ad also played into gender norms and expectations of the time, suggesting the women should have a certain standard of appearance and grooming. Overall I think this ad was trying to encourage cleanliness and encourage women to shave and keep themselves "groomed properly."

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The ad that I found shows three young women enjoying their time during the summer. This ad uses the "plain folks" technique because the women shown in the ad are just ordinary women. This ad is meant to appeal to the average women who has thinner hair from aging or hard water. The shampoo ad claims that its product makes hair fluffy and full looking, making that look seem desirable. Additionally, these women are portrayed in an attractive light to make other women who see the ad want to have the same attractive appearance, so they will buy the shampoo that correlates to this attractiveness.

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The preservation of the Duke University Libraries Digital Collections and the Duke Digital Repository programs are supported in part by the Lowell and Eileen Aptman Digital Preservation Fund

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At summer camp or town house, whether the water is hard or soft, careful girls agree that the most easily used and effective hair cleanser is- Cant... / Ad*Access / Duke Digital Repository

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The preservation of the Duke University Libraries Digital Collections and the Duke Digital Repository programs are supported in part by the Lowell and Eileen Aptman Digital Preservation Fund

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In this flyer, advertisers as he public in which ways they want to help the country, there are only two options. I felt this was a glittering generality because it emphasized that if you cant fight you can still help one way or another, and to young men who couldn't fight this gave them hope and pride that they could still serve their country, in reality if you didnt go over seas, it was common that some people would be judgmental about that anyways.

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This ad uses the technique of "plain folk." Consumers see this ad and can relate to the concept, specifically mothers who take the position as head of household responsibilities. It plays upon a woman's level of intimacy; by using LifeBuoy soap, women will be replenished to still have time to please their husbands at night.

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The ad that I found is about everyone doing their job to keep America running in good top conditions while everyone is at war fighting for their country's sake.

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This is an ad for Palmolive soap. This ad plays into the rhetorical technique of bandwagoning by tapping into a woman's need to feel beautiful. This is an idea that society implemented that a woman must be beautiful, and have certain characteristics to be considered as so. The ad stating, 'Where Beauty Begins,' is tapping into the mindset that without this product, you may not be as beautiful. This ad also uses the technique of testimonial because it uses the well known figure Cleopatra, who is know for her extreme beauty, and exploits her for the fact that it is said she used this soap to be so beautiful.

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The Nell Brinkley Hair Wavers, a beauty product for hair. It is a metal rod in the hair with cloth holding it together. Stating the comfort appeal I feel as thought could be bandwagon. It is playing on a woman’s sense of belonging while ignoring the lack of comfort. It can be a need of some sort due to the popularity in that time to show you have wavy hair.

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"The Prettiest, Springiest, Youngest Shade" 

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In my opinion, this propaganda advertisement uses glittering generalities to promote the use of this makeup product. Words/phrases such as "portrait pink" and "look starry-eyed and young" are generalities of ideals and virtues that women in 1945 had. This advertisement is clearly dated and uses old-fashioned language and images, but the general idea behind it is similar to makeup advertisements we see today. Both ads promote youthfulness and beauty by using glittering generalities.

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This propaganda advertisement has a number of different propaganda techniques. The most noticeable one is card-stacking. They are very focused on the positives of the product, it’s almost too perfect. There is also name-calling involved. They refer to the men in the sense of having common sense and they basically belittle women in the advertisement.

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The propaganda advertisement for "Clean Mouth Taste for Hours" might be an example of card stacking. The advertisement only shows the benefits of using the toothpaste and does not tell any negative sides about chemicals or harmful effects it may have. Card stacking is a problematic form of propaganda as it can deceive one's mind by only picturing one side of something.

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Clean Mouth Taste For Hours / Ad*Access / Duke Digital Repository

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Alex Montville - Bandwagon/ Testimonial 

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Alex Montville - Bandwagon/ Testimonial 

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This ad for the car rental comapny Hertz displays testimonal device first. The writing at the top says "I am a salesman...I know". This sentence sends into the mind of the consumer that this service is trusted by people you should trust. If the salesperson is telling you to trust this company then you get the sense that there is a bandwagon effect happening too. I think that people will want to follow what the salesmen says and trust Hertz regardless of what might happen.

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This is an example of the propaganda technique known as plain folks. All of the ads for American Airlines have a sort of "Hey, have you heard?" delivery in which "average joes" are depicted doing everyday things. This relates these people to the customer, and makes it feel like American Airlines is on their side and are for the common person. This technique is effective because it makes the reader feel like American Airlines is for everyone.

