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1. Diwali (Perayaan Cahaya)

Bila: Oktober/November

- Signifikasi:

Menyambut kepulangan Lord Rama ke Ayodhya selepas 14 tahun dalam buangan dan kemenangannya ke atas Ravana, melambangkan kemenangan cahaya atas kegelapan dan kebaikan atas kejahatan.

- Cara Sambutan:

- Menyalakan pelita minyak (diyas) dan menghias rumah.

- Membakar mercun dan persembahan bunga api.

- Melakukan Lakshmi Puja untuk kekayaan dan kesejahteraan.

- Berkongsi hadiah, manisan, dan hidangan istimewa.

2. Holi (Perayaan Warna)

Bila: Mac

- Signifikasi:

Menyambut kedatangan musim bunga dan memperingati kemenangan kebaikan ke atas kejahatan, berdasarkan kisah Prahlada dan Holika.

- Cara Sambutan:

- Bermain dengan serbuk warna-warni dan air.

- Menyanyi, menari, dan berkumpul di tempat awam.

- Menyediakan hidangan istimewa seperti gujiya dan thandai.

- Menyalakan unggun api pada malam sebelum Holi, simbolik pembakaran kejahatan.

3. Navratri dan Durga Puja

Bila: September/Oktober

- Signifikasi:

- Navratri: Perayaan sembilan hari untuk menghormati sembilan aspek Dewi Durga.

- Durga Puja: Memperingati kemenangan Dewi Durga ke atas Mahishasura, raksasa kerbau.

- Cara Sambutan:

- Berpuasa, menari Garba dan Dandiya semasa Navratri.

- Membina pandal Durga Puja yang dihias dengan patung dan seni.

- Jamuan bersama masyarakat, persembahan kebudayaan, dan penghantaran patung ke sungai atau laut.

4. Ganesh Chaturthi

Bila: Ogos/September

- Signifikasi:

Merayakan kelahiran Lord Ganesha, dewa yang menghapuskan halangan.

- Cara Sambutan:

- Memasang dan menyembah patung Ganesha yang cantik.

- Menganjurkan perarakan dan acara kebudayaan.

- Menyelamkan patung Ganesha ke dalam air pada hari terakhir dengan laungan "Ganpati Bappa Morya."

5. Dussehra (Vijayadashami)

Bila: September/Oktober

- Signifikasi:

- Merayakan kemenangan Lord Rama ke atas Ravana, simbolik kemenangan kebaikan ke atas kejahatan.

- Hari terakhir Navratri.

- Cara Sambutan:

- Membakar patung Ravana, Meghnath, dan Kumbhakarna dalam acara awam yang meriah.

- Melakonkan Ram Lila, penceritaan semula epik Ramayana.

- Menganjurkan pesta dan program kebudayaan di bandar dan kampung.

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Makanan India terkenal di seluruh dunia kerana kepelbagaian, rasa yang berani, dan sejarah yang kaya. Berikut adalah gambaran menyeluruh:

1. Ciri-Ciri Utama Makanan India

• Kepelbagaian: Masakan India berbeza mengikut wilayah, dipengaruhi oleh geografi, iklim, dan budaya.

• Rempah-Ratus: Masakan India menggunakan rempah seperti kunyit, jintan, ketumbar, dan buah pelaga, selalunya dalam campuran unik seperti garam masala.

• Vegetarian dan Bukan Vegetarian: India mempunyai ramai vegetarian kerana pengaruh agama, tetapi juga menawarkan pelbagai hidangan daging dan makanan laut.

2. Masakan Mengikut Wilayah

• India Utara: Terkenal dengan kari berkrim seperti Butter Chicken, roti seperti naan dan roti, serta biryani.

• India Selatan: Menampilkan hidangan berasaskan nasi seperti dosa dan idli, kelapa, dan rasa pedas.

• India Timur: Hidangan ringan dengan ikan, nasi, dan pencuci mulut seperti Rosogolla.

• India Barat: Campuran hidangan manis, pedas, dan masam seperti Dal Baati Churma dan Vindaloo.

3. Makanan Jalanan

Makanan jalanan India sangat digemari, dengan makanan ringan seperti Pani Puri, Chaat, Vada Pav, dan Dosa yang menawarkan rasa yang berani dan pelbagai.

