# data[].attributes.body
chapter 21 “Blood” (pp. 180-189)

Death as a normal part of nature, but witchcraft exercised in this sphere is demonized

Menstrual blood as a taboo topic in HMRC witchcraft

Nature seen as a living entity that you can connect with

—> in this specific chapter, living beings (fowl) sacrificed for witchcraft ritual

dominant judgmental narrative surrounding necromancy

In HMRC’s eyes, there is a right way to be a witch

—> more than one right way to engage with nature for the sake of witchcraft

Leonie feeling comfortable in a darker, less nature covered part of London as opposed to Niamh’s (normalized) connection to nature

Nature present in Madame Celestine’s apartment

—> smell of sage and eucalyptus

—> plants

—> red as a color of danger thinking based on nature, but red is also simultaneously a color of life (blood)

# data[].attributes.body
end of p. 146 (“Niamh was glad they couldn’t rush.”) to p. 153 (“The last few black feathers drifted to the grass.”)

deep connection ->Niamh finds it quite meditative

mutual respect between witches and nature

give and take ->Gaia gave them magic and they need to protect her

manipulation of nature (e.g. Deer, flowers, butterflies, crows)

training needed for a communal exchange between nature and them

# data[].attributes.body
How is witchcraft portrayed (in relation to nature)?
How is this type of witchcraft framed?

# data[].attributes.body
Please go through Chapter 26, "Valentina" (pp. 206-212), and Chapter 29, "Both Sides" (pp. 233-239).

How is the witch's body represented in Chapter 26, and how does Chapter 29 reflect contemporary discussions of gender?

Chapter 26:

Valentina as a "frigging glamour model" -> conforming to "rules" of gender, but emphasised that no one needs to conform to gender norms

more about auras and core identity than about bodies - individual energies, grandmother could already sense when Valentina was a child that she is a girl

Valentina's power equal to a cis-gender witch

Chapter 29

2 sides: inclusive vs. TERF

Helena: radicalized hatred, disgust and discrimination; reduction to reproductive organs and genitals, accusation of "wokeness", "protection of female space", "mother-argument"

Niamh: empathy, sovereignty, gender identity as personal

# data[].attributes.body
Please go through Chapter 14, "Black Mass" (pp. 114-126).

How do queerness and other forms of marginalization intersect in this chapter?

Growing up in a non-heteronormative household (Leonie):

traumatized because of father‘s absence

doubts if she is capable of raising a child

possibly believes that to raise a child successfully, a father is needed

—> heteronormative standard

—> minorities influenced by standards set by heteronormative people (dominating group)

Forming intersectional communities out of necessity

—> Black and Asian witches supporting each other because they went unnoticed by HMRC

White vs. Non-White thinking to protect themselves

—> response to the exclusivity in HMRC

Non-binary Drag Queen as important part of the coven

—> well-respected and powerful

—> would have no place at HMRC because of breaking the gender binary

Internalization of heteronormative thinking, but awareness

—> can be found in the critical way of thinking about Niamh (“Niamh was all daisy chains and… patriarchal bullshit.“)

Awareness of White narrative as the dominant one

—> silencing minority voices

—> “Whitening“ the origin story of witches

# data[].attributes.body
Narrative:

switch in different perspectives

first person (Altha) telling the storyline in the past as the founder of that specific story

Cultural memory:

no grave stones with the last name Weyward

written notes on the female family history

idea of the sight (flashes of future and past)

Role of witchcraft:

role of survival for Violet and Kate

posing a danger, especially for Altha due to witch prosecutions

subjecting Violet’s mother to exploitation

witchcraft as a “vehicle of power” (Foucault); empowering women such as Grace (abortion, killing her husband) but also giving power to manipulative men such as Violet’s father

passed down the line; has to be learned or honed and it can be suppressed -> family tie

Depiction of witchcraft:

strong connection to nature and animals

a female skill, connected to women’s nature

mix of knowledge and skills but also unexplainable “magic”

weaponizing witchcraft to induce fear and death (Violet sending the mayflies to Frederick, Altha using the crow to kill John)

witchcraft as a motherly trait -> educating future generations

tying witches across the globe together (Kate wanting to set out and look for others like her)

# data[].attributes.body
narrative:

Altha (1619) = first-person narrator

Violet (1942) = third-person narrator

Kate (2019) = third-person narrator

(cultural) memory:

information about characters is told through the narratives of the other characters (e.g., Altha's book, Emily)

archive in Lancaster (court documents, birth certificates are found)

house and garden in Crows Beck

jewellery

# data[].attributes.body
narrative

(cultural) memory

role of witchcraft

depiction of witchcraft

# data[].attributes.body
Speech, Gender and Sexuality

Chapter 34 (pp. 313-317)

Chapter 43 (pp. 390-393)

How are speech, gender and sexuality of Gellis and Agnes represented in these scenes?

