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Leif Erickson was a Viking, and his culture was all about discovering and conquering. He landed on the East Coast of modern-day Canada and called it Vineland. It was in the 11th century.

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Christopher Columbus was paid by the Spanish Government to find a new trade route to the Indies. Instead, he found the North American continent. This made his voyage a failure of sorts, and he did not find a new trade route.

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The plan was ultimately to have two ships, but one leaked so they all took the Mayflower which caused horrible conditions. These people were considered separatists and were seeking financial and religious freedom. There was a baby born on the ship named Oceania. They ended up landing later than expected in Massachusetts. Almost half of the passengers died. The first form of government was the Mayflower compact. Only men signed the Mayflower compact.

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A war between American colonists and the British. It was a fight caused by taxation without representation. Specifically the Townsend Act, the Tea Tax, the Stamp Tax, and many other forms of tax. The war ended with the American country being formed with George Washington, the former commander of the Army, becoming America's first president.

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The Declaration of Independence: July 4th, 1776

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The Declaration of Independence: July 4th, 1776

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The Declaration of Independence was a document written to declare what and why the American people were declaring freedom from the British government. It happened on July 4, 1776. And was a catalyst to the Revolutionary War.

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Occurred in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with delegates from 13 states. Rhode Island was not represented. Benjamin Franklin was said to be the leader of the convention, and asked the question "Is the sun setting or rising on America?" The convention was ratified and is what we now consider the Bill of Rights.

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The idea is that God wanted the American people to own and settle "from sea to shining sea". This caused further expansion west and the purchasing and conquering of the west coast.

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Thomas Jefferson was sent to France as an ambassador to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans, Louisiana. France was at war and was in debt, so the French sold New Orleans and 828,000 acres of land for $15 million dollars. Roughly four cents an acre and doubled the size of the United States.

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Was considered the Second Revolutionary War. It was fought between Great Britain and America primarily for the impressment of American sailors and restriction on trade. Ended when a treaty was signed in Belgium, and resulted in peace between Great Britain and America.

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The Star Spangled Banner: September 14, 1814

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The Star Spangled Banner: September 14, 1814

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September 14, 1814: the star-spangled banner. Written at the battle of Fort McHenry. It's words were written after the war when the flag was left standing. Was put to the tune of an old English drinking song. The song was considered the armies song before it became the national anthem.

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A war fought over the boundary of Mexico and America. The war ended with a treaty being signed forcing Mexico to give America Texas and sell the US California for incredibly cheap. Victory at the Battle of Monterey.

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The Civil War started because the Confederacy felt unrepresented and didn't like that the Federal Government was making rules for them. The Union was the North and the Confederacy was the South. The Confederacy should have lost, but they had a military genius on their side. The was should not have taken four years to fight.

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Emancipation Proclamation: January 1, 1863

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Emancipation Proclamation: January 1, 1863

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This proclamation declared that slaves were free only in the rebellious states. It was only valid during wartime. President Abraham Lincoln was the President at the time who wrote the Emancipation Proclamation.

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Spanish-American War: April- December 1898

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Spanish-American War: April- December 1898

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Cuba has been fighting for its independence from Cuba for a long time. The Philippines and Cuba were at war with Spain, and America traded heavily with both countries. The United States was trying to stay out of it and did until there was a suspected attack with the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine. After that America joined the war. It ended with Cuba receiving independence and Spain giving Puerto Rico and Guam to the U.S.

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The Progressive Era was a period in the United States during the early 20th century of widespread social activism and political reform across that country that focused on defeating corruption, monopoly, waste, and inefficiency. Included the women's rights movement at the end

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Fought between the Allies (Russia, France, Italy, Great Britain, and America) and the Central Powers (Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria). Started with the assassination of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Austria. The main forms of battle were chemical and trench warfare. Was a fight against Communism, and ended in the Treaty of Versailles and the formation of the League of Nations to prevent another war from occurring.

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The League of Nations was formed after World War 1 to prevent another World War from occurring. The phrase League of Nations was coined by Woodrow Wilson. The United States did not join the League of Nations. The League of Nations ultimately failed as World War 2 occurred.

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Before Women's Suffrage, women's rights were very limited. Women wanted to be less oppressed by men and wanted to be able to have the same rights as men. National American Women's Suffrage Association was the national association for Women's Suffrage.

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Women gained the right to vote. The right to vote still excluded female minorities. When this amendment was passed, women were allowed to vote!

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The longest and deepest downturn in the history of the United States and the modern industrial economy lasted more than a decade, beginning in 1929 and ending during World War II in 1941. World War 2 was said to have pulled the United States out of the Great Depression by increasing a need for goods and labor.