4. Pencuci Mulut

• Pencuci Mulut Popular: Gulab Jamun, Jalebi, Kheer, Sandesh, dan Mysore Pak.

• Kebanyakan pencuci mulut berasaskan susu dan sering diadun dengan buah pelaga, safron, dan kacang.

5. Pengaruh Sejarah dan Budaya

• Pengaruh Mughal: Memperkenalkan kebab, biryani, dan kuah yang kaya.

• Pengaruh Portugis: Memperkenalkan cili, kentang, dan hidangan seperti Vindaloo.

• Ayurveda: Menekankan keseimbangan rasa untuk kesihatan dan keharmonian.

6. Jenis Roti

India mempunyai pelbagai jenis roti, daripada naan dan paratha di Utara hingga dosa dan appam di Selatan.

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Bahasa Dravidia

Bahasa-bahasa ini tertumpu di kawasan India selatan dan jirannya Sri Lanka.

bahasa Malayalam (മലയാളം) — tertumpu di negeri Kerala.

bahasa Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) — tertumpu di negeri Karnataka.

bahasa Tamil (தமிழ்) — tertumpu di negeri Tamil Nadu dan negara jiran Sri Lanka.

bahasa Telugu (తెలుగు) — tertumpu di negeri Andhra Pradesh.

Bahasa Indo-Arya

Bahasa-bahasa ini tertumpu di kawasan utara India termasuk negara jirannya seperti Pakistan, Nepal dan Bangladesh.

bahasa Assam (অসমিয়া) — tertumpu di negeri Assam.

bahasa Bengali (বাংলা) — bahasa kebangsaan Bangladesh; juga tertumpu di negeri Bengal Barat, India.

bahasa Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) — tertumpu di negeri Gujarat.

bahasa Hindi (हिंदी) — bahasa kebangsaan utama persekutuan Republik India, tertumpu di kawasan utara-tengah India termasuk kota Delhi dan sekitarnya.

bahasa Kashmir (काशुर) — tertumpu di kawasan Jammu dan Kashmir.

bahasa Konkani (कोंकणी) — tertumpu di rantau Konkan di bahagian barat India.

bahasa Marathi (मराठी) — tertumpu di negeri Maharashtra.

bahasa Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ) — tertumpu di negeri Orissa.

bahasa Panjabi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) — tertumpu di kawasan Panjab yang merentasi sempadan India-Pakistan.

bahasa Sanskrit (संस्कृत) — bahasa suci bagi agama Hindu dan agama Buddha (mazhab Mahayana) yang lahir di India.

bahasa Sindhi (सिन्धी) — tertumpu di wilayah Sindh, Pakistan dan kawasan sekelilingnya.

bahasa Urdu (اردو) — bahasa kebangsaan Pakistan.

India juga mempunyai 844 dialek.

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1. Kriket:

• Kriket adalah sukan paling popular di India, hampir dianggap sebagai agama. Acara seperti Indian Premier League (IPL) menarik jutaan penonton, menggabungkan sukan dengan hiburan. Pemain ikonik seperti Sachin Tendulkar, Virat Kohli, dan MS Dhoni adalah wira negara.

• Perlawanan ujian (Test Matches) dan kejohanan ODI seperti ICC World Cup juga sangat diikuti.

2. Bola Sepak:

• Walaupun tidak sepopular kriket, bola sepak mempunyai peminat yang semakin meningkat, terutama di wilayah seperti Bengal Barat, Kerala, dan Goa.

• Indian Super League (ISL) telah meningkatkan populariti bola sepak dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini.

• Kelab terkenal seperti Mohun Bagan dan East Bengal mempunyai sejarah panjang dalam bola sepak India.

3. Sukan Tradisional:

• Kabaddi: Sukan purba ini telah diberi nafas baru melalui Pro Kabaddi League (PKL), menjadikannya lebih menarik dan boleh diakses oleh generasi muda.

• Hoki: Dahulu kebanggaan negara, hoki padang masih memegang kepentingannya. India mempunyai sejarah gemilang di Sukan Olimpik, dengan memenangi pelbagai pingat emas.

4. Sukan Baru Berkembang:

• Badminton, dengan bintang seperti PV Sindhu dan Saina Nehwal, telah menunjukkan perkembangan pesat.