How are the women portrayed during their trials/last minutes?

How are the two women regaining their power in these situations?

# data[].attributes.body
stripping women of reproductive rights (e.g., US)

banning transwomen from going into "places for women"

witch-hunt strengthens oppressive patriarchial regimes

period-products and other "women's products" are not for free or more expensive

men use narrative of "witches and witch-hunts" for voices against them

# data[].attributes.body
As a reference to today: overturning Roe v Wade. Exercising power over women. Found a common enemy to riot against- people in power stay in power.

The second quote emphasises that witch hunts were gender related but not gender exclusive. Men were also suspected of witchcraft. In Bamberg's history for example men were executed as witches. Similarly, during the Salem Witchtrials men were among the suspected witches

# data[].attributes.body
Read pages 84-87 of Val Mcdermid's Queen Macbeth what makes it anachronistic?  Further consider the question:

Is McDermid’s presentation of present-day sexuality in the past problematic, since it may imply that there are no more ongoing structural inequalities in the present that still limit sexual equality?

# data[].attributes.body
Read the excerpts on the VC of Val McDermid’s Queen Macbeth

Compare the witches in the novel to the ones in the play

Choose categories for your comparison (e.g. appearance, powers, etc.)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Listen to the latest episodes of Witch on BBC Audio

# data[].attributes.body
- Different body types, ages, genders (Wiccan)
- queerness
- borders between "witchy" and regular hobbies/jobs
- embracing the stereotype (fortune teller)
- combining "being a witch"/witchy knowledge with the demands of capitalism - witches ususally in a coven vs. Agatha's ability to steal others magic/killing covens
- wichtcraft = rituals & knowledge
- Rio = death = Dia de los muertos aesthetic
- Often set in a dark environment, lots of nature elements (forest as main setting)

# data[].attributes.body
- runes for aesthetics
- hypermasculin presentations of male presenting characters
- not as stereotypical depictions of female presenting characters
- Wizard (of either gender) as the most powerful card
- older age = less feminine presentation, more depicted like "hags", unruly bodies
- other games: witches, druids
- nature connection

# data[].attributes.body
- house full of female psychics (coven-like/ family-like)
--> number 3 as the perfect number
- different body types but still aesthetically described, different genders, but mainly female characters
- different abilities
- fortune telling, tarot cards --> uses stereotypes
- seeing future deaths
- leylines --> enhancing the powers = naturally occurring pathways (rivers, roads...) --> witches as bridges/connectors?
- mirror magic, scrying bowls
- Welsh mythology

# data[].attributes.body
The ghost wears a pointy hat, which makes him appear witch-like. Without the hat, the ghost would simply be a spooky figure, but the hat immediately makes it witchy. Ghosts are not historically associated with witches.

# data[].attributes.headline
Tomi Adeyemi, Children of Blood and Bone

# data[].attributes.subject
Tomi Adeyemi, Children of Blood and Bone

# data[].attributes.body
It is an enemies-to-lovers book. Tyrannical rule wants to eradicate magic. Protagonist is fighting for survival. Witch elements are spirits, supernatural creatures and magic in general. The protagonist's mother has been a reaper.

# data[].attributes.body
The Witch: Seductiveness, pagan tradition and connection to animals,

Wide spectrum of cultural products: series, movies, books for all age ranges and audiences

Either old hag or young and seductive

Nudity, worshipping the devil, pagan queer orgies

Bodily authority ?! of witches

# data[].attributes.body
In these postcards a witch is depicted as a woman who does not follow the rules of society. And the quotes are making fun of the fear that society holds about such females.

