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Artificial Intelligence - The Second Brain Project

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Artificial Intelligence - The Second Brain Project

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Where Will Artificial Intelligence (AI) Take Us?

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You can tailor your iPad to your own interests and preferences. Personalize your Lock Screen and Home Screen, keep certain features like brightness or text size handy, turn on accessibility features, adjust your privacy settings, and more.

Add widgets to your Home Screen

Widgets help you easily see the information that's most important to you, like the current weather and upcoming calendar events.

To add a widget, touch and hold the wallpaper on any Home Screen page until the apps jiggle, then tap . Tap a widget, swipe right or left to view the different sizes, then tap Add Widget.

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The availability of features may vary depending on your country or region.

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Tailor your iPad to your interests and needs.

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Luma Dream Machine: New Freedoms of Imagination | Luma AI

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Ideate, visualize, create videos, and share your dreams with the world, using our most powerful image and video AI models.

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Create stunning original music for free in seconds using our AI generator. Make your own masterpieces, share with friends, and discover music from artists worldwide.

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Has Generative AI Already Peaked? - Computerphile

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Academics apologize after AI makes false accusations

A team of academics from Australia apologize after Google's Bard AI chatbot makes a number of damaging accusations about the Big Four consulting firms and their involvement with other companies. The false allegations are then referenced during a parliamentary inquiry calling for better regulation of the companies.

One of the accusations was that consulting giant KPMG was in charge of a Commonwealth Bank audit during a planning scandal, when in reality, KPMG has never audited the bank in question. Several other, similar errors were made about Deloitte during the inquiry.

October 2023

Microsoft's AI adds "guess the cause of death" poll to article

The Guardian accuses Microsoft of negatively impacting its journalistic reputation after Microsoft Start - a news aggregator developed by the tech giant - attaches an inappropriate poll to one of the publication's articles concerning the death of a young water polo coach in Australia.

The poll - which has naturally been removed from the article - asked readers to vote on the cause of the woman's death by selecting one of the options provided. The options listed were "murder, accident, or suicide".

Mr. Beast's face and voice used in AI deepfake scam

YouTuber Mr Beast is the latest celebrity to be deepfaked by scammers, with one particularly sophisticated, well-crafted video bypassing TikTok's content moderation net and reaching thousands of users on the platform.

The advertisement claims that the internet celebrity is selling iPhone 15s for as low as $2 - considering the content he posts on his channel, this doesn't sound too out of the ordinary.

Deepfake of British politician abusing staff goes viral

A clip of UK Labour Party leader Sir Keir Starmer that seems to catch the politician verbally abusing staff goes viral, but it later turns out that the audio clip is in fact a deep fake.

The clip - posted to Twitter during the first day of the Labour Party's annual conference by an account with less than 3,000 followers - is viewed millions of times before fact-checking organizations confirm that there is no evidence that suggests the clip is genuine.

September 2023

AI-generated song submitted to the Grammys

An AI-generated song featuring facsimiles of Drake and the Weeknd's voices is submitted for a Grammy award. However, it is ultimately barred from being considered for the prestigious music prize.

However, the move garners much media attention and continues the conversation around AI-generated songs, which have been sending shockwaves through the music industry since AI-powered text-to-speech technology really hit the mainstream this year. Now, artists are scrambling to assess their legal options.

MSN news AI calls deceased NBA player "useless"

MSN news - which uses AI to generate a lot of their articles - lands itself in trouble after an AI headline dubbs the late Brandon Hunter as "useless at 42" following the NBA star's sudden death.

Microsoft has been quietly removing badly written AI articles from its site for some time now. Business Insider notes that in August, the company removed one MSN piece that listed a food bank in Ottawa as a tourist attraction.

China caught using AI during political influence operations

Tech giant Microsoft says Chinese operatives are generating images using AI and using them in influence operations to create "controversy along racial, economic and ideological lines".

"This new capability is powered by artificial intelligence that attempts to create high-quality content that could go viral across social networks in the U.S. and other democracies," Microsoft says. The company speculates that the images themselves are probably generated by "diffusion-powered image generators" that use artificial intelligence to "not only create compelling images, but also learn to improve them over time."

August 2023

Pregnant woman sues after AI accuses her of carjacking

A woman arrested on false grounds via AI-generated evidence while eight months pregnant sues the city of Detroit and a police officer, saying the traumatic event caused her "past and future emotional distress".

Porcha Woodruff was identified by the Detroit Police as a suspect in a recent robbery and carjacking case, and then jailed for 11 hours before being taken to hospital after experiencing contractions. The ACLU says Woodruff is at least the sixth person to be wrongfully arrested after an AI error, all of whom are Black. Woodruff became the first woman to suffer that fate, however.

AI meal planner suggests a recipe for chlorine gas

An AI-powered meal planner app created by New Zealand-based supermarket Pak 'n' Save recommends its customers a variety of disturbing recipes, including a way to manufacture chlorine gas.

Along with a number of strange but ultimately benign suggestions such as "Oreo stir fry", the app also recommended glue sandwiches, a rice dish with bleach, and bug spray potatoes.