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This ad about radios is a classic case of testimonial. In this ad, Santa is used as a spokesperson for a Zenith radio. Though Santa is fictional, his presence is still one that evokes a sense of nostalgia and trust, and for children, Santa is the most credible celebrity there is. This ad does a great job at evoking holiday spirit and tying that into a radio.

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This advertisement is an example of the IPA propaganda technique of plain folk as it intends to relate to a particular population, in this case, women. It even highlights the fact that the soap is the size of the woman's fingers. The message appeals to women's desire to look clean, dainty, and pure; especially because this was something valued in the old-fashioned society. Also, we can see how the advertisement is somewhat aesthetic compared to others from that time, especially as it is not overfilled with paragraphs. This helped me realize how even the visual aspect was considered in the making of this advertisement.

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This is an example of the propaganda technique flag waving, and we can see that when the description talks about the pilot being serious minded, respected, and experienced. They are connecting the pilot to this idea of this smart, responsible man so that the viewers trust this airline to fly them places. In the ad they even explained how these pilots are different than the prior pilots who flew, by describing the prior pilots as "barnstorming, stunt-flying "Birdman"". They are trying to create this picture in your head that these pilots are responsible and are going to keep you safe on your flight.

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This ad is about how Colgate softens your beard. They use a man named Confucius Pitkin to represent the brand and he talks about how his clean shave is because of the product. He is a public figure and many people know him so because he is the face of the brand, people will feel tempted to buy the product even though it might not be good. I think this ad is an example of one of the IPA propaganda techniques.

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This piece of propaganda emphasizes the need to be viewed of "pretty" and the ability to do so by purchasing the product Palmolive. This piece of media blatantly calls some women plain as well as providing the solution; their product. They use the name calling technique to make women question whether they are the "plain woman" being addressed, therefore making them more likely to buy the product for their desire of being pretty. At the bottom of the piece, they include that this was Cleopatra's form of staying beautiful and keeping her complexion bright and youthful. This piece of information is unsupported and applies to the testimonial rhetoric technique, as a popular figure in history is being tied to the product. This piece of propaganda harps on looking a certain way and using this product to obtain this look.

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This is an ad from United airlines. It talks about how much of the USA's work comes from its metals and how thats what makes it strong. This aligns itself as the "American dream" airline and uses that to position itself.

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I think this ad consists of bandwagon because it is signaling to its audience that television is the new great thing to be a part of. It even describes tv as the beginning of an astonishing age. It aims to make people feel like they would be missing out by not getting a television.

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In this advertisement, they are attempting to sell men Barbasol shaving cream. The ad implies that you don't need to fish for women with Barbasol; they come to you. This ad can be considered card stacking because the advertisers use distortion to create an unreal reality for customers. This product will not bring women to every customer as the ad implies. This technique helps sell the product because it gives men this fantasy that they will easily attract a woman. No product can guarantee a woman, and this unreal reality created through this ad is why the technique can be identified as card stacking.

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For Best Results: shave with Barbasol / Ad*Access / Duke Digital Repository

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In this advertisement, they are attempting to sell women's shampoo, curlers, and hair nets. The language used is that of Plain Folks propaganda. Phrases such as "Summer plays havoc with your hair" and “Every speck of dirt will come out” buy into a busy women’s lifestyle during the summer. Having an advertisement understand the dirt and grime of summer emphasizes the similarities the brand has with the buyers.​

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This advertisement for toothpaste is an example of bandwagon propaganda. Bandwagon propaganda aims to exploit the mentality that many people have, which is: they want to be doing what everyone else is doing. This ad is pushing the fact that women who use this specific toothpaste feel more confident in their smiles and that "millions" of people have been using it. Their hope is that if you are convinced that millions of people use this toothpaste, you will want to "jump the bandwagon" too. If millions of people bought this product and now feel more confident in themselves, it must be something really special, right?

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This was a music related ad. Seen at the mall meant to capture the attention of people within the Rhode Island area who support local artists.

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This advertisement for a brand of beauty products uses the testimonial method to help sell their products. Each of their products in this advertisement are centered around this 'Mary Garden' figure who was a famous opera singer. By attaching her name to each of these product, they are telling the buyer that they could basically be Mary Garden if the buy these products. Which if I were a fan, would be very convincing for me to buy the products.

