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Start date: August 15, 1096

Western Europe

The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule.

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Start date: 722 AD

Spain and Portugal

A centuries-long effort by the Christian kingdoms of Spain to reclaim the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule.

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Founded: November 1, 1478

Spain

It resulted in consolidating power in the monarchy of the newly unified Spanish kingdom.

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The start of Islam is marked in the year 610

Islam fostered the development of a religious, political, and cultural commonwealth and the creation of a global empire.

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Created: 3 January 1916

United Kingdom and France

led to the division of Turkish-held Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine into various French- and British-administered areas.

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On May 14, 1948,

Israel sparked the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, which resulted in the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight and subsequently led to waves of Jewish emigration from other parts of the Middle East.

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1948

Afghanistan

The effects of the internal unrest and international condemnation led to dramatic changes beginning in 1989.

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Jan 30, 1933

European Jews

Areas of Russia whose Jewish populations bore the brunt of the Holocaust have seen lower economic growth and wages in the decades

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Apr 6, 1992

Bosnia and Herzegovina

250,000 men were killed during the war, 35,000 women were raped. At the peak of the war, almost 2,000,000 people were displaced. In the meantime, this number has been reduced to 500 000. Croatia alone is still hosting 100,000 refugees from Bosnia.

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June 28, 1919

France

The treaty forced Germany to surrender colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific

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January 30, 1933

Germany

The Nazi Party transformed from a small, violent, revolutionary party to the largest elected party in the Reichstag.

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June 1944

Normandy

They pushed back against Axis forces until Germany was forced to surrender less than a year later.

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This changed our lives since we could settle down in one spot and develop our harvests. Well, could you at any point imagine not rummaging for berries or hunting down wild animals? Life got way more straightforward, brother. People had more time to look into art, science, and even building cities when food production was stable. Additionally, it prompted the creation of complex social orders with specializations in abilities like ceramics or metalworking. The Neolithic Upset made way for development as far as we might be concerned today.

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The Green Revolution, a set of initiatives aimed at increasing agricultural productivity through the use of modern farming techniques and technologies, has had a significant impact on global food production and alleviating hunger. By introducing high-yielding crop varieties, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides, the Green Revolution enabled farmers to produce higher yields in shorter growing periods. This not only ensured food security but also allowed developing countries to increase their agricultural exports, improving their economies.

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The creation of gunpowder was a pivotal moment in human history, with profound importance and impact that resonates to this day. Developed by the Chinese during the Tang Dynasty in the 9th century, gunpowder revolutionized warfare by providing an explosive force capable of propelling projectiles at high velocity. This innovation brought about significant changes in military tactics, leading to the emergence of firearms as a dominant force on the battlefield. The introduction of gunpowder also challenged traditional methods of warfare, such as archery and cavalry charges, and paved the way for the militarization of societies worldwide.

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The Industrial Revolution, which spanned from the late 18th century to the early 19th century, had a profound impact on global economies, societies, and politics. This period of rapid industrialization marked a shift from manual labor to machine-driven manufacturing processes, fueling significant advancements in technology, production efficiency, and economic growth. The introduction of factories and machinery not only spurred mass production but also led to urbanization as rural populations migrated to cities in search of better job opportunities. Consequently, this transformation had far-reaching consequences for social structures and culture as traditional agrarian societies witnessed the rise of the working class with stark socioeconomic disparities emerging between factory owners and laborers.

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The impact of plastic being made is significant and wide-ranging. The production of plastic involves extracting and refining fossil fuels, primarily oil and natural gas, which not only contributes to environmental degradation but also fuels climate change through the release of greenhouse gases. It is estimated that the manufacturing process of plastic accounts for about 10% of global CO2 emissions. Additionally, the production and disposal of plastic generate vast amounts of waste. Plastic waste often ends up in landfills or pollutes natural ecosystems such as oceans and rivers, causing harm to wildlife and marine life while taking hundreds of years to decompose.