• Tenis, gusti, dan tinju juga mempunyai tokoh terkenal seperti Leander Paes, Vijender Singh, dan Mary Kom.

1. Bollywood:

• Industri filem Hindi, Bollywood, adalah kuasa besar global, menghasilkan lebih daripada 1,000 filem setiap tahun. Bintang seperti Shah Rukh Khan, Deepika Padukone, dan Salman Khan dikenali di seluruh dunia.

• Genre yang dihasilkan merangkumi aksi, drama, dan muzikal, dengan lagu-lagu menjadi sebahagian penting daripada penceritaan.

2. Pawagam Serantau:

• India mempunyai industri filem serantau yang berkembang pesat, termasuk Tollywood (Telugu), Kollywood (Tamil), dan Mollywood (Malayalam), masing-masing dengan gaya dan peminat tersendiri.

• Filem popular dari India Selatan seperti Baahubali telah mendapat pengiktirafan antarabangsa dan kemasyhuran global.

3. Muzik dan Tarian:

• Muzik tradisional seperti klasik (Carnatic dan Hindustani) serta folk wujud bersama dengan lagu-lagu moden Bollywood dan muzik bebas.

• Bentuk tarian seperti Bharatanatyam, Kathak, dan Bhangra diraikan di peringkat global.

4. Televisyen dan Penstriman:

• Televisyen India terkenal dengan rancangan realiti seperti Bigg Boss, Indian Idol, dan rancangan komedi.

• Platform OTT seperti Netflix, Amazon Prime, dan Disney+ Hotstar sedang mengubah cara hiburan dikonsumsi dengan kandungan asal India seperti Sacred Games dan Mirzapur.

5. Perayaan dan Persembahan Langsung:

• Perayaan seperti majlis pembukaan IPL, festival muzik (contohnya, Sunburn Festival), dan anugerah hiburan menggabungkan sukan dengan hiburan.

• Perayaan tradisional seperti Navratri, di mana tarian dan muzik menjadi pusat, juga menjadi peluang hiburan utama.

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1. Floating Post Office in Srinagar: India is home to the world's only floating post office, situated on Dal Lake in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. This post office operates from a houseboat and offers all standard postal services.

2. Magnetic Hill in Ladakh: Near Leh in Ladakh, there's a hill where vehicles appear to move uphill on their own when placed in neutral gear. This phenomenon is an optical illusion caused by the surrounding landscape.

3. Wettest Place on Earth: Mawsynram, a village in the Indian state of Meghalaya, holds the record for the highest average annual rainfall, making it the wettest place on Earth.

4. Lonar Crater Lake: Located in Maharashtra, Lonar Lake is a unique saline soda lake formed by a meteor impact around 52,000 ± 6,000 years ago.

5. Karni Mata Temple: Situated in Rajasthan, this temple is home to thousands of rats that are revered and fed by devotees, earning it the nickname "Temple of Rats."

6. Origin of Shampoo: The practice of using shampoo originated in India. The word "shampoo" is derived from the Hindi word "chāmpo," which means to massage.

7. Kumbh Mela: This Hindu festival is one of the largest peaceful gatherings in the world, with millions of pilgrims participating. The 2011 Kumbh Mela was so vast that it was visible from space.

8. Living Root Bridges: In Meghalaya, indigenous Khasi and Jaintia tribes have engineered living root bridges by guiding the aerial roots of rubber trees across streams, creating sturdy, natural bridges.

9. Discovery of Water on the Moon: India's Chandrayaan-1 mission, launched in 2008, was the first to confirm the presence of water molecules on the Moon's surface.

10. Indus Valley Civilization: One of the world's oldest urban civilizations, the Indus Valley Civilization, flourished in what is now India and Pakistan around 2500 BCE.

11. Largest Producer of Spices: India is the world's largest producer and exporter of spices, contributing to 75% of global spice production.

12. Nalanda University: Established in the 5th century CE in Bihar, Nalanda was one of the world's first residential universities and a renowned center for learning.

13. Great Indian Bustard: This critically endangered bird is native to India and is one of the heaviest flying birds in the world.

14. The Great Banyan Tree: Located in the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden in Howrah, West Bengal, this tree is over 250 years old and covers approximately 4.67 acres, making it the widest tree in the world.