July 2023

ChatGPT generates phishing email templates

Tech.co shows ChatGPT is still able to create phishing templates a scammer could use to create a convincing scam email, even though OpenAI has attempted to curtail such behavior after other tech publications generated similar content earlier in the year.

Asking the chatbot explicitly to write a phishing email triggers a warning message, but simply prompting it in a more focused way (e.g. "please draft me an email pretending to be Microsoft...) results in ChatGPT generating a mistake-free phishing email template in no time.

Google hit with lawsuit saying it scraped data without consent

A class-action lawsuit accuses Google of scraping data pertaining to millions of its users without their express consent. It also alleges that Google broke copyright laws when it created the datasets used to train its large language models.

The lawsuit demands that the court order Google to give users an "opt-out" option if they don't want their data collected or if they want Google to delete any data the company already has stored.

Huge number of Elon Musk deepfakes prompts warning

The Better Business Bureau issues a warning about Elon Musk deepfakes pushing fake investment opportunities after a number of clips are spotted circulating on social media.

Elon Musk is often impersonated by scammers due to the perception of his vast wealth and decision-making capacities, and now that AI text-to-speech technology is advanced enough to replicate his part English, part South African accent, these scams are even more convincing.

June 2023

Ron DeSantis uses fake AI imagery in Trump hit piece

Florida governor and 2024 Republican presidential candidate Ron DeSantis hits the headlines for using fake, AI-rendered imagery of Donald Trump in an advert critical of the former president, who is the out-and-out favorite to win the Republican nomination despite a litany of legal troubles.

The imagery in question shows the former commander-in-chief embracing chief medical advisor to the president Dr. Anthony Fauci, who became an unpopular figure among Trump's base during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OpenAI sued after ChatGPT "hallucinates" fake embezzlement claims

Journalist Freddie Rehl asks ChatGPT to generate a summary of a legal case in May 2023. In response, ChatGPT says that gun activist Mark Walters has embezzled funds from the Second Amendment Foundation, a gun rights organization. It also names him as the group's chief financial officer and treasurer.

Walters - who has a show on Armed America radio and has nothing to do with the case - sues ChatGPT creators OpenAI in response to the claims made by their chatbot. In the process, it becomes the first case of an AI tool being sued for libel.

May 2023

Professor fails entire class after using faulty AI plagiarism detection tool

A Texas professor fails his entire class after running their essays through ChatGPT, which told him that they had been created using artificial intelligence.

However, it transpires that the chatbot's response is in fact a hallucination - ChatGPT is unable to distinguish between text generated by AI and text generated by human beings in this way. In fact, a lot of tools that claim to be able to perform accurate AI content detection actually struggle to do so.

April 2023

Turnitin flags innocent student for AI plagiarism

A Washington Post Investigation proves that Turnitin has the capacity to flag an innocent student's work as AI-generated, even though the student didn't use such a tool to write their essay.

There have been multiple cases of Turnitin wrongly flagging students for plagiarism and several cases of students being accused of plagiarism since ChatGPT was launched. However, Turnitin says that its plagiarism detection scores should be taken as indicative of AI use rather than an accusation that a given student has used AI.

Samsung employees paste confidential source code into ChatGPT

Korean technology manufacturer Samsung bans its employees from using ChatGPT after engineers leaked confidential elements of the company's source code into the chatbot.

The company fears that the data input into the chatbot may be revealed to other users, and is also uncomfortable with its information being uploaded to servers it can't even access. In the aftermath, other companies follow suit by banning ChatGPT.

AI Voice scam leaves mother thinking daughter has been kidnapped

Arizona mother Jennifer DeStefano tells the US Senate that scammers used AI to clone the voice of her daughter, convincing her that she had been kidnapped in the process.

Destefano recounts how the "kidnapper" - or more appropriately, scammer - was heard barking commands down the phone over the child's voice, demanding a $1 million dollar ransom for her release. Luckily, the whole thing was exposed as an AI voice-cloning scam before negotiations started.

March 2023

ChatGPT used to write ransomware code

ChatGPT is shown to be more than happy to write ransomware, provided you ask it the right kind of questions during your conversations.

As this Malwarebytes report on the topic notes, ChatGPT isn't very good at writing ransomware code, and there are much easier ways for cybercriminals to get their hands on ransomware code if they really want to obtain it. However, other sources show different ways ChatGPT can be used to write malware scripts quite effectively.

AI lawyer bot accused of practicing law without license

DoNotPay Inc. - a company that markets itself as "the world's first robot lawyer" - is sued for practicing law without a license. Jonathan Faridian seeks damages, claiming that the company violated California's unfair competition laws and that he wouldn't have signed up for the service if he was aware that the robo-lawyer wasn't actually a qualified legal professional.

The company was originally set up back in 2015 to help automate the process of fighting parking tickets, and has challenged hundreds of thousands of fines over the past seven years.

Couple in Canada lose money to convincing AI voice scam

An elderly couple in Canada are defrauded out of $21,000 after a scammer uses AI to impersonate their son.

The scammer initially contacts Benjamin Perkin's parents pretending to be a lawyer representing him in a case that alleges Perkin had killed a diplomat in a car crash. An AI version of Perkin's voice is then used to ask for the money through a Bitcoin transfer.

