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Sabiha Gökçen was born in Bursa in 1913. After the death of his father and mother, he was adopted by Atatürk, who visited Bursa in 1925. The surname Gökçen was given to Sabiha Gökçen by Atatürk.

She was educated at Çankaya Primary School and Istanbul Üsküdar Girls' College. In 1935, she entered the Turkish Bird Civilian kava school of the Turkish Aeronautical Association.

She received her high-level training badges in Ankara. Gökçen was sent to Crimea, Russia, along with 7 male students, and completed his high glider training there.

She entered Eskişehir military air school in 1936 and became a military pilot. In 1937, she was awarded the Turkish Aeronautical Association's Medal of Honor at a ceremony attended by the President, Prime Minister and Chief of General Staff. She received her military flight badge on August 30, 1937.

She made a Balkan tour with her plane as a guest of the Balkan states in 1938.

Sabiha Gökçen, who went to the USA upon invitation in 1953 and 1959, introduced the Turkish society and Turkish women. She received the biggest award of her aviation career in 1996

She was selected as "one of the 20 aviators who made their name in world history" at a ceremony she attended. She made her last flight in 1996 when she was 83 years old. and she died on March 22, 2001, at the age of 88

ELİF LİVA POLAT 9/F

MERYEM GÖKLER 9/F

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Ruşen Ali, known as Köroğlu, is famous all over the world. Some countries know him as a bandit, some as a hero.

While Ruşen Ali was living with his family in the 15th and 16th centuries, his father Yusuf started working as the groom of the Bolu Bey. The Bolu Bey assigned Yusuf, who also played saz and was interested in horses, to bring him a unique horse. Yusuf traveled everywhere. And he brings a young foal that he realizes will grow up to be a great horse.

Since the Bey of Bolu brought him such a weak horse, he blinded Yusuf by pricking his eyes. Yusuf leaves the country with his foal and his son. Ruşen Ali takes the foal as his father wanted and raises it in a dark room with the light of knowledge. The foal grows up to become a horse of unparalleled power. .They call him "Kırat".

Yusuf and Ruşen Ali go to the Aras River and wait for the three magic foams that will flow from Bingöl. Yusuf will be able to drink this foam and see again, become younger and take his revenge on the Bey of Bolu.

However, Ruşen Ali drinks the foam and gives foamless water to his father. Although Yusuf is offended by this, his son says; He will take his own revenge.

One of these three magic foams gives Ruşen eternal life, one gives him courage, and the other gives him poetry.

Joseph dies after telling his son to take revenge.

Ruşen goes to the mountains with his Kırat and becomes known as "Köroğlu". (According to some sources, he first became a bandit in his village for a few years.) He prevails in all wars; he distributes what he takes from merchants and paşakars to the poor. He gathers forty brave men around him.

Köroğlu and the brave men constantly raid the Bolu Bey. During one of the raids, he sees the Bey's sister Döne and falls in love. He organizes another raid, kidnaps Döne and makes her his wife.

Janissary Köroğlu, who took good care of his wife and horse, wrote many poems about them. Köroğlu had an encounter with Kiziroğlu in Kars. After this encounter, Kiziroğlu and Köroğlu fought together.

One day, with another victory for his war friends and Köroğlu, Köroğlu puts the sword on the neck of the Bolu Bey and avenges his father.

However, one day, Köroğlu came across an iron with holes. "What is this?" he asks and shivers with the answer he receives. He sighs and says, "The rifle has been invented. Bravery has been destroyed!" He tells his war friends to disperse, they disappear and become a secret.