15. Shola Forests: Found in the Western Ghats, Shola forests are a unique type of tropical montane forest with high biodiversity and endemic species.

16. Largest Vegetarian Population: Due to cultural and religious practices, India has the highest number of vegetarians globally.

17. Invention of Zero: The concept of zero as a number was developed by ancient Indian mathematicians, with Brahmagupta being one of the key figures in its formalization.

18. Shani Shingnapur: This village in Maharashtra is famous for having houses without doors. Residents believe that the deity Shani protects them from theft.

19. Kabaddi Dominance: India's national kabaddi teams (both men's and women's) have won every Kabaddi World Cup held to date.

20. Roopkund Lake: Located in Uttarakhand, Roopkund Lake is known for the skeletal remains of humans that are visible at its bottom when the snow melts. These remains date back to the 9th century.

21. Pushkar Camel Fair: Held annually in Rajasthan, the Pushkar Camel Fair is one of the world's largest livestock fairs and includes cultural events and competitions.

22. Matrilineal Societies: In Meghalaya, tribes like the Khasi follow a matrilineal system where lineage and inheritance are traced through the mother.

23. 22 Official Languages: India recognizes 22 official languages in its constitution, reflecting its linguistic diversity.

24. Jantar Mantar Sundial: The Samrat Yantra at Jantar Mantar in Jaipur is the world's largest sundial, standing at 27 meters (90 feet) tall.

25. Attukal Pongala Festival: Held in Kerala, this festival holds the Guinness World Record for the largest gathering of women, with millions participating in the ritualistic offering.

26. Origin of Yoga: Yoga originated in ancient India over 5,000 years ago and is practiced worldwide today.

27. Most Mosques in the World: India has more than 300,000 mosques, the highest number for any country, showcasing its religious diversity.

These facts highlight the rich and diverse heritage of India, encompassing its geography, culture, history, and unique traditions.

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Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal is globally celebrated as the ultimate symbol of love. Commissioned by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1632 in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal, it represents a timeless tale of devotion and loss. Its extraordinary beauty, blending Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural styles, has earned it a place among the New Seven Wonders of the World and recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Qutub Minar

The Qutub Minar is the tallest brick minaret in the world, signifying the establishment of Muslim dominance in northern India. It is a masterpiece of Indo-Islamic architecture, with intricate carvings and inscriptions from the Quran. The minaret’s impressive height and design symbolize power and religious zeal during the Delhi Sultanate period.

Gateway of India

The Gateway of India stands as an enduring symbol of Mumbai’s colonial past and its status as the “Gateway” to India. The monument is associated with key historical events, including the ceremonial departure of British troops from India in 1948, marking the end of British rule.

Bhangarh Fort

Bhangarh Fort, located in Rajasthan, is often referred to as one of the most haunted places in India. Its eerie reputation has made it a popular spot for those intrigued by the supernatural. It has been the subject of numerous ghost stories and urban legends, which have contributed to its notoriety as a haunted site. The fort’s ominous presence against the backdrop of the Aravalli hills only adds to its mystique.

Nalanda University Ruins

The ruins of Nalanda University, once one of the most renowned centers of learning in ancient India, have a dark history that involves destruction and the loss of vast knowledge. Though not typically regarded as a "haunted" location, Nalanda is linked to tragic events that add an eerie feel to its ruins, especially with legends about scholars' lives lost in its fall.

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Sari adalah pakaian lazim dalam kalangan kaum wanita di Asia Selatan khususnya anak benua India[1] terdiri daripada sehelai kain panjang tidak berjahit dibalut keliling pinggang disandangkan atas bahu mendedahkan bahagian perut;[2][3][4] kain ini digandingkan dengan suatu anak baju atau baju dalam disebut sebagai choli.[

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Kurta pula adalah pakaian tradisional bagi kaum lelaki India di majlis rasmi.

Pakaian ini merupakan kemeja panjang yang sampai ke lutut dan lazimnya diperbuat daripada kain kapas atau linen.

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Lyrical: Chammak Challo | Ra One | ShahRukh Khan | Kareena Kapoor

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India, featuring the Holi Festival of Colours, by David Lazar

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Nalanda University Ruins Tourism (Nalanda) (2025) - A Complete ...