Also one of the cards mention that :

Back then ^^ the witches were burned

Now ^^ witches set fire on everything

# data[].attributes.body
It is a book about self-realization and self-betterment. It uses tools that we associate with witchcraft defined from a modern point of view. It is not historically accurate and presents things in a commercialized, positive way. By advertising it as a book of spells, it attracts an audience who is already interested in witchcraft and who probably would not have bought a general self-help book.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
G. Regional and National Studies--1500 to the Present

Baschwitz, Kurt. Der Massenwahn: Ursache und Heilung des deutschen Hasses. Munich 1932.

Baumgarten, Achim R. Hexenwahn und Hexenverfolgungen im Naheraum. Frankfurt, 1987.

Behringer, Wolfgang. "Allemagne, 'Mère de tant de sorcières' au cour des persécutions," in Magie et sorcellerie en Europe, ed. R. Muchembled. Paris, 1994, pp. 59-98.

___________________ (ed). Hexen und Hexenprozesse in Deutschland. Munich, 1988.

___________________. Hexenverfolgung in Bayern. Munich, 1988.

___________________. Kinder "Kinderhenexprozesse: Zur Rolle von Kindern in der Geschichte der Hexenverfolgungen," Zeitschrift für historische Forschung 16 (1989): 31-47.

___________________. Witchcraft Persecutions in Bavaria: Popular Magic, Religious Zealotry and Reason of State in Early Modern Europe. trans. J. C. Grayson and D. Lederer. Cambridge, 1998.

Bever, Edward. "Witchcraft, Fears and the Suppression of Magic in Early Modern Württemberg", Princeton Ph. D. Diss. (1983).

Binz, Carl. Doctor Johann Weyer. Bonn, 1885; rev. Berlin, 1896.

Brauner, Sigrid. Fearless Wives and Frightened Shrews: the Construction of the Witch in Early Modern Germany. Amherst, 1995.

Burr, George L. The Fate of Diedrich Flade. N. Y., 1891,

Decker, Rainer. "Die Haltung der römischen Inquisition gegenüber Hexenglauben und Exorzismus am Beispiel der Teufelsaustreibungen in Paderborn 1657," in Das Ende der Hexenverfolgung, ed. S. Lorenz and D. R. Bauer (Stuttgart, 1995): 97-115.

_____________."Die Hexenverfolgungen im Herzogtum Westfalen," Westfälische Zeitschrift 131/132, (1981-2): 339-86.

_____________. "Die Hexenverfolgungen im Hochstift Paderborn," Westfälische Zeitschrift 128 (1978): 315-56.

Degn, Christian, Hartmut Lehmann, and Dagmar Unverhau (eds.). Hexenprozesse: Deutsche und scandinavische Beiträge. Neumünster,1983.

Dienst, Heide. "Magische Vorstellungen und Hexenverfolgungen in den österreichen Alpenländern (15-18 Jahrhundert) in E. Zöllner (ed.), Wellen der Verfolgungen in der österreichischen Geschichte. Vienna,1986.

Johannes Dillinger, Böse Leute: Hexenverfolgungen in Schwäbish-Österreich und Kurtrier im Vergleich. Trierer Hexenprozesse Band 5, 1999.

________________. "Evil People": A comparative Study of Witch Huntsd in Swabian Austria and the Electorate of Trier Trans. Laura Stokes. Charlotteesville, 2009.

Durrant, Jonathan. Witchcraft, Gender and Society in Early Modern Germany. [Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions 124], Leiden, 2007.

Gebhardt, Horst Heinrich. Hexenpozesse im Kurfürstum Mainz des 17 Jahrhunderts. Aschaffenburg, 1989.

Görres, Johann. Mystik, magie und dämonie. Munich, 1927.

Gross, Johann. Die grosse Ohnmacht des Fürsten der Finsterniss. Leipzig, 1734.

Haas, A. "Über das pommersche Hexenwesen im 16 und 17 Jahrhundert", Baltische Studien 34 (1932): 158-202.

Heberling, R. "Zauberei- und Hexenprozesse in Schleswig-Holstein-Lauenburg", Zeitschrift der Geselschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinishce Geschichte 45 (1915): 116-247.

Herzig, Tamar. Christ Transformed into a Virgin Woman: Lucia Broadelli, Heiruch Institoris, and the Defense of the Faith. Rome, 2013.

Honegger, Claudia."Die Hexen in der Neuzeit", in Honegger, ed. Die Hexen der Neuzeit.. Frankfort, 1978.

Hoppstätdler, K. "Die Hexenverfolgungen in Saarländischen Raum", Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Saargegund 9 (1959), 210-67.