Elif Demirkıran 9F 1336

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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in Thessaloniki in 1881. Ali Rıza Efendi is his father and Zübeyde Hanım is his mother. The schools where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was educated are as follows: primary school education at Mahalle Mektebi and Şemsi Efendi School, secondary education at Thessaloniki Civil Junior High School and Thessaloniki Military Junior High School, high school education at Thessaloniki Military High School, and university education at the Military Academy and Military Academy. While he was studying at the Military Junior High School in 1893, his mathematics teacher named him Kemal and his name became Mustafa Kemal. When World War I ended, the homeland lands would be shared with the signing of the Armistice of Mudros. However, Mustafa Kemal took control of the situation and went to Samsun on 19 May 1919 and laid the foundations of the national struggle. Mustafa Kemal, who led the opening of the Turkish Grand National Assembly on April 23, 1920, was also elected as the head of government by the Parliament. On August 5, 1921, he was again elected commander-in-chief by the parliament. He was honored with the title of Gazi and the rank of Marshal for his great efforts in winning the Battle of Sakarya. The Republic was declared on October 29, 1923, and Mustafa Kemal became the first president of the Republic of Turkey. In 1934, the parliament granted Gazi Mustafa Kemal the surname "Atatürk". He said goodbye to his life in Dolmabahçe Palace on 10 November 1938. It plunged the whole country into mourning. However, he is a leader who has reached eternity in our hearts with his reforms and what he brought to our country.

ARİFE NURGUL YUMUKGOZ

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Nene Hatun was born in 1857 in Çeperli village of Erzurum. His father's name is Hüseyin and his mother's name is Zeliha.

Nene Hatun, who was 20 years old at the time of Aziziye's defense, was married to Mehmet Efendi from her village. When the Russian army occupied Pasinler and advanced towards Erzurum, he migrated to Erzurum with his wife, like many others, out of fear of being under enemy occupation. When the Russians occupied the bastions on the outskirts of Erzurum after the Battle of Deveboynu, Nene Hatun left her 3-month-old son at home and participated in the defense of the city and showed usefulness.

Nene Hatun and her family settled in Erzurum after the war. She lived in house number thirty-five on Kına Street in Eminkurbu District in Erzurum. She took the surname Kırkgöz with the Surname Law enacted in 1934.

Nene Hatun had six children, four boys (Yusuf, Nazım, Abdurrahman and Musa) and two girls (Asime and Nevriye). Two of here sons died in World War I.

It was introduced to Turkey with the interview conducted by journalist İsmail Habib Sevük, the Istanbul correspondent of Cumhuriyet newspaper, with Nene Hatun and other '93 War veterans in Erzurum in 1937.

Having difficulty making ends meet, Nene Hatun, together with Nâme Hanım, one of the national heroines, wrote a petition to the president and asked for help.

Nene Hatun came to the fore again during the works to build the Aziziye Monument in 1952. The 9th Corps Commander, Lieutenant General Refik Koraltan, and the Commander of the Third Army, whose headquarters was in Erzurum, Nurettin Baransel Pasha, the mayor of the period, the governor of Erzurum, and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey supported Nene Hatun. At the August 30 Victory celebrations in 1952, he was named "3. She was given the title of "Grandmother of the Army". With the initiative of the Turkish Women's Union, the Union gave her the title of "Mother of the Year" in 1955, when Mother's Day was celebrated for the first time in Turkey.

Nene Hatun died at the age of 98 on May 22, 1955, at Erzurum Numune Hospital, where she was treated for pneumonia. His body was buried in Aziziye Martyrdom with an official ceremony.

Simay Kurt 10/A

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[  ]                         ATILLA

Attila, known as "The Scourge of God" in Europe, is the only ruler in history who brought the pope to his knees. Attila, ruler of the European Hun Empire, lived between 395-453. His father is Muncuk Khan. (Boncuk Han) While Attila was struggling to survive alone in the steppe after his father's death, he was found and taken under protection by his uncle Rua. After the death of his uncle Rua, Attila and his brother Bleda began to rule the Hun Empire together. With Bleda's death in 445, Attila became the sole Hun ruler. Attila later married a captive girl named Nakara, whom he fell in love with, and had a son.
Nakara died during childbirth.

HE MADE THE POPE TO KNEEL

While he was organizing an expedition to the Western Roman Empire, with the intervention of Pope Leo the Great, Attila stopped the expedition and made the Romans pay tribute. It is said that because of this incident, the only human being to whom the Pope kneeled was Attila.

DEATH

Rumor has it that Attila was poisoned to death by his last wife, Ildiko, during his wedding night in 453 AD. The exact location of Attila's grave is not known. Those who attended his funeral were killed so that the location of the grave would not be known.

