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A successful revolution in thought is caused by exploration of new land and people, its sustained by people in power supporting it and evidenced by innovations in astronomy.

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Causes of Revolution in Thought: Exploration of new land and people

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Causes of Revolution in Thought: Exploration of new land and people

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Evidence of Revolution in Thought: Astronomy

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Evidence of Revolution in Thought: Astronomy

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Sustaining Revolutions in Thought: People in Power

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Sustaining Revolutions in Thought: People in Power

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Galileo influenced astronomers and is known as one of the greatest thinkers to this day. He improved the telescope and was one of the first to use it for astronomical observations. He discovered and proposed the idea of Heliocentrism. He observed Jupiters moons and continued to make other great contributions and discoveries in his time. The picture shown, is his idea/discovery of Heliocentrism. Galileo was a great philosopher/scientist and his discoveries help evidence the Revolution in Thought. (“Galileo”)

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Europes expansion had a profound impact on its Revolution in Thought. As they expanded, they encountered new cultures and civilizations. This allowed exposure to new ways of life, philosophies and more. They discovered things that challenged and later influenced their practical European life. Traveling allowed them to encounter different animal and plant species, which helped research continue and dig deeper. The expansion also helped better navigation tools and maps. The Europeans discovered many new things such as food, crops, arts, education, ideas and more. This all contributed to their growth giving them a step-up of knowledge they didn't have prior. This also helped set up their trade, with all the new things they discovered on their journeys. Exploration of new land and people played a great role in the beginning of the Revolution in Thought. (“What was the Renaissance?”)

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Trade with other countries introduced new ideas and information to China. People gained knowledge of various cultures and ways of thinking. This information sharing caused creative ideas and inventions. Through trade; new technologies such as printing and improved farming techniques were also introduced, improving living standards. Due to trade their cities expanded and developed into art and learning centers. China was known for their art and textiles, this is because they were able to trade with other civilizations, get an idea of their art and make unique pieces of their own. Such as with the Islamic Empire and Europe, the sharing of ideas and materials helped grow and develop the Song Dynasty in China. (Comparative Timelines)

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The Islamic Religion was the authority within the Islamic Empire; they set the customs and laws. The Islamic Religion was the Revolution in Thought's biggest support. If the Islamic Religion supported it, everyone else did. "The House of Wisdom" was where scholars met to share their ideas with people of other civilizations, where schools took place, and most importantly a religious building where people practiced. Islamic rulers encouraged intellectual and scientific advancements, and created the House of Wisdom to continue the discoveries and use those to get closer to their gods. They believed that the more they knew about the world and beyond, the closer they would be their deities. The Islamic Religion changed their political, social and economic structures in order to maintain and continue their discoveries, which allowed the Revolution in Thought to sustain. (Overbye)

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European Church Against science, causing immediate downfall

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European Church Against science, causing immediate downfall

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The relationship with Religion and Research has always been tricky in Europe. When Galileo proposed the idea of heliocentrism, the Church was quick to deny it and use passages from the bible to get people to support their ideas. The neglect that European Scientists got, caused them to be on their own and discoveries/philosophies came in slower because of the little support they had. The Church was what held power in Europe, many people relied to churches for information and help. If the Church was against something, so was everybody else. They went as far as punishing those who dared to question religious authority. Therefore making science or any other belief besides their religion look wrong. The Church not supporting these discoveries was what slowed them down and brought them to their downfall late on. (“Galileo”)

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Islamic Empires located in popular trade routes

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Islamic Empires located in popular trade routes

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As the Islamic Empire started to grow, certain civilizations were found in the middle of popular trade routes. For muslims trade brought revolution because it became a part of their economy. The interaction of different cultures and availability of diverse knowledge was what contributed the most in their growth. Islam as a religion was very open, and willing to learn from others/coexist.This is something Europe lacked, which caused them to be slowed down. Something that played a big role was the House of Wisdom. Scholars from around the globe would meet there to learn, share ideas, and create philosophies. Islamic Scholars were able to use others ideas and expand on them, creating the inventions that they are now known for. The strategic placement of Islamic Empires supported intellectual collaboration, cultural exchange, and a combination of knowledge from different civilizations. The sharing of ideas amongst different people was one of the largest contributors to the Revolution in Thought. (Islam: Empire of Faith)

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What caused the Song Dynasty in China was trade, its biggest support and what caused its downfall was the government. At first, the Chinese government was very supportive of the research; they would fund farmers and businesses, as well as create roads and canals to encourage trade. They funded products like arts and printing, which allowed inventions in art and textiles, this grew their economy largely. The support allowed many inventions to be created, such as; porcelain, silk, paper money, steel, iron, bridges and more. The Song Dynasty started to rapidly decoine because of attacks from the north and internal goverment corruptions. Political changes started to happen aswell as conflicts and battles, which lead to little/no support from the government. The economy was slowing down as well as the research. This shows that people in power played a huge role in the sustain of a Revolution in Thought. (“Song Dynasty”)

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"Islam raised the stakes for Astronomy." - Dr. David King

Islam is one of the few religions in history that require scientific procedures for religious practices. One of the requirements, being that when Muslims pray they need to face in the direction of Mecca. This requires knowledge on size and shape of the earth. This requirement put them ahead of others. Islamic scientists started digging deeper to discover orbits and their movement, the reading of stars in the night sky, creating calendars, globes, sundials, astrolabes and much more. The Islamic discoveries began the study of astronomy and are the base of what we know now/ continue to discover. This all ties back to the Revolution in Thought, which was where the greatest thinkers and the greatest ideas took place. (Overbye)

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In order to create the calendar, they had to observe the sun, moon, stars, seasons and more. Unlike other calendars, this was the most precise one of its time, because they had to carefully watch the sun and moon. The calendar aided the ability to tell dates and times. Overall it was a revolutionary invention that we use to this day and it greatly evidences the Revolution in Thought. (China Class Presentation)