Jahn, Ulrich. Hexenwesen und Zauberei in Pommern. Stettin, 1886.

Kampfen, Peter J. Hexen und Hexenprozess in Wallis. 1867.

Kiesewetter, Karl. Faust in der Geschichte und Tradition; mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des occulten Phänomenalismus ... Leipzig, 1893.

Kunstmann, H. H. Zauberwahn und Hexenprozess in der Reichstadt Nürnberg. Nürnberg, 1970.

Kunze, Michael. Der Prozess Pappenheimer. Elsbach, 1981.

_____________. Highroad to the Stake: A Tale of Witchcraft. Chicago, 1987.

Labouvie, Eva. Zauberei und Hexenwerk. Ländliche Hexenglaube in der frühen Neuzeit. Frankfurt, 1987.

____________."Männer im Hexenprozess: zur Sozialanthropologie eines 'männlichen' Verständnisses von Magie und Hexerei," Geschichte und Gesellschaft 16 (1190): 56-78.

Lehmann, Hartmut. "Hexenverfolgungen und Hexenprozesse in Alten Reich zwischen Reformation und Aufklarung," Jahrbuch de Instituts für Deutsche Geschichte 7 (1978), 13-70.

______________. "The Persecution of Witches as Restoration of Order: the Case of Germany, 1590s-1650s," Central European History 21 (1988), 107-121.

Leutenbauer, S. Hexerei- und Zaubereidelikt in der Literatur von 1450 bis 1550. Berlin, 1972.

Liebelt, K. "Geschichte des Hexenprozess in Hessen-Kassel", Zeitschrift des Vereins für Geschichte und Landekunde 58 (1932), 1-144.

Lorenz, Sönke. Aktenversendung und Hexenprozesz. Dargestellt am Beispiel der Juristfakultäten Rostock und Greifswald (1570/82-1630). 2 vols. Frankfurt am Main, 1982-83.

_____________. "Johann Georg Goedelmann--Ein Gegner des Hexenwahns? in R. Schmidt, Beiträge zur Pommerschen und mecklenberischen Geschichte (Marburg, 1981), pp. 61-105.

_____________ and Jürgen Michael Schmidt, Wider alle Hexerei und Teufelswerk: Die Europaische Hexenverfolgung und Ihre Auswirkungen auf Süddeutschland. Ostfildern, 2007.

Meili, David. Hexen in Wasterkingen: Magie und Lebensform in einem Dorf des fruhen 18. Jahrhunderts. Basel, 1980.

Meinhold, W. Mary Schweidler, the amber witch, The most interesting trial for witchcraft ever known. trans. Lady Duff Gordon.London, 1846.

Merzbacher, F. Die Hexenprozesse in Franken. Munich, 1970.

Midelfort, H. C. E. Witch hunting in Southwestern Germany,1562-1684. Stanford,1972.

_______________ "Witch hunting and the Domino Theory", in James Obelkevich (ed.) Religion and the People. (1979).

_______________. "Heartland of the witchcraze: central and northern Europe", History Today 31 (1981).

Paulus, Nikolaus. Hexenwahn und Hexenprozess, vornehmlich im 16. Jahrhundert. Freiburg-im-Breisgau, 1910.

Pohl, Herbert. Hexenglaube und Hexenverfolgung im Kurfürstentum Mainz. Geschichliche Landeskunde 32. Stuttgart, 1988.

Reich, Felix. Hexenprozess in Danzig und in den westpreussischen Grenzgebieten. Munich,1940.

Reizler, S. Geschichte des Hexenprozess in Bayern. Stuttgart,1896.

Rinscheid, J. "Die Hexenwahn im Wildenburger Lande", Mitteilungen der Westdeutschen Gesellschaft für Familienkunde 21 (3-4) (1963):, 203-76.

Robisheaux, Thomas. The Last Witch of Langenburg: Murder in a German Village. New York, 2009.

_________________. "The German Witchcraft Trials," in Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America, ed. Brian P. Levack, pp. 178-98.

Roper, Lyndal. "Stealing Manhood: Capitalism and Magic in Early Modern Germany," Gender and History 3 (1991:, 4-22.

_____________"Witchcraft and Fantasy in Early Modern Germany," History Workshop 32 (1991):19-43.

_____________. Oedipus and the Devil: Witchcraft, Sexuality and Religion in Early Modern Europe. London and New York, 1994.