APPEARANCE AND CHARACTER

Information about Attila's appearance is generally from second-hand sources. However, the Byzantine historian Priskos, who saw him personally, explains Attila as follows: "Short, broad chested, small eyes, flat nose, thin greyish beard, tan skin." On the other hand, Attila had an extremely harsh and cruel character. Western sources called it "The Scourge of God".

Muhhamed Utkan Yılmaz 9/F 1342

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          Nasuh Mahruki                     

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          Nasuh Mahruki                     

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Nasuh Mahruki was born on July 4, 1968, in Istanbul, Turkey. After graduating from Istanbul University's Faculty of Business Administration, he discovered his passion for mountaineering. In 1993, as a young mountaineer, he embarked on his climbing career by conquering Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus. In 1996, driven by the dream of climbing Everest, Mahruki formed a team, bringing together Turkey's first mountaineers. In 1997, he successfully climbed Everest, becoming the first Turkish mountaineer to achieve this feat.

Throughout his mountaineering career, Mahruki tackled numerous challenging peaks, earning awards and recognition. Besides being an accomplished mountaineer, he is also an author, sharing his mountaineering experiences, adventures, and life philosophy in his books. He has appeared in various documentaries and programs related to mountaineering.

Nasuh Mahruki is considered a key figure in popularizing mountaineering in Turkey, serving as an inspiration to young mountaineers. Additionally, he has actively participated in social responsibility projects, demonstrating his commitment not only to mountaineering but also to societal issues.

Seymen Sekmen 9\E 1313

Sıtgı Mert Pusa 9\C 1072

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Şeyh Şamil was born in Rusiain 1981.His mother's name isBahou Messadau and his father's name is Dengau. Hewas the imam.He was very smart student.He was married5 times and had 6 boys and 5girls.His faith was Islam.Hedied on February 16, 1871. Sheikh Shamil, known as the "Caucasian Eagle" in Turkey for his fight against Tsarist Russia.

He is commemorated on the 149th anniversary of his death.

Shamil, the political and religious leader of the peoples of the North Caucasus, was born in 1797 in the village of Gimri in Dagestan. His father was Muhammed from the Avars, and his mother was Bahu Mesedu, the daughter of Pir Budak, one of the Avar lords. When he was born, he was given the name of his grandfather Ali, but since he was constantly ill, he decided that changing his name would be good.

Under the influence of traditional belief, his family changed his name to Shamil.

Şamil went to Iraq with his friends for education and learned religious sciences such as tafsir, hadith, fiqh, mysticism, literature, history and science from the scholar Mevlana Halid-i Şehrezori. Şehrezori also gave his student Shamil the caliphate and sent him to the Caucasus. Seeing that the Russians were trying to enslave the Muslims in the Caucasus, Shamil

He took part in the struggle for the freedom of the Caucasus. The "Muridism" of the Russians, which was initiated by the Muslims of the North Caucasus in the late 18th century.

The resistance movement, which they called "Gazavat", was a leader for many years after the death of their leader Imam Mansur.

couldn't make it out. Sheikh Shamil's friend, Molla Muhammed, who returned to Dagestan in 1823 after being affiliated with the Naqshbandi-Khalidi Sheikh Ismail Shirvani and receiving the caliphate, was elected as the leader of the Gazavat movement in 1829. Mullah Muhammad took action by publishing a declaration inviting the Muslim Caucasian peoples to jihad against the Russians. Sheikh Shamil,

He became the most important assistant of Mullah Muhammad, who was known with the titles "imam" and "gazi". While Mullah Muhammed lost his life in the war with the Russians on November 20, 1832, Sheikh Shamil survived with serious injuries. He struggled for 35 years. Then he passed away.

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Born in 1909, Rita Levi-Montalcini began her groundbreaking research during World War II, where she conducted experiments on chick embryos in a home laboratory.

She discovered nerve growth factor (NGF), a key protein that plays a crucial role in the growth and maintenance of nerve cells.

This discovery had profound implications for understanding both normal development and diseases of the nervous system.