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This advertisement I found is talking about a deodorant product for woman and are essentially shaming them into using the product. The first sign is from the title saying that women need to "face this fact". The advertisement also says that women need no longer need to offend others. This is essentially saying that it is offensive if your hygiene is not perfect. This is an example of flag-waving since the advertisement is connecting women's hygiene to a symbol of prestige, idealism, and respect.

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This advertisement used the rhetorical technique of plain folks. We see plain folks being used in propaganda when it presents an image of personal identity that emphasizes the similarities between oneself and the group being targeted. The lady represented in the ad convinces the audience to purchase the S.S White ToothPowder by being a relatable member of the community. During the Civil War many sons and husbands were on the front lines fighting for their country while the rest of the family stayed at home. Sending the soldier's care packages was something many mothers enjoyed doing. She also sells this product by explaining she is a lifetime consumer of this product and you should be too. They even claim that this toothpaste was the first tubed paste in the country. She is showing she is a caring individual by wanting the best for her grandson and son and she proves this toothpaste will keep their teeth clean, especially since this product was exclusive previously and could only be obtained by dentists. The woman in the ad gains our trust when she says "Send SS Tooth Paste often to your own boys and include an extra tube or two for some boy who has no one to look out for him". She is showing she cares and has the common goal of creating unity by coming together and supporting each other through these hard times. This piece of propaganda emphasizes the similarities between the caring mother in the ad and the American homemaker taking care of the American soilders.

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They used the rhetorical technique of Bandwagon by convincing people they need to use this product to fit in. They emphasized the popularity of this product by saying that using it will give you "beautiful hair" and make you belong. Using the picture of the beautiful woman will also convince people that they can also look like her if they use this product. This grabs the readers attention and gives them a beauty standard they will want to live up to.

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Grace McKeone - Copy In Threes/ Commitment + Consistency

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Grace McKeone - Copy In Threes/ Commitment + Consistency

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In this advertisement, it uses the rhetorical techniqes of Copy in Threes as well as Commitment and Consistency. The women in the advertisement all have beautiful hair, and the ad implies it was from the Canthrox Shampoo. Images seen in a set of three are more pleasing to the eye, and it also shows that more than one person had success with the shampoo. Another rhetorical technique it uses is Commitment. By offering a free trial, they are having you make a smaller commitment (getting the shampoo for free). You are more likely to purchase shampoo again because you already made this smaller commitment to them.

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This ad uses the propaganda term cardstacking which is: Using omission, distortion, lies, or false testimony to create an unreal reality that deceives people through the presentation of information. This advertisement shows a women using a product and claiming she looks so young and that this product changed her life. It is spreading a false testimony and lies to get people to buy the product because it is appealing at the fact women want to look beautiful. The product did not change the women's life, and it did not alter her skin they are just using propaganda technique card stacking to convince you you need ti buy it.

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This advertisement is using the bandwagon technique to catch the attention of buyers. The first sentence says "How the plainest woman can be pretty" followed by a statement saying if you follow these simple steps of washing your face you can be youthful like Cleopatra. Using that picture of Cleopatra and how beautiful she was is going to grab the viewer's attention because everyone knows who she is. Also the advertisement shows a woman with two men surrounding her, which is stating if you are pretty instead of plain you will get more suitors.

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This example of propaganda from American history is using the device of flag waving. Flag waving is the concept of "Building a symbolic connection between the authority, respect, and prestige of a particular symbol, individual, or institution to promote another person, idea, or practice." I feel like this is a good example of flag waving because the text accompanying the imagery at the top is promoting the respect Americans should have for those on duty. However, at the same time, it's tying that promotion of respect to the need for people to buy war bonds if they truly respect this duty.

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This ad uses one of the 7 techniques of propaganda; bandwagoning. I think this is a great example of this technique because it does a good job of trying to get the reader in. The goal is to get the audience to enlist in a military force whether it be the military or civilian, they want you to be just like everyone else and go fight in the war. It makes the audience feel like they need to join to be a part of something greater than themselves. The ad puts a big emphasis on "victory" and the fact that they can't do it without "YOU", which is something I have noticed within the American propaganda posters.

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This American propaganda is why America wins the olympics, this brings an idea of unity and belief that America is the best and will always win the olympics. When people see this they will have this sense of patriotism and pass it onto other Americans and then other Americans will believe this.