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The impact of Christopher Columbus's "discovery" of the Americas on both Europe and the indigenous populations cannot be understated. From a European perspective, Columbus's voyages opened up new trade routes, resources, and possibilities for colonization. The riches extracted from the New World fueled European economies and catalyzed the transition from feudalism to capitalism. Moreover, Columbus's expeditions set in motion an era of global exploration and expansion that shaped the modern world as we know it today.

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The Syrian Civil War, which began in 2011, has had a profound impact not only on the people of Syria but also on the region and the international community as a whole. The conflict has resulted in an estimated death toll exceeding 400,000 people and millions displaced from their homes, creating a massive humanitarian crisis. Beyond the staggering loss of life and displacement, the war has destabilized the Middle East region by providing fertile ground for terrorist organizations like ISIS to thrive. The conflict has also fueled sectarian tensions between different religious and ethnic groups within Syria and spilled over into neighboring countries, exacerbating existing conflicts.

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon

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The impact of Neil Armstrong's historic steps onto the surface of the moon cannot be overstated. His actions on July 20, 1969, marked an unparalleled achievement for the human race, symbolizing our collective ability to overcome seemingly insurmountable challenges and expand the boundaries of exploration. Armstrong's momentous walk instilled a sense of pride and admiration not only in America but also around the world, serving as a testament to humanity's indomitable spirit and scientific progress. From a professional standpoint, his accomplishment revolutionized space exploration by demonstrating that humans are capable of voyaging beyond Earth and paving the way for subsequent missions that have deepened our understanding of our celestial surroundings.

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The World Trade Organization (WTO) was founded in 1995 as a replacement to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It is an international organization that sets the rules for global trade and provides dispute settlement services to ensure that all member countries abide by its rules. The WTO is a major force in the global economy and helps to promote free trade between nations by reducing tariffs and other barriers to international trade.

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The invention of the printing press in the 15th century had a major impact on society. It allowed for the mass production of books and other printed materials, which helped to spread knowledge and information throughout Europe. This invention also helped to create a more literate society, which in turn helped to spark the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment. The printing press revolutionized the way people communicated and was a major factor in the advancement of society.

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Facebook is an online social media platform that has revolutionized the way people communicate with one another. It was launched in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg and his team of Harvard students, and has since grown to become one of the largest and most influential social networks in the world. With over 2 billion active users, Facebook provides a platform for people to connect with friends and family, share news and entertainment, and engage in conversations about a wide range of topics. The platform has also opened up a whole new world of opportunities for businesses, allowing them to reach an unprecedented number of potential customers. Facebook continues to evolve and expand, and it is clear that it will continue to be a major player in the social media landscape for years to come.

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Cambridge Analytica, a political consulting firm that had a hand in influencing the 2016 US presidential election, announced it was declaring bankruptcy in May 2018. The company had come under fire for obtaining personal data from millions of Facebook users without their knowledge or consent. In the wake of the scandal, Cambridge Analytica faced class-action lawsuits and government investigations, leading to its ultimate failure.

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The Battle of Thermopylae ends in defeat for the Greeks

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The Battle of Thermopylae ends in defeat for the Greeks

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The Battle of Thermopylae was a pivotal moment in Ancient Greek history, as it marked the end of the Greek fight against the invading Persian forces. Despite the heroic efforts of the 300 Spartans and their allies, the Greeks were ultimately defeated in this battle. This defeat was a major turning point in the Persian Wars, allowing the Persian forces to move further into Greece and eventually overpower the Greeks. The legacy of the Battle of Thermopylae has lived on, however, as it has become a symbol of courage and bravery in the face of overwhelming odds.

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The Battle of the Somme was a major battle of World War I fought between July and November 1916. It was fought between the Allied forces and the German Empire on the Western Front along a 15 mile stretch of the Somme River in northern France. The battle was one of the bloodiest in history, with more than 1 million casualties on both sides. It is remembered for its devastating artillery bombardment that preceded the Allied infantry attack, and the bravery of the Allied soldiers in the face of seemingly insurmountable odds.

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On August 9th, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. This was the second atomic bomb used in warfare, and its devastating effects killed an estimated 70,000 people in just a few minutes. The atomic bomb brought an end to World War II, and serves as a reminder of the destructive power of nuclear weapons.