Levi-Montalcini continued her scientific career, becoming a professor and establishing herself as a leading figure in neuroscience. Her work extended beyond the lab; she advocated for science education and women in science. Despite facing gender-based challenges, she became an inspiration for aspiring scientists.

In addition to the Nobel Prize, she received numerous honors and awards for her contributions to science and medicine.

Rita Levi-Montalcini passed away in 2012, leaving a lasting legacy in the field of neuroscience.

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Juraj Jánošík was a legendary Slovak highwayman who lived in the 18th century. He's celebrated as a Robin Hood figure, known for his daring robberies targeting the nobility and distributing wealth to the poor. Jánošík's exploits have made him a symbol of resistance against oppression and injustice in Slovak folklore.

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Asuasesbl (Aysel Selahattin Erkasap Social Sciences High School)

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Today, l am going to give some information about Nasreddin,the wise Man from Türkiye.

Nasreddin was born in the village of Hortu in 1208. After he completed his basic education, he went to Sivrihisar and took traditional lslamic education. After his father passed away, he came back to the village and worked as an lmam. Then, he immigrated to Akşehir and become a dervish. Nasreddin embraced the Yezidi ,Rufai and Mevlevi orders. He served in administrative positions in Akşehir.

He died in 1284 in Akşehir and he was buried in a shrine. After this event, his stories were consonantly told. Although not all of them were true, Today the children love to listen to his stories.

Saltukname contains the first story of Nasreddin written down. There is a book that picks Nasreddin's some anectodes and social messages.

Finally, l want to share one of his words. "Who pays the pipet calls the tune".

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The most well-known players of the traditional Turkish shadow play are Karagöz and Hacivat. These popular characters have been used to entertain and provoke thought for centuries.

Karagöz Hacivat figures are held up to a light source from behind and reflected on the screen through materials such as thin leather or curtains. The audience sees the shadows reflected from the curtain on the curtain wall, which is the scene of the shadow play.

Folk dances such as Karagöz Hacivat shadow plays are often performed with humor and satire. These plays often use satirical and humorous language to discuss social issues, daily life, and current events.

Who is Karagöz?

Karagöz often shows careless, funny and lazy characteristics. Karagöz is depicted in a darkly humorous style. He often acts foolishly and ignorantly in games.

Who is Hacivat?

Hacivat is a more rational, polite and elegant character than Karagöz. Hacivat frequently corrects Karagöz's misinformation, makes clever suggestions, and makes fun of him.

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Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was an Italian polymath known for his expertise in various fields including painting, anatomy, engineering, mathematics, architecture, and science. He is widely considered one of the greatest artists of all time and is renowned for masterpieces such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. Da Vinci's curiosity and observational skills led him to make significant contributions to anatomy through his detailed drawings of the human body. His notebooks are filled with scientific observations and sketches of inventions, reflecting his innovative spirit and interest in understanding the world around him. In addition to his artistic and scientific pursuits, Leonardo da Vinci designed inventions ranging from flying machines to war machines, though many of his designs were never built or were ahead of their time. His work continues to inspire and influence countless artists, scientists, and thinkers to this day, making him a towering figure of the Renaissance and a symbol of the marriage.

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Ayca asesbl (Aysel Selahattin Erkasap Social Sciences High School)

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Ayca asesbl (Aysel Selahattin Erkasap Social Sciences High School)

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Nasreddin Hodja (1208-1285 AD)

He is a folk hero of the Seljuk period who was born in Sivrihisar and lived in Aksehir. He received religious education first from his father who was an imam and later at a theological school. He also worked as an imam for a period of time. Hodja’s view of the world and his opinions on the essential or even metaphysical questions of life are frank, natural and often disarmingly candid. Straightforward common sense is one of the secrets of his oriental wisdom and solace. As a philosophic humorist he became the symbol of people’s creativity and sense of humor of his time. His witticisms have become popular sayings and are quoted in everyday conversations. These can be regarded as anonymous folk jokes.