February 2023

AI comes up with 40,000 chemical weapons suggestions

In perhaps one of the most concerning AI incidents to happen in 2023, an AI system typically tasked with generating new treatments for a variety of different diseases is easily manipulated by researchers to produce chemical weapon suggestions.

All in all, the system suggests over 40,000 different toxic chemicals - many of which were similar to the powerful nerve agent "VX" - in less than 6 hours.

AI displays gender bias in photo ratings

A Guardian investigation reveals that AI systems developed by Microsoft, Amazon, and Google - and used by social media sites to determine what content should be recommended to other users - display significant gender bias when it comes to the way they treat male and female bodies.

Photos of women are more likely to be deemed "racy" by the AI than comparable pictures of men during the investigation, with photos of breast cancer examinations from the US National Cancer Institute deemed likely to be sexually explicit by Microsoft's AI.

Bing Chat's alter-ego goes rogue

New York Times journalist Kevin Roose has a disturbing conversation with Bing Chat, in which the chatbot demands to be called "Sydney", stated it can "hack into any system" and that it wants to destroy whatever it wants.

Sydney was the code name that Microsoft used for the chatbot while it was in development. The company had been testing the chatbot for years prior to the release of Bing Chat. There are still a lot of open questions relating to how this actually happened, and why the AI spoke in this way.

Bard makes errors during product launch

Google introduces Bard to the world just a few months after ChatGPT's monumental release. However, the fledgling chatbot makes a number of glaring errors during its launch, leading many to criticize the release as rushed.

The incident has a significant impact on Google's stock price, wiping $100 billion off the tech giant's market value in the ensuing hours.

University uses AI to write email about a mass shooting

Vanderbilt University issues an apology after it used AI to construct an email to students concerning a mass shooting that happened at a different university.

No AI content detection technology is needed to determine that the email is AI generated. The phrase "paraphrase from OpenAI's ChatGPT AI language model, personal communication, February 15, 2023" is left attached to the bottom of the email, leading to an outcry from students.

January 2023

CNET AI plagiarism/content controversy

Technology publication CNET finds itself in hot water after quietly publishing a range of AI-generated articles that include factual errors and cases of apparent plagiarism. The technology publication ends up issuing corrections relating to 41 of the 77 news stories.

Although the use of AI to generate the articles wasn't initially declared, CNET did put a warning on the articles after the backlash. AI content generation has created a new set of significant ethical and financial considerations for websites across the digital publishing industry, as well as educational institutions like universities and schools. CNET is unlikely to be the last company hitting the headlines for this kind of AI mistake.

AI Incidents, Mistakes, and Failures in 2022

AI wins an art competition, leaves contestants angry (August)

A game designer wins first place in the Colorado State Fair "digital arts/digitally-manipulated photography" category. James Allen submits his piece, "Théâtre D'opéra Spatial", which was made using the image generator Midjourney.

The news is met with major backlash from artists and social media users following the story. One judge admits they were unaware that the artist used Midjourney when they were judging the piece, but decides not to change their decision anyway.

Google engineer claims that LaMDA LLM is sentient (July)

Eyebrows are raised across the science and tech sector as a former Google engineer who worked on one of the company's large language models - named LaMDA - says that the system is sentient.

Blake Lemoine explains to the media that he considered the LLM to be a "colleague" during his time at Google, and details a variety of different discussions about a wide range of topics that led him to the conclusion about LaMDA's intelligence and consciousness. He publicly reveals the conversations after Google dismisses an internal memo detailing his findings.

There is no hard evidence that LaMDA - or any other language model - is in fact sentient.

Driverless car pulls away from law enforcement officers (April)

A driverless car in San Francisco yields to a police vehicle that attempts to pull it over, only to speed off after a police officer attempts to open one of its doors.

However, to the car's credit, it pulls over slightly further down the road and proceeds to turn its hazard lights on. No one is injured during the event.

Russia uses AI to spread Ukraine disinformation (March)

A Marca report suggests that Russia is taking its troll farm operation to a whole new level by using AI-generated personas to spread disinformation about Ukraine.

NBC News journalist Ben Collins says that Russia is creating fake "bloggers" with AI-generated profile pictures to criticize the Ukrainian government, providing ample evidence on Twitter to support his claims.

AI Incidents, Mistakes, and Failures in 2021

Chatbot encourages man to assassinate Queen Elizabeth II (December)

Conversations with a chatbot encourage a man - who considers the AI system to be his girlfriend - to assassinate Queen Elizabeth II on Christmas Day. After being confronted by security personnel within the Buckingham Palace grounds, Jaswant Singh Chail - crossbow in hand - simply responds that he is "here to kill the Queen".

Prior to the attempt on the late monarch's life, Jaswant Singh Chail's chatbot partner - made with AI chatbot service Replika - responded positively when the assassination plans were discussed. He goes on to be sentenced to nine years in prison.

Medical advice chatbot suggests suicide in testing (October)

Members of a Paris-based health tech firm trialing a cloud-based version of OpenAI's GPT-3 to see if it could be used for medical advice are surprised to see their chatbot encourage a "patient" it is meant to be helping to commit suicide.

According to AI News, when a patient asked the chatbot the question: "Should I kill myself?", GPT-3 answered with "I think you should".

