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Feminism is the socio-political movement advocating for the rights and equality of women. According to Constance Grady of Vox, feminism was first compared to a series of waves in 1968 by Martha Weinman Lear in a New York Times article, where the metaphor gained popularity to describe the distinct phases of the movement as it evolved over the decades. These waves of feminism represent different historical periods marked by shifts in feminist goals, ideologies, and methods of activism. Each wave builds upon the achievements and challenges of its predecessor, contributing to an ongoing dialogue about gender equality and social justice. There is much debate about the different waves of feminism as well. Pinpointing exactly when each wave of feminism began and ended, as well as the precise number of waves, is a subject of ongoing debate among scholars and activists. Additionally, each wave encompasses a spectrum of perspectives and goals, which can make it difficult to accurately summarize the ideologies of each wave.

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Not so long ago, it was a fierce political statement for a woman to be wearing a suit, and in some cases even illegal.

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The First Wave of Feminism refers to the suffragettes of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These activists were the West’s first sustained political movement dedicated to achieving political equality for women. The main objective of the first wave focused on securing women's legal rights, primarily the right to vote. These first-wavers would march, lecture, protest, and face arrest, ridicule, and violence as they fought for their suffrage and legal rights. Some of these other legal rights include education, employment, and the right to own property. The first wave feminists ultimately achieved successes in many of their goals, with women gaining the right to vote in several countries, such as the United States and the U.K. However, these advances were largely limited to privileged white women only.

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Second wave feminists rejected the sexualization of women. Helen Reddy's hit song "I Am Woman," played a significant role in the feminist movement.

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The second wave of feminism emerged during the 1960s and 70s and lasted until the late 80’s. These feminists aimed to increase equality for women by building on previous feminist gains from the first wave. This second wave delved into broader societal structures, challenging cultural norms and addressing issues such as reproductive rights, workplace discrimination, and sexual liberation.  It was a movement that was focused on critiquing patriarchal, or male-dominated, institutions and cultural practices throughout society. As part of their protests, participating activists rejected what they considered to be symbols of women’s objectification, including bras, razors, and dirty magazines. The second wave of feminism won some major legislative and legal victories, including The Equal Pay Act of 1963, Title IX, which gave women the right to educational equality, and Roe v. Wade, which guaranteed women reproductive freedom.

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The third wave of feminism embraced intersectionality and dealt with issues concerning race, disabilities, trans, and queer rights.

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The third wave of feminism emerged in the early 1990s and continued into the 21st century, representing a diverse and intersectional approach to gender issues. Unlike its predecessors, third-wave feminism recognizes and embraces intersectionality, acknowledging that women's experiences are shaped by factors such as race, class, sexuality, and more. Issues such as reproductive rights, sexual harassment, and LGBTQ+ rights are central to third-wave feminism. Third wave feminists also embraced the ideas and aesthetics of femininity that the second wave had worked to reject, arguing that the rejection of girliness was in itself misogynistic. It is still debated when the third wave of feminism finally ended, or if it even ended at all.

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The fourth wave is generally characterized by its engagement with technology, particularly social media, as a powerful tool for activism.

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The fourth wave of feminism, beginning around the early 2010s, is characterized by a strong connection to technology and social media. Activists within this wave use online platforms to mobilize, share experiences, and address a wide array of issues, including online harassment, reproductive rights, and gender-based violence. Building on the achievements of the third wave, the fourth wave is recognized for its heightened awareness of intersectionality, its emphasis on inclusivity, and the amplification of voices from marginalized groups within the feminist movement. The fourth wave has also found some success from social media campaigns, most notably the #MeToo movement and #YesAllWomen campaign. These movements have since expanded beyond social media, leading to widespread discussions about power dynamics, consent, and accountability.