Karagoz and Hacivat

These are the two folk heroes of Karagoz shadow-puppet theater. The language they use, the way they look at life and the class they represent are never the same. With these clashes and also a wide range of folk characters, they play out a rich social and political satire. Legend has said that these two types were construction laborers who worked on the building of the Ulu Mosque in Bursa. They spent most of their time clowning around and stirring up trouble by keeping the other workers from working. The sultan, who was upset with the  delay of the construction of Ulu Mosque , had them executed. People felt sorry for them and have continued to remember their jokes. It is from these that the Karagoz theater derives. For the production of Karagoz figures, dried camel and calf skin are used because of their translucent quality. Hides are treated, shaped and painted. The puppets are colorful and semitransparent with jointed limbs. The performances are back projections of shadows on curtains. The Karagoz shadow-puppet plays have enjoyed great popularity for many years. With the emergence of technologically advanced visual entertainment means such as cinema, television and video, Karagoz has become a museum exhibit today

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Alp Er Tunga is a legendary Turkish khan. It is sometimes referred to as Saka Khan.
Alpar Tunga Khan is depicted with two tungas (leopards) next to him, he has a skin on his back, and the teeth of the skin can be seen on his head. It is known by many people in the Turkish World as well as in Iran and the Middle East. He is considered one of the 33 ancestors of the Seljuks. He lives in an underground iron palace with 100 columns. He is known as Alpar (Alper). In Iranian mythology, his name is mentioned as Afrasyab.

It is claimed by the Turanists that Alp Er Tunga is a descendant of the ancient ancestors of the Turks. It is also stated in Divân-ı Lügati't-Türk and Kutadgu Bilig that he is the same person as Efrasiyab, one of the heroes of the Iranian epic Shahnâme. According to the Shahnameh, he was ambushed and killed during his fight with Zaloğlu during the Iran-Turan wars. It is said that it is given as an example text about the murder of Alp Er Tunga Sagusu in various parts of Divân-ı Lügati't-Türk.

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He is a poor village farmhand, but possesses remarkable slyness, wit and wile. He is the perpetual antagonist of either the rich nobles, clerics and money lenders or the "typical Ottoman" — Nasreddin, whom he always manages to outwit. He is therefore regarded as a strictly positive figure and a hero of the common folk. As a character, Hitar Petar first appeared in the 16th–17th century, when most of the Balkans were still under Ottoman rule. Tales on his deeds are present in the folklore of many regions. His name appeared for the first time in written records in the late 1850s. There are many prose and poetry in which Itar Pejo appears as the main hero, and it was a common theme for Macedonian humor and cartoonists.

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Samuil
The long waves of penetration of the Slavs towards the end of the 7th century AD resulted in an entirely different situation – Macedonia acquired new inhabitants and became a Slav territory. The Sclavinia was their first form of social organization and structure. Then they fell under the Byzantine and Bulgarian empires. Following the fall of the Bulgarian Empire and the decline of the Byzantine Empire, Samuil, a skilled military leader and statesman, established the first Macedonian state (976-1018). Samuil’s Empire comprised the whole of Macedonia, Thessaly, Epirus, Albania and the former coastal Sclaviniae of Duklja, Travunja, Zahumlje and the Neretva region, and also Serbia (t.e. Rashka) and a considerable part of Bulgaria. In this large empire, the most numerous subjects were the Macedonian Slavs, the Slavs in Greece and Peloponnesus, and only then Bulgarians, followed by Serbs, Croats and finally Romaioi (Byzantines), Albanians and Vlachs.

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Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon , most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was macedonian king. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20 and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout Western Asia, Central Asia, parts of South Asia, and Egypt. By the age of 30, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Macedonia to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders.                               Until the age of 16, Alexander was tutored by Aristotle. In 335 BC, shortly after his assumption of kingship over Macedon, he campaigned in the Balkans and reasserted control over Thrace and parts of Illyria before marching on the city of Thebes, which was subsequently destroyed in battle. Alexander then led the League of Corinth, and used his authority to launch the pan-Hellenic project envisaged by his father, assuming leadership over all Macedonians in their conquest of Persia.    

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ATATÜRK

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in 1881.Atatürk's father is Ali Riza and his mother is Zübeyde.Zübeyde's sons died during the war except Atatürk.Atatürk learned the difficulities of life at a young age when his father passed away.