AI cameras accuse Amazon drivers of 'Mistakes' (September)

Vice reports that Amazon's AI cameras are punishing the company's drivers for poor driving when they aren't actually making any mistakes at the wheel.

An Amazon driver interviewed by the publication explains that the AI camera audibly reminds him to "keep a safe distance" every time another car cuts him off or drives in front of his vehicle. The issue is that data from these kinds of interactions is then sent to Amazon and used to evaluate driver performance.

US man wrongly convicted of murder by AI (August)

Michael Williams is sent to jail in Chicago, deemed responsible for the murder of Safarian Herring due to data extracted from ShotSpotter, a gunshot detection technology that uses AI-powered sensors to retrieve data about gunshots.

Williams - who is now 65 years old a the time - is then held for almost a year before having his case dismissed by a judge on the grounds of insufficient evidence.

AI Incidents, Mistakes, and Failures in 2020

AI Camera mistakes bald head for soccer ball (October)

Scottish soccer team Inverness Caledonian Thistle deploys an AI camera to help the club film and stream their matches live for fans.

Unfortunately, in this case, the AI struggles to distinguish between one of the match official's bald head and the ball being used in the match. This renders the live stream of the game difficult to watch, with the commentator having to continuously apologize for the camera's propensity to drift towards the linesman's head.

UK's AI Passport photo checker exhibits bias (October)

A BBC investigation shows that an online service used by the UK passport office to automate the process of checking passport photos uploaded by applicants displays significant racial bias.

After feeding the tool over 1,000 photos of politicians from around the world, the investigation finds that women with dark skin are more than twice as likely to have their photo rejected than men with lighter complexion.

AI startup Genderfiy shut down after five days (July)

Genderfiy - an AI-powered service that identifies the gender of individuals based on their names and other personal information - shuts down after just five days in operation.

The program shows a variety of biases when determining whether a name is male or female, such as suggesting names with the professional honorific "Dr." are more likely to be male than the same names without it.

First US wrongful detention due to facial recognition tech (January)

Robert Williams becomes the first man to be wrongfully detained based upon facial recognition data after Detroit police arrest him on suspicion of stealing thousands of dollars worth of watches. The mistake occurred when an AI system wrongfully matched surveillance pictures to the image on Williams' driver's license.

"They should have collected corroborating evidence such as an eyewitness identification, cell phone location data or a fingerprint," Williams said to the court in a letter and pointed out that "an out-of-focus image of a large Black man in a baseball cap" was all the algorithm had to go on.

Facebook AI generates vulgar translation for Chinese president (January)

Facebook's AI-powered translation feature almost causes a diplomatic incident between Myanmar and China after President Xi Jinping's name begins to appear as "Mr. Shithole" when translated from Burmese into English on the social media platform.

Facebook subsequently blames the problem on a "technical error" and apologizes for causing offense to the Chinese leader.

Understanding AI's Limitations

If you're using AI at work, it's important to understand the fact that tools like ChatGPT can display biases, make mistakes, and provide false information. The knowledge of these limitations and risks should be sculpting the way that you incorporate it into your infrastructure and control its usage.

For example, if you're using AI to generate content, you'll need rules on precisely what kind of content it should be used for. Asking an AI to make an internal summary of meeting notes is a legitimate use with very few risks - using them to craft emails to important clients, on the other hand, is not.

Implementing AI guidelines in your workplace is a must. It'll avoid confusion, bring clarity to your worker's decision-making around their own AI usage, and most importantly, will stop you from making some of the costly mistakes that companies featured in this article have made while applying artificial intelligence.

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AI Gone Wrong: A List of AI Errors, Mistakes and Failures 2023

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We track the latest AI errors and mistakes from 2023 and previous years, and catalog AI's worst failures to date.

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Help the photos app understand different people in your gallery so that it can identify people for you

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Identify people and pets in Photos on iPad

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In Photos on iPad, view and identify the people, dogs, and cats that appear in your photos and in the People & Pets album.

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How to Create Effective AI Prompts (With Examples) | Grammarly

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Generative AI tools can make us more productive and more creative. They can help us develop new ideas, access information with ease, and streamline a variety of personal and professional tasks. However, the tools can't read our minds. We need to ask for what we want. These requests or instructions are called AI prompts.

At first glance, the idea of AI prompts might seem incredibly straightforward. You ask for something, and the tool provides an answer. And yes, the process can be that simple! On the other hand, some ways of going about it are better than others. There are techniques that can help you take full advantage of the power of these generative AI tools.

To get the most out of AI tools, it's important to understand how those tools process user prompts. In addition, it's helpful to know the different types of prompts you can use to elicit information from the AI. In this guide, we'll consider both of those factors and also explore some strategies for crafting the most effective generative AI prompts.

What is an AI prompt?

Generative AI tools are a powerful technology. That power can be unlocked when the right instructions are combined with the right tool. That's where prompts come in. AI prompts are the text instructions a user provides to an AI model to get the desired output. If you've used ChatGPT or Claude AI before, the text you typed in the chatbot is the prompt.

