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1914-1918 - The first female officers to serve with the Canadian army medical corps

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1914-1918 - The first female officers to serve with the Canadian army medical corps

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The first female officers were nicknamed “bluebirds” because of their blue and white veils they wore. In august 1914, major Margaret Macdonald received permission to enlist 100 nurses. These nurses assisted in surgery, wounds and were always ready as patients arrived by truck convoys or hospital trains. The nurses nursed soldiers through dysentery, trench fevers, pneumonia, and the influenza pandemic of 1918 (these were the illnesses that were life threatening before antibiotics were created). Sadly around 60 of the 2850 nurses died due to enemy fire, disease or drowning during the war since they were exposed to the war life.

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1916 - Women in Manitoba become the first in Canada to win the right to vote

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1916 - Women in Manitoba become the first in Canada to win the right to vote

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At the beginning of the 20th century, women were denied the right to vote in provincial and federal elections. Then, in 1916 is when the provincial elections in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta happened when women won the right to vote. BC and Ontario gave women the right to vote in 1917. Canada then gave women in the military or with male relatives fighting, the right to vote in federal elections. The Northwest Territories was the last province to grant women the right to vote in 1951, and Quebec was the last province to extend the right to vote in provincial elections for women in 1940.

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Louise Mckinney became the first woman ever elected to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. Mckinney was elected as an independent candidate in Claresholm. Both liberal and conservative parties wanted to court Mckinney as a candidate, but refused both because they took donations from liquor companies and she was very against alcohol.

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Roberta McAdams was the second woman elected to the legislative body in the British Empire. MacAdams had worked as a dietitian for a military hospital and was a lieutenant in the Canadian Army Medical Corps. Her victory of election was declared later in the year because the election of the at-large members involved an overseas vote count.

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1917 - Women On the Home Front in the First World War

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1917 - Women On the Home Front in the First World War

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The first world war is what changed the role of women in the working industry, over 30 000 women worked outside of homes because of the shortage of men going to war. This painting (left) by Manly Macdonald shows some of the first farmettes working. The farmettes learned to wear loose thin clothes or dresses as well as brimmed hats while working for long hours on hot sunny days. In 1918, 2400 women worked as farmettes and helped other fruit farmers in the Niagara Region. This painting (right) by George Reid shows women working in a factory, out of the 300,000 factory workers in war production, only 1 in 8 were women.

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Macphail was a political activist, reformer and the first woman to be elected to the house of commons. She was first an organizer with the United Farmers of Ontario before she ran for the house of commons. Timing was perfect to run in 1921, 2 years after the law was changed to allow women in Canada to run in federal elections as well as vote. Macphail was chosen and served until 1940 where she introduced Ontario's first equal pay legislations and fought for family allowance, prison reform and women's equal access to divorce.

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Cecil Smith competed in both women's singles and pairs figure skating. Smith was second five times in singles. She won 2 bronze medals in pairs, 1 in 1923 with Melville Rogers, and another in 1931 Stewart Reburn. She competed in only 1 world championship in 1930 where she won a silver medal. Smith was only 15 years old in 1924 where she was the first woman to represent Canada at an Olympic Winter Games finishing sixth in singles and seventh in pairs. Following in her mothers footsteps, Maude Delano-Osborne was the first ever Canadian tennis champion in women’s singles.

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In Canada, the BNA act used the word “persons” when referring to multiple people and “he” when referring to one person. This act stated that only a man could be a person which stopped women from participating in politics or affairs of state. In 1927 the 5 women Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Louise McKinney, Irene Parlby and Henrietta Muir Edwards would create big change for equality rights in Canada. They were journalists, politicians, reformers and activists all from Alberta who asked the supreme court questions about the sexism until 5 weeks of debating later, they finally declared that “persons” still does not include women. The famous five did not give up, and on October 18 1929, Lord Sankey Lord Chancellor of Great Britain, announced the decision of why shouldn't the word "persons" include women. Persons day is when we honour "The Famous Five" who helped women equally participate in Canada.

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Cause and Consequence - the First Female Officers to Serve with the Canadian Army Medical Corps 

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Cause and Consequence - the First Female Officers to Serve with the Canadian Army Medical Corps 

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Having women as nurses and helping the men at war was a big step since women were only expected to do everything for their husbands. There was finally an acceptance to enlist 100 women to help the men at war with their wounds and diseases which is what is going to cause this outcome. The woman were expsoed to the war life, and the consequence to that was that many women died because of getting a sickness themselves, bombing from other countries or drowning.

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Cecil was the first woman to compete at the olympic games representing canada. This shows continuity because for over a century only men’s sports were featured in the olympics. When WW1 came into play, many men had to go to war which is why this shows change since they had to add women’s sport due to the lack of men now competing. Even though women were given the right to play, men still hated that women had the feeling of empowerment and authority to have the same right of men. Women to this day continue to show their strengths when it comes to competing, just like Smith did being the first woman to represent Canada!

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Canada, Veterans Affairs. “Timeline.” Women and War - Remembering Those Who Served - Remembrance - Veterans Affairs Canada, 7 Sept. 2022, www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/those-who-served/women-veterans/timeline#fww.

Canada, Women and Gender Equality. “Government of Canada.” Women and Gender Equality Canada, / Gouvernement Du Canada, 1 Oct. 2021, women-gender-equality.canada.ca/en/commemorations-celebrations/womens-history-month/persons-day.html.

“Cecil Eustace Smith Biography, Olympic Medals, Records and Age.” Olympics.com, olympics.com/en/athletes/cecil-eustace-smith.

Femmes Et Ã‰Galitã© Des Genres, women-gender-equality.canada.ca/en/commemorations-celebrations/women-impact/politics/agnes-macphail.html.

First Woman Elected in Alberta — and the British Empire: 105 Years Ago ... calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/first-woman-elected-in-alberta-and-the-british-empire-105-years-ago-today.

Government of Canada, Status of Women Canada. “100th Anniversary of Women's First Right to Vote in Canada.” 100th Anniversary of Women's Right to Vote in Canada, 17 Jan. 2018, cfc-swc.gc.ca/commemoration/cent/index-en.html.

Heritage, Canadian. “Government of Canada.” Canada.ca, / Gouvernement Du Canada, 25 Oct. 2017, www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/rights-women.html#a2b.

“In Uniform - Nurses.” Canada and the First World War, www.warmuseum.ca/firstworldwar/history/people/in-uniform/nurses/.