# data[].attributes.headline
Causes for Revolutions in Thought ~ Support from Authority

# data[].attributes.subject
Causes for Revolutions in Thought ~ Support from Authority

# data[].attributes.body
Nicholas Copernicus created the Heliocentric theory, which stated that the "sun was the center of the universe and was stationary" while "Earth and other planets rotated daily on an axis and rotated around the sun" (Historical Heads Slides).

# data[].attributes.headline
Evidence of Revolutions in Thought ~ Scientific Innovations

# data[].attributes.subject
Evidence of Revolutions in Thought ~ Scientific Innovations

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Photograph of the "Canons of Medicine" (Padlet).

# data[].attributes.headline
People Used the "Canons of Medicine" to Branch off of to Their Own Ideas

# data[].attributes.subject
People Used the "Canons of Medicine" to Branch off of to Their Own Ideas

# data[].attributes.body
As we know, the "Canons of Medicine" was used as a medical encyclopedia for many, many years after it was written. Using the ideas from the famous textbook, others were able to branch off their ideas and then spread them to others who also would continue to develop them. This encyclopedia caused many revolutions in thought to be spread and benefit a lot of people for a long time.

Ms. Waller: Be careful with "as we know," never assume the reader knows anything. Source?

# data[].attributes.headline
Sustaining Revolutions in Thought ~ Continuations and Connections from Past Works

# data[].attributes.subject
Sustaining Revolutions in Thought ~ Continuations and Connections from Past Works

# data[].attributes.body
The Islamic Empire was known for having lots of new innovations and ideas during the Middle Ages. The reason they were able to have and use their ideas was due to the support from their government. The government in the Islamic Empire supported new ideas whether it was scientific ones or architecture ones. One way they did so is with the House of Wisdom. The House of Wisdom is a place for scientists and inventors that was a large library and communal center that was funded by the government to support their ideas (Islam: Empire of Faith).

Ms. Waller: WHY was the Islamic government supportive?

# data[].attributes.body
A successful revolution in thought is caused by support from authority, is sustained by the continuation and connections from past works and evidenced by scienetific innovations.

# data[].attributes.body
The Song Dynasty in China was a Chinese reign that took place during the 10th-13th centuries. The Song Dynasty was the renaissance of China as the economy and culture grew greatly and changed society as a whole. The Song Dynasty had lots of innovations that benefited society in a positive way (“Song Dynasty”). Similar to the Islamic Empire, this was greatly due to the fact that officials in the Song Dynasty supported new ideas and concepts.

Ms. Waller: This box does not appear to connect to anything!

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Photo of Catholic Cross, representing the authority in Europe which was the Catholic Church (Padlet).

# data[].attributes.body
In Europe, authority (primarily the Catholic Church) didn’t react the same to new concepts as the Song Dynasty and the Islamic Empire did. It took until after the renaissance and the protestant reformation for society to question its current authority and start the spread of new ideas and concepts (Slides).

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Cartoon of Isaac Newton under an apple tree (Padlet).

# data[].attributes.body
Isaac Newton was a scientist that came up with the Theory of Motion and the Law of Gravity through many experiments and observations. The Theory of Motion includes;

1. All objects move in a straight line unless acted on by an outside force.

2. Acceleration -> proportional to force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass.

3. For every action, there is an equal, opposite reaction.

The Law of Gravity - universal gravitation, same on Earth and Heavens (Slides).

# data[].attributes.body
The "Canons of Medicine" is a "million-word medical encyclopedia" (Overbye). It was written by Ibn Sina, a physician and philosopher who was born in modern day Uzbekistan in 981. The encyclopedia was used as a textbook in various parts of the West all the way until the 17th century.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Example of Geocentric Theory vs. Heliocentric Theory (Padlet).

# data[].attributes.headline
Heliocentric Theory ~ Bounced off Ptolemy and Aristotle

# data[].attributes.subject
Heliocentric Theory ~ Bounced off Ptolemy and Aristotle

# data[].attributes.body
Nicholas Copernicus used the the Geocentric theory when creating his Heliocentric theory. The Geocentric theory was created partially by the greek philosopher Aristotle and mostly by Ptolemy. It stated that the Earth was the center of the universe and was stationary while the other planets moved in a circular pattern around the it (Scientific Revolution Slides). This was the supported idea of the universe in the churches in Europe, who were the main authorities, for a very long time. Copernicus had other thoughts about the universe, so he went on his own quest. He used the ideas from the Geocentric theory, compared it to his research, and defied it. He then created his own theory (the Heliocentric theory) and showed it to the world. Without the already existing thoughts about the universe, Copernicus would not have set out on a journey to find the real means of our solar system. He also sustained Ptolemy's revolution is though by using it to create more ideas.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Portrait drawing of Johannes Kepler (Padlet).

# data[].attributes.headline
Other Scientists and Johannes Kepler Used the Heliocentric Theories for Their Own Ideas

# data[].attributes.subject
Other Scientists and Johannes Kepler Used the Heliocentric Theories for Their Own Ideas

# data[].attributes.body
Other scientists over the years used Copernicus' theory to create other ideas or innovations to work on, including Johannes Kepler. Johannes Kepler used these other scientists works, like Tycho Brahe's ideas, and used Copernicus's idea to spawn his own ideas about recording movements, orbits of the planets, and even the starting of gravity. Through his research he found that the planets around the sun actually traveled in elliptical orbits, which corrected part of Copernicus' theory. He also spent some time figuring out that the planets around the sun are all held by some imaginary force (later found as gravity) and that is why some planets orbit faster than others.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Cover of Isaac Newton's book, "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" (Padlet).

# data[].attributes.headline
Newton Used Other Scientist Works to Find Gravity

# data[].attributes.subject
Newton Used Other Scientist Works to Find Gravity

# data[].attributes.body
Isaac Newton did not find gravity completely on his own; he used other scientists ideas and innovations to aid him. He used scientists like Galileo (supported the Heliocentric theory, studied the surface of the Moon, studied Jupiter, and many more) and Kepler to guide him in his discovery of gravity (Historical Heads Slides). Not only did he use past works to come to the discovery, but through the findings of his law of motions, he was aided and supported by a young astronomer named Edmond Halley. Edmond Halley was intruiged by Newton's original claim about the Laws of Motion and went on a search using Newton's claim to guide him ("Newton"). Once convinced, he then helped Newton publish and define his theories ("Newton"). Therefore, they used eachother to build their own ideas and Newton used others works to start his own.