______________. Witch Craze: Terror and Fantasy in Baroque Germany. New Haven and London, 2005.

Rummel, Walter. Bauern, Herren und Hexen: Studien zur Sozialgeschichte sponheimischer und kurtrierischer Hexenprozesse, 1574-1664. Göttingen, 1991.

Sabean, David W. Power in the Blood: Popular Culture and Village Discourse in Early Modern Germany. Cambridge, 1984.

Schormann, Gerhard. Hexenprozesse in Deutschland. Göttingen, 1981.

__________________. Hexenprozesse in Nordwestdeutschland. Hildesheim, 1977.

__________________. Der Krieg gegen die hexen: Das Ausrottungsprogramm des Kurfürsten von Köln. Göttingen, 1991.

Schwarzwälder, Herbert. "Die Formen des Zauber- und Hexenglaubens und seiner Umgebung, vor allem während des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts," Heimat und Volkstum. Bremer Nachträge zur niederdeutschen Volkskunde (1958): 3-68.

_____________________. "Die Geschichte des Zauber- und Hexenglaubens in Bremen", Bremisches Jahrbuch 46 (1959):156-233 and 47 (1961): 99-142.

Swerhoff, Gerd. "Zentrum und treibende Kräfte der frühneuzeitlichen Hexenverfolgung: Sachse im regionalen Vergleich," Neues Archiv für sächsische Geschichte 79 (2008), 61-100.

Scribner, Bob. "Witchcraft and Judgement in Reformation Germany," History Today 40 (April, 1990), 12-19.

Siebel, Friedrich W. Die Hexenverfolgung in Köln. Ph. D. dissertation, Bonn 1959.

Stokes, Laura. Demons of Urban Reform: Early European Witch Trialsand Criminal Justice, 1430-1530. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

Trusen, Winfried. "Rechtliche Grundlagen der Hexenprozesse und ihrer Beendigung," in Das Ende der Hexenverfolgung, ed. S. Lorenz and D. R. Bauer (Stuttgart, 1995): 213

Unverhau, Dagmar. "Aufruhr und Rebellion im Amt Bergedorf wegen eines Zauberers und dreier Zauberinnen im Jahr 1612," Zeitschrif des Vereins für Hamburgische Geschichte 68 (1982): 1-22.

_________________. "Kieler Hexen und Zauberer zur Zeit der groszen Verfolgungen (1530-1676)," in Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Kieler Stadtgeschichte 68 (1981), 41-96.

_________________, "Akkusationsprozess-Inquisitionsprozess. Indikatoren für die Intensität der Hexenverfolgung in Schleswig-Holstein," in C. Degn, H. Lehman and D. Unverhau, Hexenprozesse: Deutsche und Skandinavische Beiträge (Studien zur Volkskunde und Kulturgeschichte Schleswig Holsteins 12). (Neumünster, 1983): 59-142

Valentinitsch, H. (ed.) Hexen und Zauberer. Graz, 1987.

van Oorschot, Theo G.M. "Ihrer Zeit voraus: Das Ende der Hexenverfolgung in der Cautio Criminalis," in Das Ende der Hexenverfolgung, ed. S. Lorenz and D. R. Bauer (Stuttgart, 1995)

Walinski-Kiehl, Robert S. "Godly States: Confessional Conflict and Witch-Hunting in Early Modern Germany," Mentalité-Mentalities 5 (1988)

Williams, Gerhild Scholz. Defining Dominion: The Discourses of Magic and Witchcraft in Early Modern France and Germany. Ann Arbor, 1995.

Volk, Franz. Hexen in der Langvogtei Ortenau und der Reichstadt Offenburg. Lahr, 1882.

Wunde, Heidi. "Hexenprozesse im Herzogtum Preussen während des 16 Jahrhunderts," in Christian Degn, Hartmut Lehman and Dagmar Unverhau, Hexenprozesse: Deutsche und Skandinavische Beiträge (Studien zur Volkskunde und Kulturgeschichte Schleswig Holsteins 12). Neumünster, 1983.

Wüst, Wolfgang. "Inquisitionsprozess und Hexenverfolgung in Hochschrift Augsburg im 17 und 18 Jahrhundert," zeitschrift für Bayerische Landesgeschichte 50 (1987): 109-26.

