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1945 – WWII ends; U.S. and Soviet Union emerge as superpowers.

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1945 – WWII ends; U.S. and Soviet Union emerge as superpowers.

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When Japan and Germany were defeated in 1945, World War II came to a conclusion. Due to their crucial contributions to  their victory they became a global superpower but this led to the start of the cold war

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The Soviet lockdown of West Berlin caused the 1948–1949 Berlin Airlift. For almost a year, the United States and its allies broke the blockade and demonstrated Western strength in the face of Soviet pressure by flying in supplies.

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Berlin and the rest of Germany were split into four zones in 1948. When the Soviet Union cut off supplies to its 2.5 million people by blocking West Berlin in an attempt to drive the Allies out, tensions escalated.

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On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth. It was a small, beeping metal sphere, but its launch sent shockwaves through the United States. Americans feared that Soviet advancements in space technology meant they could also develop more advanced missiles capable of reaching the U.S.

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In October 1962, the U.S. and the Soviet Union faced off for 13 days over Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. President Kennedy ordered a naval blockade, nearly leading to nuclear war. The crisis ended when the Soviets removed the missiles in exchange for a U.S. promise not to invade Cuba and a secret withdrawal of U.S. missiles from Turkey.

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Both the United States-backed South Vietnam and communist North Vietnam fought each other in the Vietnam War (1955–1975). It was a part of the fight against communism during the Cold War. More than 58,000 Americans lost their lives in the war, which also caused protests and increased hatred of the government. U.S. military doctrine and opinions on foreign intervention were impacted by the war.

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Détente reduced tensions between the US and the USSR in 1972. President Nixon's historic journey to China, which increased economic and cultural contacts and established diplomatic ties, was a significant event. By reconfiguring international alliances, this change in U.S. policy sought to offset Soviet dominance.

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1972 – Détente & Nixon’s Visit to China

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1979 – Soviet Union invades Afghanistan; U.S. backs Afghan resistance.

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1979 – Soviet Union invades Afghanistan; U.S. backs Afghan resistance.

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In order to defend its communist government against insurgent forces, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979. The United States supported the Mujahideen, or Afghan resistance forces, with money and weapons because it saw this as Soviet expansion. For the USSR, the war turned into an expensive fight that ultimately led to its downfall.

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1989-1991 – Fall of the Berlin Wall & Soviet Union Collapse

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1989-1991 – Fall of the Berlin Wall & Soviet Union Collapse

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The Cold War came to an end with the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. German reunion resulted with the fall of the Wall, which marked the end of communism in Eastern Europe. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the United States became the only superpower in the world.

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 1993 – The U.S. and Russia sign the START II treaty

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 1993 – The U.S. and Russia sign the START II treaty

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To reduce their nuclear arsenals, the United States and Russia signed the start II agreement in 1993. It aimed to wipe out multiple-warhead ICBMs and restrict strategic nuclear weapons. But as ties between the United States and Russia worsened, it was eventually abandoned and never completely performed.

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The U.S. and Russia sign the START II treaty 