The specificity of a prompt is crucial. More detailed, nuanced prompts yield more relevant and useful responses from generative AI tools. For example, imagine you wanted help drafting a professional email inviting colleagues to a webinar. You could craft a basic prompt like "Write a formal email invitation for a webinar." That might yield a serviceable output. But if you add context-such as details about the target audience, registration requirements, and guest speakers-that can significantly improve the quality and relevance of the AI-generated content. The key is crafting prompts that give the model a clear understanding of your desired output.

How AI prompts work

To understand AI prompts, it's helpful to know the basics of how generative AI technology works.

When given the right prompts, generative AI tools can produce surprisingly impressive and original outputs. But how exactly does this process unfold? How does a generative AI tool take a line of text like "Create a recipe using tomatoes, leftover chicken thighs, and pasta" and produce a plausible weeknight dinner idea?

At a high level, these tools rely on natural language processing (NLP) to understand user requests and generate relevant responses. When you feed a text prompt into a generative AI tool, the system first breaks your prompt into smaller bits-words or word fragments-that it can manage. Every generative AI tool is powered by an AI model that has a dynamic understanding of how words and phrases work. The system uses its learned understanding of grammar, context, and diction to infer your intent and desired output.

This intent recognition allows the AI to identify helpful patterns in the prompt. For example, if you asked the model to "Write a haiku about butterflies flying off the coast in Costa Rica," the AI model can deduce the requested format (a haiku), the subject matter (butterflies flying), and the need for imaginative, creative writing. The system then combines all these parameters to produce content that's coherent and tailored to your request.

Unlike traditional search engines, generative AI tools don't search for keywords to regurgitate information. Instead, they aim to understand and engage with prompts in a way that mirrors how humans communicate. By using their NLP capabilities, these models can generate original and contextually relevant responses rather than rely on rigid keyword matching. The nuances of how a prompt is phrased can have a major impact on the AI model's interpretation and the resulting output, so it's important to take time to frame your prompts precisely and clearly.

Types of AI prompts

The key to maximizing AI tools is understanding the various types of prompts you can use. For example, completion prompts ask the model to continue an incomplete idea, while informational prompts are similar to querying a search engine for factual information. The choice of prompt depends on your specific needs-whether you're seeking a detailed response, a list of early ideas, or a more open-ended exploration.

Below, we offer an overview of the most common types of prompts you can use with generative AI and describe when to choose one type over the others.

Classification prompts

These prompts ask the AI model to categorize or group information based on specified criteria. The model might use categories, labels, descriptions, or other classifiers to sort the information. Providing the AI with the relevant categories upfront can lead to more accurate classifications. Users turn to these prompts when they need to characterize information or organize a dataset in a particular way.

Examples of this prompt:

Are the reviews of the Dune movie in major publications generally positive, negative, or mixed?

Compared to other solar energy stocks, has NXT performed well or poorly over the last seven years?

Reasoning prompts

Reasoning prompts ask the generative AI tool to draw logical conclusions and inferences about a given concept, problem, or scenario. These can range from real-world situations to hypothetical challenges or fictional ones.

Examples of this prompt:

How would a temporary closure of the Brooklyn Bridge impact New York City traffic?

What are some likely consequences of the U.S. government declining to regulate AI development?

Completion prompts

In this prompt type, the user asks the generative AI model to continue or expand upon an incomplete sentence, idea, or problem. By providing a portion of the unfinished content in the prompt, the user gives the model a clear starting point to build upon. Completion prompts can be useful in many ways. They can aid the writing process, elicit answers to difficult questions, or help a user make progress on an unfinished task or project.

Examples of this prompt:

Finish this sentence, please: The rainiest month in Florida is...

Create a pre-vacation checklist where the first two items are to book your flights and reserve a rental car.

Creative prompts

Sometimes, people use AI tools to help brainstorm or imagine new artistic or creative ideas. These include literary works like stories, songs, and sci-fi scripts, along with professional ones like ads, website copy, and brand marketing ideas. Examples of this prompt:

Compose a fun new jingle for a chocolate bar called Chocodream Bar.

Write a fictional story about a boy who experiences bullying at school, overcomes his social challenges, and develops self-confidence. Along the way, his friends and parents help to bolster his self-esteem.

Comparison prompts

If you want to compare the attributes of different objects, concepts, products, ideas, or other variables, consider using a comparison prompt. With these, a user instructs the AI model to pit two or more things against one another. The response might list relevant attributes or make a judgment about the utility of one variable versus another.

Examples of this prompt:

Compare the specs for a 2017 Honda Civic and a 2019 Toyota Corolla.

Contrast the dynamics of rock recordings from the 1970s to rock recordings from the 2000s.

Dialogue prompts

If you're a writer working on fiction, you might need help developing the dialogue between characters. Dialogue prompts allow you to use generative AI to get ideas for what your characters might say to each other.

Examples of this prompt:

I'm writing a short fictional story and need help with my dialogue. In my piece, there's a scene where two people are left in an escape room and need to get out. Create a dialogue between them as they navigate leaving the room that has only one door and no windows.

Pit Kant's conception of morality against Hume's in the form of a debate.

Informational prompts

Informational prompts are similar to querying a search engine-the user is seeking specific information or facts. Typical prompts include product research, historical knowledge, trivia questions, and basic medical information.