Zwetsloot, Hugo, S. J. Friedrich Spee und die Hexenprozesse. Trèves, 1954.
2. France and the Low Countries
Attfield, Robin, "Balthasar Bekker and the Decline of the Witch-Craze: the Old Demonology and the New Philosophy," Annals of Science 42 (1985): 383-395.

Barbery D'Aurevilly, Jules A. Bewitched. N. Y., 1928, 276 p. 843 B 233e Tw.

_________________________. The Diaboliques. N. Y., 1925. Also a 1964 ed.

Baudrillart, H. J. Bodin et son temps ... Paris, 1853. Bavoux, François. "Les caractères originaux de la sorcellerie dans le Pays de Montbéliard", Mémoires de la Société pour l'histoire du droit et des institutions des anciens pays bourguignons, comptais et romands 20 (1958-59).

________________. Hantises et diableries dans la terre abbatiale de Luxeuil d'un procès de l'Inquisition (1529) à l'épidémie démoniaque de 1628-1630. Monaco: Ed. du Rocher, 1956.

________________. Les Procès inédits de Boguet en matière de sorcellerie dans la grande judicature de Saint-Claude. Dijon, 1958.

________________. La Sorcerie au pays de Quingey. Besançon, 1947.

________________. La Sorcerie en Franche Comté. Monaco, 1954.

Baxter, Christopher. "Jean Bodin's De la Démonomanie des Sorciers: The Logic of Prosecution," in The Damned Art. Ed. S. Anglo, London, 1977.

Bertin, P. "Une affaire de sorcellerie dans un village d'Artois au XVIe siècle", Bulletin

Beckman, Jacques. "Une épidémie de sorcellerie à Novilles-les-Bois au début du XVIIe siècle," Annales de la société Archéologique de Namur 54 (1968), 425-469. trimestriel de la société academique des antiquaires de la Morinie 18 (1957), pp. 609-17.

________. La sorcellerie en Franche-Comté. Monaco, 1954.

Bila, Constantin. La croyance à la magique au XVIIIe siècle en France dans les contes, romans et traites. Paris, 1925. 158 Bouisson, Maurice. Magic: its Rites and History. London, 1960, 319 pp. From the French.

Braun, Pierre. "La Sorcellerie dans les lettres de rémission du Trésor des Chartres," Etudes sur la sensibilité au Moyen Age. Actes du 102e Congrès national des Sociétés savantes. Linoges, 1977, Paris, 1979.

Briggs, Robin. Communities of Belief: Cultural and Social Tension in Early Modern France. Oxford, 1989. 3 chapters on witchcraft.

_____________. Witchcraft and Popular Mentality in Lorraine, 1580-1630," in Occult and Scientific Mentalities in the Renaissance, ed. Brian Vickers. Cambridge, 1984, pp. 337-49.

_____________. "Women as Victims? Witches, Judges and the Community," French History 5 (1991), 438-50.

_____________. Witches and Neighbors: The Social and Cultural Context of European Witchcraft. New York and London, 1996.

_____________. The Witches of Lorraine. Oxford, 2007.

Brouette, E. La sorcellerie dans le Compté de Namur au début de l'époque moderne (1509-1646). Gembloux, 1954.

Chanou, P. "Le fin des sourciers", Annales E. S. C. 24 (1969): 895-911.

Chastain, André. Un convive du "Diner d'athees" de Barbey d'Aurevilly. 1958.

de Cauzons, Th. La magie et la sorcellerie en France. 4 vols. Incl. materials about the inquisitions on Toulouse. 133 C 313m.

Clark, Stuart, "The 'Gendering' of Witchcraft in French Demonology: Misogyny or Polarity?," French Studies 5 (1991), 426-37.

Delacroix, Frederic. Les procès de sorcellerie au XVIIe siècle. Paris, 1894.

Delcambre, Étienne. Le Concept de la sorcellerie dans le duché de Lorraine aux XVI e-XVIIe siècles. 3 vols. Nancy, 1848-51.

Denis, A. La sorcellerie à Toul aux XVI e et XVII e siècles. Toul, 1888.

Dintzer, Lucien. Nicolas Rémy et son oeuvre démonologique. Lyon, 1936.

Dupont-Bouchat, Marie-Sylvie. "La Répression de la sorcellerie dans le duché de Luxembourg aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles", in Dupont-Bouchat et. al., Prophètes et sorciers dans les Pays-Bas XVIe-XVIIIe siècles. Paris, 1978.

