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Image of coxsackievirus

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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Hand, foot, and mouth disease is common in children under 5 years old, but anyone can get it.

The illness is usually not serious, but it is very contagious. It can spread quickly at schools and day care centers.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease spreads easily.

Symptoms can include fever, mouth sores, skin rash, and more.

Most people can be treated at home.

Not the Same as Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Hand, foot, and mouth disease is often confused with foot-and-mouth disease (also called hoof-and-mouth disease), which affects cows, sheep, goats, and pigs.

Humans do not get the animal disease, and animals do not get the human disease.

Visit the National Agricultural Library of the U.S. Department of Agriculture to learn more about Foot-and-Mouth Disease.

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Learn more about Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

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Learn more about Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease. It is very contagious and most common in children under 5 years old.

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HMFD is a viral disease found common mostly in young children under 5; however, anyone who comes in contact with the disease can get it as the disease is very contagious. The disease is caused by coxsackievirus, a virus that mainly affects the hand, foot, mouth, and sometimes the buttocks. The virus causes the child or person to have painful red blisters/rashes on the body parts affected. The virus can pass through close physical contact, such as holding hands, hugging, coughing, etc. The virus will usually begin in the throat and spread itself to body parts where the virus is most affected.

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Mild symptoms tend to last for 7 to 10 days.

Symptoms include:

Fever/ Flu-like symptoms

Mouth Sores

Red spots begin to form on the tongue and inside of the mouth

Tend to be painful, causing the child to have a problem with eating and drinking

Skin Rash

Found on legs, arms, and even buttocks

Found to be slightly raised, red spots.

Fluid may be found in the rash, containing HFMD

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Health Promotion Board, Singapore - Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) numbers are at their highest in four years. It’s an uncomfortable, painful and contagious disease caused by intestinal viruses and spread by saliva, mucus and other bodily fluids. While children under five are most susceptible, adults can also catch the disease and suffer more serious complications like dehydration.   If you or your child shows these symptoms, stay away from crowded places and visit the doctor for treatment immediately. Learn more about how to prevent HFMD at http://bit.ly/2ibZ3ql  #FightTheSpread | Facebook

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Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) numbers are at their highest in four years. It’s an uncomfortable, painful and contagious disease caused by intestinal viruses and spread by saliva, mucus and...

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There is no specific medical treatment for HFMD as it gets better on its own within 7 to 10 days. However, there are treatments to relieve fever and pain and prevent dehydration.

Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen and ibuprofen an help relieve the pain for the child.

Despite the pain the child may have when swallowing, do the best you can to make your child drink enough water.

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Wash your hands with soap and water

Avoid contact with people who are sick

Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth as it is the most common way HFMD virus can enter the body.

Clean and disinfect your surroundings

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"Figure 1 The epidemiological data of HFMD. (c) The rate of severe HFMD illnesses before and after the first inactivated EV-A71 vaccine was approved in China."

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In China, they are working on a vaccination for children to decrease the number of cases of HFMD. They recently released an inactivated EV-A71 vaccine to the public in 2016 decreasing EV-71, the main enterovirus that causes HFMD. As you can see in Figure 1, part C, EV-71 was one of the highest enteroviruses that caused sickness to children from 2013 to 2015, but after the vaccine for the virus came out, data showed that there have been fewer EV-71 cases going around in China.

Research paper: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36613612/

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Xinglong Zhang, PHD, Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), A*Star

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How to recognise & treat Hand Foot and Mouth Disease (Coxsackievirus) in kids | Doctor O'Donovan

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Infographic: https://stock.adobe.com/images/hfmd-children-infected-poster-detail-of-hand-foot-mouth-disease-infographics-with-symptoms-prevention-and-treatment-cartoon-health-concept-vector-illustration/359584219

EV-71: https://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/about/ev-a71.html

Coxsackievirus Infections: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/coxsackie.html#:~:text=Coxsackieviruses%20can%20cause%20symptoms%20that,can%20appear%20on%20the%20buttocks.

HFMD Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353035