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Black Thursday was the first stock market crash that set off the great depression. It was a sudden decline in stock prices and caused the inflation of many items and the loss of many jobs. The final stock market crash was Tuesday October 29, 1929

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The Holocaust was the oppression and genocide of the Jews. Adolf Hitler was put in charge and he was responsible for the Holocaust. Work and concentration camps were used to kill Jews and force slave labor on the people in the camps. Antisemitism was against the Jewish people. Six million jews were killed. Other groups targeted were homosexuals, disabled, and Romanian Gypsies

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Allies: French, Great Britain, Russia, and eventually the U.S.

Axis Powers: Italy, Germany, Japan, and Croatia

During the War, Pearl Harbor was what sent America into the War. The War was the reason the United Nations was formed and proved that the League of Nations did not work.

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Happened on the island of Honolulu, Hawaii. Japan wanted to overtake parts of the Pacific realm including China. America in turn blocked their trade routes, so Japan planned to take out as many ships as they could. U.S.S. Arizona was the largest ship sunk and lost over 1,000 men. The U.S. joined the war on December 8, 1941. Pearl Harbor was a very uniting event in U.S. history.

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As a result of the Pearl Harbor attack from Japan. Japanese-Americans were put into internment camps. It did not matter if the Japanese-Americans had been in the United States for many generations. These camps were less than ideal living situations and 1,862 people died as a result of these camps. Most of the camps were on the West Coast.

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The term United Nations was coined by Franklin D. Roosevelt. Its main goal is to provide peace for the world and prevent issues among countries. Well-known organizations are WHO and UNICEF. Headquarters are in New York, New York. 51 countries to start- there are now 193 countries.

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President Harry S. Truman stated that " the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces". This doctrine replaced the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the U.S. would practice isolationism. We still practice this doctrine today.

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Developed after World War 2 between the United States and the Communist Soviet Union. It resulted in an arms race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, including the Hydrogen bomb and space exploration. This resulted in America making it to the moon. The Cold War was considered a war of words and no actual shots were fired. Ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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A conflict between Communist North Korea and the Republic of South Korea. Became an issue in 1950 when North Korea, armed by the Soviet Union, invaded South Korea. The cause was that the North wanted to have control over the South and expand communism. 90% of troops sent to help South Korea were from the United States. The war ended in a stalemate at a boundary close to the original parallel drawn. The War officially ended in 2018 when a treaty was signed instituting the 38th Parallel.

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The beginning was the split of Vietnam at the Geneva Conference. France was fighting South Vietnam, which was communist. In 1976 Vietnam was reunified. It was a great divider in the United States, and had a big economic impact on the United States.

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Starts with President Truman making an executive order ending segregation. The movement included the bus riots led by Rosa Parks, the march led by Martin Luther King JR., and peaceful protests such as sit-ins. Said to end with the assassination of MLK in 1968 and the signing of the Equal Housing Act.

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An important court case and a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools as unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are separate but equal in quality.

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Watergate was a big scandal in the 1970s when people broke into a political office connected to President Nixon. Turns out, Nixon's team was involved and tried to hide it. Nixon had to quit, and it showed how leaders can abuse their power. It led to new rules for how campaigns are funded and made people watch the government more closely. Ended in the resignation of President Nixon.

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The Gulf War was a conflict in 1990-1991 between Iraq and a coalition of countries led by the United States. It started when Iraq invaded Kuwait, accusing it of stealing oil and not repaying debt. The coalition, backed by the United Nations, launched Operation Desert Storm to push Iraq out of Kuwait. It was a short but intense war, with heavy bombing and ground fighting. The coalition forces quickly overwhelmed Iraq's military, leading to Kuwait's liberation. The war ended with a ceasefire, but Iraq's leader, Saddam Hussein, remained in power, setting the stage for later conflicts.

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9/11 refers to September 11, 2001, when terrorists hijacked four airplanes in the United States. They crashed two into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and one into the Pentagon near Washington, D.C. The fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, crashed in a field in Pennsylvania after passengers tried to regain control from the hijackers. Nearly 3,000 people died in the attacks, making it one of the deadliest events in U.S. history. It led to increased security measures and the U.S. launching the War on Terror.

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The Iraq War started in 2003 when the United States and its allies invaded Iraq. They believed Iraq had dangerous weapons and wanted to remove its leader, Saddam Hussein. But after the invasion, they didn't find those weapons. The war led to Saddam's removal, but also caused a lot of fighting and problems in Iraq.