Durkheim, E. Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse. Paris, 1912. Also an Eng. translation, 1915.

Fatio, Olivier. "Lambert Daneau," in Shapers of Religious Traditions in Germany, Switzerland and Poland, 1560-1660, ed. Jill Raitt. New Haven, 1981.

Favret-Saada, Jeanne Les mots, la mort, les sorts. La sorcellerie dans la Bocage. Paris, 1977. trans. as Deadly Words: Witchcraft in the Bocage. New York, 1980. Febvre, Lucien. "Sorcellerie: sottise ou révolution mentale?," Annales E. S. C. 3 (1948), 9-15., trans. K. Folca as "Witchcraft: Nonsense or a Mental Revolution? in A New Kind of History from the Writings of Febvre, ed. Peter Burke. London, 1973, pp. 185-92.

Fix, Andrew. Fallen Angels: Balthasar Bekker, Spirit Belief, and Confessionalism in the Seventeenth-Century Dutch Republic. Dordrecht, 1999.

Foucault, Maurice. Les procèss de sorcellerie dans l'ancienne France devant les jurisdictions séculières. Paris, 1907.

Gijswijt-Hofstra, Marijke. "The European Witchcraft Debate and the Dutch Variant," Social History 15 (1990), 181-94.

_______________________"Witchcraft in the Northern Netherlands," in Arina Angerman et al. (eds.), Current Issue in Women's History. London, 1989, pp. 75-92.

Gijswijt-Hofstra and Frijhoff, Willem, eds. Witchcraft in the Netherlands: from the fourteenth to the twentieth century. Rotterdam, 1991.

______________________. Nederland betoverd. Toverij en hekserij van de veertiende tot in de twintingste eeuw. Amsterdam, 1987.

Gilbert, L. "La Sorcellerie au pays messin," Pays Lorrain (1907).

Golden, Richard M. "Notions of Social and Religious Pollution in Nicholas Remy's Demonolatry," in Politics, Ideology and the law in Early Modern Europe: Essays in Honor of J. H. M Salmon, ed. Adrianna E. Bakos. Rochester, 1994, pp. 21-33.

Huxley, Aldous. The Devils of Loudon. New York, 1952.

Jeanton, Gabriel, "Un procès de sorcellerie à Mâcon au XVIIe siècle," Revue de folklore français 2 (1931): 317-27.

Klaits, Joseph (1982) "Witchcraft Trials and Absolute Monarchy in France," in Church, State and Society under the Bourbon Kings of France , ed. R. Golden (Lawrence, Kans.), 148-72.

Krause, Virginia. Witchcraft, Demonology nd Confession in Early Modern France. Cambridge, 2015.

Lange, Ursula. Untersuchungen zu Bodins Démonomanie. Frankfort, 1970.

Lavanchy, J. M. "Sabbats ou Synagogues sur les Bords du Lac d'Annecy," Mémoires et Documents Publiés par L'Académie Salésienne 8 (1885), 381-440.

Le Nail, J.-F. "Procedure contre des sorciéres de Seix en 1562," Société ariègoise, sciences, lettres et arts 31 (1976), 155-232.

Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel. Jasmin's Witch. London, 1987.

McGowan, Margaret. "Pierre de Lancre's Tableau de l'Inconstance dss Mauvais Anges et Demons," in The Damned Art. ed. S. Anglo. London, 1977.

Maes, L. th. "Un procèss de sorcellerie en 1642, évalué à la lumière de recentes études européennes et d'après la legislation et la theorie du droit du XVIIe siècle", Studia Mechliniensia 79 (1975): 243-68.

Mandrou, Robert. Magistrats et sorciers en France au XVIIe siècle. Paris,1968.

Marchou, G. "La sorcellerie dans le Médoc", Tour Saint Jaques 11-12 (supplement July-Oct 1957), 51-6.

Martin, X. "Aspects de la sorcellerie en Anjou,"in Histoire des faits de sorcellerie

Marx, Jean. L'Inquisition en Dauphiné. 1914.

Maury, Alfred. La magie et l'Astrologie dans l'antiquité et au Moyen Age ou étude sûr les superstitions paiennes qui se sont perpetuées jusqu'a nos jours. Paris, 1877. 133.4 M 448m.