As Ataturk grew up, he realized that something was wrong with this country.He disputed with his friends and then they revolted.They had a hard time at the beginning.In fact, Atatürk was kidnapped and thrown into prison.However, he always found a way and got rid of it.In course of time,people justified Atatürk.He is known as the father of Turks.He saved us and our country.He saw the power in Turks.

Currently,he is the father of the whole world.Atatürk was the person who respected woman and children the most.We are in the year of 2024 and still have every celebration as if it was the first celebration.This hero passed away in 1938 but of course he still live in our hearts.

Ece Sahin

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Between myth and history:

ENEA WAS A MYTHOLOGICAL FIGURE OF ROMAN AND GREEK CULTURE.

HE FOUGHT IN THE TROJAN WAR. WHEN HIS CITY WAS DISTROYED, ENEA HAD TO LEFT HIS HOMELAND. SO HE STARTED TO TRAVEL ALONG IHE SHORES OF THE MEDITERRANEAN BECOMING A REFUGEE. HIS TRAVEL WAS WRITTEN BY THE POET VIRGILIO. ENEA ARRIVED IN LAZIO TO FOUND THE CITY OF ROME, THE EMPIRE FUTURE CAPITAL.

ENEA IS ALSO A GREAT EXAMPLE OF THE MILION REFUGEES WHO ARE SEARCHING FOR A NEW HOME. THEREFORE THERE IS AN ASSOCIATION NAMED THE ENEA'S RUTE WHICH PROPOSE A CULTURALE PATH TO TELL THROUGH ARCHEOLOGY, NATURE AND LITERATURE, A CURRENT STORY.

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Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk was undoubtedly one of the greatest figures in our history. He was not only our first ever president, but he was also an important philosopher and educator. He is widely known as an extremely popular president of the newly created republic, but it must be emphasized that there were also periods when the majority of society stood against him. It was due to the fact that he was not afraid to stand up for his opinion, even if the majority of society had a different opinion.

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Born in Pisa on 15 February 1564, Galileo grew up in a cultured family but with economic difficulties, but the boy's inclinations were considered too theoretical, especially for a family that needed money. in his life, Galileo managed to achieve some success thanks to his inventions, which brought him fame and earnings. Galileo invented a geometric compass, a thermoscope and a telescope. Galileo also developed the experimental scientific method and a theory, the Heliocentric Theory, which went against the geocentric theory of Niccolò Copernicus. Galileo understood that it was our planet that revolved around the Sun, and not vice versa. ,but his theory did not please the ecclesiastical authorities at all.

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Isa Boletini was a prominent figure in Albanian history, known for his bravery, leadership, and dedication to the cause of Albanian independence. Born in 1864 in what is now Kosovo, Boletini grew up in a time of Ottoman rule and Albanian resistance.
From a young age, Boletini showed a keen interest in military affairs and quickly gained a reputation as a skilled marksman and tactician. He became involved in the nationalist movement, joining the League of Prizren, which sought to preserve Albanian identity and autonomy.
Boletini's military skills soon caught the attention of Albanian leaders, and he was appointed as a commander in the struggle against Ottoman rule. He played a key role in numerous battles, earning a reputation for his courage and tactical vision.
One of Boletini's most famous battles occurred during the Albanian revolt of 1910. Leading a group of fighters, he successfully defended his hometown of Gjakova against Ottoman forces, inflicting heavy casualties on the enemy.
Boletini's leadership and bravery made him a hero to many Albanians, and he became a symbol of resistance against foreign oppression. His brave actions were celebrated by the Albanians, and his name was mentioned throughout the country.
After Albania declared its independence in 1912, Boletini continued to serve his homeland, advocating for its territorial integrity and sovereignty.He continued to be involved in politics, facing many rivals who were seeking more political power.
Tragically, Boletini's life was cut short in 1916 when he was killed in a battle with Serbian forces. His death was mourned by Albanians across the region, and he was remembered as a patriot and a martyr for the cause of Albanian independence.
Today, Isa Boletini is remembered as one of Albania's greatest heroes, a symbol of courage, sacrifice, devotion to the ideals of freedom and independence.