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Quantitative data are numerical. It is anything that can be quantified, such as counted, calculated, tallied, and rated. 

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What are the types of quantitative data collection techniques?

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What are the types of quantitative data collection techniques?

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One technique is a survey. Survey is a collection of quantitative data that administers a set of questions or statements to sample of people.

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One form of conducting a survey can be through verbal administration or by taking a questionnaire that involves open-ended or closed-responses. First, good questions must be composed. Watch this video on how to create good survey questions.

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Writing Good Survey Questions - Statistics Help

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Although, open-ended questions fall under surveys. It can also be considered as qualitative, which fosters more thoughts and feelings.

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Closed-response questions present a question with specific answer choices, making it easy to collect numerical data from surveys.

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Audio of Closed-response vs. Open-ended Questions

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Audio of Closed-response vs. Open-ended Questions

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The photo above show both a closed-response and an open-ended question. Listen to the explanation of the previous board of comparing the closed-response to the open-ended response. The explanation is being summarized from pages 144-145 from Chapter 5 in Action Research.

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The next technique of quantitative data collection is rating scales. Their are two main types of scales is Likert and Likert-type. According to Chapter 5 in Action Research, A Likert (pronounced "lick-ert") scale begins with a statement and then asks individuals to respond on an agree/disagree continuum." (pg. 146)

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What is a Likert Scale? Expert tips on how to use it

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On page 148 in Chapter 5 it states, "The Likert-type scale also exists on a continuum. It requires participants to respond on a scale that examines quality, frequency of occurrence, or level of comfort." The scale can vary from excellent to poor, always to never, or very comfortable to not at all comfortable. Above is an example of a Likert-type scale found on page 148 in Action Research.

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The Internet has various resources to collect data. Some resources cost; however, some are free to use. The next four boards will showcase a few of those resources.

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The first online resource is Survey Monkey. It has several features and various ways to create a survey. To receive more detailed information on Survey Monkey, watch the Demo Video or go to https://www.surveymonkey.com.

SN: Zoomerang is an online resource that is mentioned; however, it is now powered by Survey Monkey.

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Next, is Checkbox. Although it appears to have several features, including a demo. The case studies and blog posts that hold customer's experiences lack updates posts. The most recent was in May of 2024. Linked is a blog about how a major university focused on health research automated their conflict of interest. For more information go to http://www.checkbox.com.

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Automating Conflict of Interest Disclosure | Blog | Checkbox

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Learn more about how a major university focused on health research automated their conflict of interest disclosure process.

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Lastly, Poll Everywhere is one the most popular websites chosen for surveys; especially in higher education. The site has demos and blogs as the other sources previously discussed, yet the feature being highlighted is their Poll Everywhere Resource Library. To find out more information on Poll Everywhere, go to http://www.polleverywhere.com.

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Resource Library: eBooks, Guides, and Toolkits | Poll Everywhere

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All things downloadable content for Poll Everywhere. Ebooks, guides, one-pagers and more to help improve your student and employee engagement.

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The next technique discussed under Quantitative Data Collection is creating checklists. The difference between checklists, surveys, or rating scales is they present opposite response options versus a continuum.

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15. Checklist || Quantitative Data Collection Tools|| Research Methodology||

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Figure 5.11: Sample Checklist Looking at Independent Reading at the Elementary Level (pg. 153)

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On page 152, Checklist is defined as, "a list of behaviors, characteristics, skills, or other entities that a researcher is interested in investigating."

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Formative and Summative Classroom Assessments

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Formative and Summative Classroom Assessments

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The final technique discussed in pages 144-154 under Quantitative Data Collection is Formative and Summative Classroom Assessments. Formative assessments happen during instruction to guide adjustments in teaching and often include observations, oral questions, and student reflections. Summative assessments take place after a significant period of instruction, such as at the end of a unit or course, to evaluate overall student achievement or assign final grades. Watch this short PowToon YouTube video for a quick overview of formative and summative assessments in the classroom.

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Compare formative and summative assessments