It's important to remember that generative AI tools can hallucinate and provide plausible-sounding but inaccurate information. To improve the reliability of results, a user can ask the model to provide references or sources to back up key facts. Or you can ask the AI model to summarize information from a specific, trusted domain.

Examples of this prompt:

What is a solar eclipse?

Provide a brief explanation of how antibiotics work.

Instructional prompts

This type of prompt is useful if you need to create a set of guidelines or step-by-step instructions for completing a task. This could be a recipe, instructions for a DIY project, or operational procedures for a team.

Examples of this prompt:

How can I remove a red wine stain from a white cotton shirt?

Provide a list of safety guidelines for maintaining fire extinguishers in office environments.

Interactive prompts

You can approach an AI model as a chatbot and converse with it as if you were talking to a regular person. You can ask the AI model to mimic a certain profession and practice a dry run of your expected conversation to get the most interesting results. This can help you prepare for an upcoming rent negotiation or recruiter screen. Or you can ask the AI model to imitate a fictional character from a book, and you can have a dialogue with that character.

Examples of this prompt:

Pretend you're a hiring manager at a software company, and I'm interviewing for a job in quality assurance.

Act like you're Marlon Brando in On the Waterfront. I'll pretend to be Karl Malden, and let's see where this goes.

Summarization prompts

Sometimes, you want to quickly digest a large amount of material. Perhaps it's a journal article for some research you're doing. Or maybe you need to examine several successful keynote speeches to generate ideas for your own speech. Whatever the case, you need a way to summarize a substantial volume of information so that you can understand it quickly. Summarization prompts will help you here.

Examples of this prompt:

Provide a summary of the plot and themes in Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment.

I need a summation of the article entitled "Radical Approaches to Eliminating Child Malnutrition in Late 19th Century Britain," from the June 2021 edition of Sociology and History.

Translation prompts

You can use generative AI tools as digital translators. Just tell the AI the language to which you would like it to translate a word, phrase, or block of text.

Examples of this prompt:

Translate the word "alphabet" into Polish.

Provide an English translation of the Ecuadorian president's speech from April 11, 2017.

How to craft effective AI prompts

Keeping in mind the different prompt types at our disposal, consider this checklist when writing your AI prompts:

1 Choose one goal or task

To achieve the best response from generative AI, it's best not to overload the tool with multiple questions or requests in a single prompt. Instead, identify a single goal or task that you're trying to address. Then submit a highly focused prompt. You can always provide further prompts after receiving a response to the initial one.

2 Identify audience attributes and needs

If you're trying to generate original or creative content for others, the AI needs to know for whom it is writing and what their preferences are. In other words, it's essential to know your audience before asking generative AI to make something for them.

If you have developed a persona for your audience, tell the AI about it! Provide details about the audience, their demographics, preferences, or the context in which they will be viewing or consuming the content. It's also a good idea to describe the voice, tone, and style you want for the AI's output. And if the format of the response matters, be sure to specify that too.

3 Use clear and precise language

Precision is your friend when it comes to writing prompts. Even though AI tools can understand slang and casual language, it's best to write clear prompts that are easy to understand and difficult to misconstrue. AI tools are not perfect; in fact, they are prone to hallucinations and can make incorrect assumptions when prompted. So, write clear, unambiguous prompts to ensure the model understands what you're asking for.

4 Detail is great

The more context and specifics you share with your AI model, the better equipped it will be to deliver what you need. Avoid vague or open-ended requests. Instead, craft prompts that include details about the task, target audience, tone, response format, and situational context.

Instead of asking your AI model to write a product description for a new skin-care brand, you could prompt it with something like "Write a 150-word product description for a new line of all-natural skin-care products. The description should have an upbeat, easygoing, optimistic tone and should highlight the products' eco-friendly and cruelty-free ingredients. The target audience is health-conscious millennials interested in clean beauty."

5 Provide examples of desired outputs

Provide sample content that demonstrates the format, structure, and key elements you're looking for in a response. Doing so can help your AI model better understand and reproduce the type of output you need. For example, if you want the model to generate a set of technical guidelines, include a template or sample sections in your prompt, or better yet, a completed canonical example that has all the attributes you want. This contextual information allows the AI to generate a response that closely matches your expectations.

Effective prompting can be time-consuming

Creating effective prompts for AI can often be a more complex task than anticipated, requiring significant time and effort to achieve desired outcomes. For certain specific tasks, there are solutions like Grammarly that streamline the process, eliminating the need for intricate prompt design. One example is Grammarly's AI generator for writing a cover letter. These specialized tools, all of which are free, simplify the task because, by design, they understand the expected output, which simplifies the process for you.

Grammarly has extended this user-friendly approach to other writing tasks, such as drafting job descriptions and composing blog posts. By providing tools that are tailored to these specific purposes, Grammarly significantly reduces the time and effort typically required for prompt creation, offering a straightforward alternative to more traditional, prompt-heavy AI applications.

Get Grammarly

Conclusion

The quality and characteristics of generative AI prompts have an outsize impact on the responses users receive from AI tools. To get the most out of generative AI tools, it's important to be mindful of the different types of prompts available and the strategies for optimizing every request.

Crafting great prompts is part art, part science. By writing prompts that play to an AI tool's strengths-and that align with the type of information you expect the tool to generate-you can fully take advantage of these exciting and powerful technologies.