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This advertisement is a perfect example of the bandwagon technique. The ad states in bold letters, "Keep that schoolgirl complexion," implying that by using Palmolive, you would be able to achieve a flawless complexion. They also display a photo of Cleopatra, who believed she was a living goddess and claimed she used Palmolive 3,000 years ago to achieve her beautiful complexion. Another quote in the ad states, "Thus women prefer Palmolive for their facial soap, it is also the popular family soap of America". So now the ad reinforces that this is the soap of America and everyone uses it, so should you. Overall, this advertisement is persuading women to begin this treatment today if they want beautiful perfect skin like Cleopatra and the rest of the America who uses it.

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I think that this ad is a prime example of the bandwagon technique by promising women that if they use Palmolive soap, they will have beautiful and glowing skin that will in turn make them more attractive. For example, by saying "millions of women get their envied complexion through the use of Palmolive soap," this advertisement is telling women that if they want to be apart of this community of women with amazing skin, they need to use this soap. Anyone who reads this ad and doesn't have the soap will feel like they are missing out, which means they will be more likely to go out and buy the product so they aren't left out.

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The ad I chose is conveying the message that you should WANT to be in this war to help your country. It is an example of bandwagoning because it is making the viewer feel like they need to follow what the rest of the country is doing, or else they are not true Americans. It even says, "millions of Americans are in this war, you can get in too".

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After reviewing the images I could choose from I wanted to choose one that stood out and really spoke to me as a form of propaganda that we have discussed. I have talked about previously in other posts that I found the strategy of name dropping celebrities or referencing them was an interesting way to persuade people into a product because people are going to listen to people that influence them. So my ad is a shampoo ad from 1954 that shows a young woman with fresh clean hair and states that celebrities regularly use the product. For someone in the1950s who is unsure about their appearance this product would stand out because they would think it would make them look as good as a famous person.

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This ad I consider to be a glittering generalities example because it connects the ideas of its workers to patriotism. Transportation is not inherently patriotic but this ad connects the pride of your country to what airline you're flying. The airline itself is named American Airlines so it furthermore connects to the idea of being a proud American.

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The ad that I chose is the S.S. White Toothpaste ad. This ad mentions how this toothpaste is used by men in the Army and Navy and has caused a "splendid dental condition" as a result of it. This is an example of Bandwagon because it emphasizes the popularity of the toothpaste by stating that the U.S. Government has bought "thousands of tubes". Therefore, it creates a sense of belonging and wanting to also purchase this product. I also think this ad is an example of Testimonial as well because in the end, it says that the toothpaste was made at the request of dentists. Dentists are a credible source so it furthers the credibility of this ad.

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This American propaganda example shows the "Bandwagon" technique. It is describing why America is able to win the Olympics, and it is saying very positive things about the country. This is an example of the "Bandwagon" technique because it is spreading the idea that America is the best at something. People love to watch the Olympics and hope that America can win, so this puts the idea in people's heads that America is the best at the Olympics. This gives people a sense of belonging because they are "the best" if they are from America. They are taking an idea and spreading it while also having it reflect positively on America and its people.

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The piece of propaganda I chose for this assignment was "Im saying this for Uncle Sam!". This piece was made around 1943, just 2 years into Americas 2nd World War efforts. I think this piece can fit under Glittering generalities under the 7 propaganda devices we covered previously. I feel this way because this piece attempts to sway emotions through the use of the freedom virtue. Its literally saying, buy bonds and stamps in the US so that we can win the war, and ensure the American peoples freedom.

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The ad that I found is called "Colgate's softens the beard at the base." I saw a lot of these types of ads, but I thought that this one was interesting because they centered the ad around a guy named Confucious Pitkin. He was President of the common council, which is important because I believe that the ad is trying to use a prominent figure in the community to offer support for their product. By using a prominent figure like Confucious, they might believe that people will use the product if he supports it. That is why I believe this ad is an example of the IPA testimonial method.

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Arnette Smith: Plain Folks (student example from previous year)

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Arnette Smith: Plain Folks (student example from previous year)

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This advertisement is called "Tick! Tock! Get Ready, Get Set, Go!". This advertisement incorporates the plain folks propaganda device to appeal to house wives (the target audience) in order to promote Ivory Soap. It directly appeals to house wives by featuring one in the ad and promotes the soaps gentleness through a compliment and observation made by the husband within the ad when he "tenderly" says to his wife "darling your hands are smoother!"