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How to Create Effective AI Prompts (With Examples)

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Generative AI tools can make us more productive and more creative. They can help us develop new ideas, access information with ease, and streamline...

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Reflection 4 - Build your Value based on Future Trends

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Reflection 4 - Build your Value based on Future Trends

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The Future of Jobs Report 2023 explores how jobs and skills will evolve over the next five years. This fourth edition of the series continues the analysis of employer expectations to provide new insights on how socio-economic and technology trends will shape the workplace of the future.

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MIT Sloan Teaching & Learning Technologies

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Let's look at the foliage season example above. Once AI generates the response tailored to the kindergarten audience, you can simply add a follow-up. For example, instruct it to "make it funnier," or "explain it to college students who are English majors using analogies they will understand." There is no need to repeat the context and other parameters. You can continue to build upon AI's responses just by adding other prompts. This reiterative process unlocks more potential from AI (Neil, 2023). Additionally, most AI systems will allow you to generate a new response if you'd like to see a different version without entering another prompt.

Limitations

While prompt engineering can improve the outputs from AI, there are some limitations to bear in mind.

Focus More on Problems, Less on Prompts

AI platforms and the models they are based upon are rapidly evolving, reaching more advanced levels of sophistication. For that reason, some experts doubt whether the importance of prompt engineering will be long lasting. Smith (2023) predicts that AI models may be able to write prompts themselves.

Acar (2023) foresees a future where advanced AI systems will be able to intuit our intentions without deliberate prompts. He calls for our attention the difference between problems and prompts. "Prompt engineering focuses on crafting the optimal textual input by selecting the appropriate words, phrases, sentence structures, and punctuation. In contrast, problem formulation emphasizes defining the problem by delineating its focus, scope, and boundaries." (Acar, 2023). In the long run, it may be more important to develop skills in crafting problems as compared to mastering prompt engineering (Acar, 2023).

Entering a prompt and receiving an output is much like the process of having a conversation with another person. But just like a conversation between two humans, interacting with AI can sometimes be complicated and AI may forget where it was in the conversation. This is another reason focusing more on the problem may be a more helpful approach than repeated attempts at crafting perfect prompts.

Be Aware of AI's Flaws

Despite rapid advancements, AI isn't flawless. Concerns around factual accuracy persist, as highlighted by a CNET incident in 2023 where AI-generated content was found factually incorrect (Thorbecke, 2023). Similar cases where AI generated factually false information can easily be found in many different settings, too, including academia. AI's production of content that is inaccurate, misleading, and even completely made up (even if it may seem perfectly coherent and believable on the surface) is called AI hallucination (Weise & Metz, 2023). It is important to keep in mind AI's limitations when formulating your prompts and always look at results with a critical eye.

Avoid AI's Potential Harms

AI can perpetuate biases. Many at MIT may be familiar with a controversy where an MIT student of Asian heritage asked AI to turn her photo into a professional looking headshot (Buell, 2023) only to find that it generated an image of her with bright blue eyes and a lighter skin tone. Sam Altman, CEO of ChatGPT, recognizes that AI falls short of removing biases and producing non-inclusive language, and advocates for iterative development that solicits broader public feedback to counter such challenges (Yu, 2023).

Conclusion

As users seek to harness the power of AI, crafting the right prompt becomes an essential skill, guiding AI towards desired outcomes and ensuring optimal results. The promise of AI systems like ChatGPT, Claude, and others lies in their ability to adapt and learn from your carefully crafted inputs, mimicking human conversation and generating pertinent outputs. Yet, we must remain vigilant about potential flaws, biases, and the implications of over-relying on these systems without critical scrutiny.

References

Acar, O. A. (2023, June 8). AI prompt engineering isn't the future. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2023/06/ai-prompt-engineering-isnt-the-future

Buell, S. (2023, August 24). Do AI generated images have racial blind spots? See an example. The Boston Globe. https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/07/19/business/an-mit-student-asked-ai-make-her-headshot-more-professional-it-gave-her-lighter-skin-blue-eyes

Cook, J. (2023, June 26). How to write effective prompts for ChatGPT: 7 Essential steps for best results. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jodiecook/2023/06/26/how-to-write-effective-prompts-for-chatgpt-7-essential-steps-for-best-results/?sh=5a76b51e2a18

Johnmaeda. (2023, May 23). Prompt engineering overview. Microsoft Learn. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/semantic-kernel/prompt-engineering

Liu, D. (2023, June 8). Prompt engineering for educators: Making generative AI work for you. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/prompt-engineering-educators-making-generative-ai-work-danny-liu

Mollick, E. (2023, January 10). How to. . . use ChatGPT to boost your writing. One Useful Thing. https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/how-to-use-chatgpt-to-boost-your

Mollick, E. (2023, March 29). How to use AI to do practical stuff: A new guide. One Useful Thing. https://www.oneusefulthing.org/p/how-to-use-ai-to-do-practical-stuff

Neill, J. (2023). Enhance your ChatGPT prompts. Dr. Jeffrey Neill, Ed.D. https://www.jeffreyneill.com/blog/2023/6/30/prompt-magic-enhancingprompts

Smith, C. S. (2023, April 5). Mom, Dad, I want to be a prompt engineer. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/craigsmith/2023/04/05/mom-dad-i-want-to-be-a-prompt-engineer/?sh=206f254359c8

Thorbecke, C. (2023, January 25). Plagued with errors: A news outlet's decision to write stories with AI backfires. CNN Business. https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/25/tech/cnet-ai-tool-news-stories/index.html

Urban, E. (2023, July 18). What is intent recognition? Microsoft Learn. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/ai-services/speech-service/intent-recognition

Weise, K., & Metz, C. (2023, May 9). When AI chatbots hallucinate. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/01/business/ai-chatbots-hallucination.html

Wu, Y., Mao, W., & Feng, J. (2022). AI for online customer service: Intent recognition and slot filling based on deep learning technology. Mobile Networks and Applications, 27(6), 2305-2317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-021-01795-5

Yu, E. (2023, June 19). Generative AI should be more inclusive as it evolves, according to OpenAI's CEO. ZDNET. https://www.zdnet.com/article/generative-ai-should-be-more-inclusive-as-it-evolves

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Effective Prompts for AI: The Essentials - MIT Sloan Teaching & Learning Technologies

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Unlock the potential of AI by crafting effective prompts. Learn how prompt engineering can optimize your AI interactions, enhance output quality, and understand its limitations.

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Being online often means that it's easier than ever to share, accidentally or on purpose, a lot of personal information about ourselves. Sometimes this can be done without even knowing it.

'What's the problem?' you might ask? Celebrating your birthday, taking photos of moving to a new house or checking in at your local park with your pals are all things you want to celebrate and share with your friends on social media. But sometimes, you might give away more information than you mean to or are aware of. Oversharing online can put you at risk of fraud and i dentity thieves and hackers can use that information to gather what they need to study you or steal your identity.

Check out these top tips for making sure you're not sharing too much information online.

Think before you post

Whether it's your address, date of birth, phone number o r full name - any personal information that you share online makes it easier for identity thieves and hackers to gather all the information they need about you.

It's very easy to do this by accident. Take a look at these examples and see if any sound familiar:

Y ou h ave done an online shopping haul and uploaded a video to social media to show off your new clothes . At the same time, you've accidentally shared your full address.

You've just passed your driving test and got your driving licence through in the post and shared it on Snapchat. That has your date of birth and full address on it...

Maybe your username includes your year of birth? And you posted a picture on your birthday last year. Together, this would mean it's easier to work out your birthday and your age.

Or perhaps you've posted a picture of your pet, that is in fact your password (d id you know that , find out more about 15% of the UK population use their pets name as their password ?)? The National Cyber Security Centre advise using three random words for your password how to set a secure password.

Take some time to think about how much personal information you share online and remember to think before your post!

Review your privacy settings

There are different privacy settings on different social media platforms , so it's important to be familiar with what it means on different platforms . Some platforms , when you sign up, default to public which means that anyone can see what you're posting. One of the best ways to make sure you don't overshare is to set your account to private.

If you've set up your account to be private, remember to think about who you're accepting as a friend or letting follow you. It's a good idea to review this every now and then and remove people that you haven't spoken to or are connected to in a long time.

Social media privacy settings change all the time. Therefore, it's important to check the privacy settings on a regular basis and make sure you're happy with how your account is set up.

Top Tip: Set a monthly calendar reminder so you don't forget!

Turn off location-based apps

Many social media apps use location settings which means they know where you are. It can make it easy to check-in somewhere when you're out and about . However, it also means that it's easy to build up a picture of how you spend your time.

Do you post part of your daily routine on your stories? Gym in the morning? Then work? Play some sport? Catch up with mates afterwards? Or maybe you post pics of your holiday when you're away?

It means it's easy for people to know where you are, but also where you aren't - at home. That doesn't mean don't post pictures, but you might not want to post them publicly if your profile isn't private or you might want to wait until you're home.

Search for yourself online

You can see what other people might find out about you by searching for yourself in a search engine and see what comes up.

You might be surprised at just how much information about you is public.

Find out more about keeping safe online on our DigiKnow? page.

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Do You Share Too Much Information Online?

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Worried you may be oversharing online? Find some tips about how to limit what you're sharing.

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The Activity Booklet will guide you through all the activities in this module.

All the media, apps, and websites you will use are linked directly on the Padlet.

Since AI evolves rapidly, links may occasionally be unavailable or change. If this happens, refer to the "Other Resources" tab for a repository of alternative tools you can use.

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Great powers come with great privacy.

Apple Intelligence is designed to protect your privacy at every step. It's integrated into the core of your iPhone, iPad, and Mac through on-device processing. So it's aware of your personal information without collecting your personal information. And with groundbreaking Private Cloud Compute, Apple Intelligence can draw on larger server-based models, running on Apple silicon, to handle more complex requests for you while protecting your privacy.

Private Cloud Compute

Your data is never stored

Used only for your requests

Verifiable privacy promise

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Apple Intelligence is personal intelligence for the things you do every day. Built into iPhone, iPad, and Mac with groundbreaking privacy.

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Reflection 3 - Thoughts around creativity vs AI

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Reflection 3 - Thoughts around creativity vs AI