Mellot, Jean, "La Sorcellerie en Berry," Tour Saint Jacques 11-12 (1957).

Michelet, Jules Satanism and Witchcraft. From the French. Orig. Paris, 1867.

_____________ La Sorcière. Paris, 1862.

Mollenauer, Lynn Wood. Strange Revelations: Magic, Poison and Sacrilege in Louis XIV"s France. Penn State, 2007.

Monter, E. William. "French and Italian Witchcraft", History Today 30 (Nov, 1980).

_________________. Witchcraft in France and Switzerland: The Borderlands during the Reformation. Ithaca, 1976.

_________________. "Inflation and Witchcraft: The Case of Jean Bodin", in Action and Conviction in Early Modern Europe , T. K. Rabb and J. E. Siegel (eds.), Princeton, 1969, pp. 371-89.

_________________. "The Pedestal and the Stake: courtly love and witchcraft", in R. Bridenthal and C. Koonz (eds), Becoming Visible: Women in European History. Boston, 1977.

__________________. " Witchcraft Trials in France," in Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America, ed. Brian P. Levack, pp.218-31.

Muchembled, Robert. Les Derniers bûchers.: Un Village de Flandre et ses sorcières sour Louis XIV.Paris, 1981.

___________________. Popular Culture and Elite Culture in France, 1400-1750. Baton Rouge, La., 1985.

___________________ Sorcières, justice et société aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Paris, 1987.

___________________"Sorcellerie, culture populaire et christianisme au XVIe siècle, principalement en Flandres et en Artois", Annales E. S. C. (Jan.-Feb. 1973): 264-84.

___________________"The witches of the Cambrésis: the acculturation of the rural world in the 16 and 17 centuries", in James Obelkevich (ed.), Religion and the People, 800-1700. Chapel Hill, 1979.

Oates, Caroline. "The Trial of a Teenage Werewolf, Bordeaux, 1603." Criminal Justice History 9 (1988), 1-29.

Ostorero, Martine. Folâtrer avec les démons: Sabbat et chasse aux sorciers à Vevey (1448) (Cahiers Lausannois d'Histoire Médiévale , 15) Lausanne, 1995.

Oudin, "Un procès de sorcellerie au dix-septième siècle," Mémoires de'lAcadémie des sciences, des lettres, et des arts d'Amiens 35 (1988).

Pearl, Jonathan L. "Witchcraft in New France in the Seventeenth Century: The Social Aspect, " Historical Reflections 4 (1977), 191-205.

_______________. The Crime of Crimes: Demonology and Politics in France, 1560-1620. Waterloo, Ontario, 1999.

Pfister, C. "Nicolas Rémy et la sorcellerie en Lorraine à la fin du XVIe siècle", Revue Historique 93 (1907).

Rapley, Robert. A Case of Witchcraft: The Trial of Urbain Grandier. Montreal, 1998.

Régné, Jean, "La sorcellerie en Vivarais et la répression inquisitoriale ou séculière du XVe au XVIIe siècle," in Mélanges...offerts à Charles Bemont. Paris,1913.

Rowlands, Alison. Witchcraft Narratives in Germany: Rothenburg, 1561-1652. Manchester, 2003.

Sinninghe, J. R. W. "De eerste heksenprocessen en heksenvervolgingen in Nederland, XVe eeuw", Historia 15 (1950): 170-3.

Simon, Maryse. Les affairs de sorcellerie dans le val de Lièpvre (XVIe et XVIIe siècles). Société Savante de Alsace, 2006.

_____________. "Frontières de la sorcellerie entre Alsace et Lorraine: entrelacs jurisdictionneles et variations contexuelles," Revue d'Alsace 134 (2008), 195-212.

Soman, A. F. "La Décriminalisation de la Sorcellerie en France," Histoire, Économie et Société 4 (1985), 179-203.

___________ "The Parlement of Paris and the Great Witch Hunt (1565-1640)", Sixtenth Century Journal 9 (1978).

___________ "Les procès de sôrcellerie au Parlement de Paris (1565-1640)", Annales E. S. C. July-Aug. 1977, 790-814.

___________ "Le Rôle des Ardennes dans la décriminalisation de la sorcellerie en France," Revue historique ardennaise 23 (1988), 23-45.

___________. Sorcellerie et justice criminelle: Le Parlement de Paris (16e-18e siècles). Hampshire, 1992.

___________ "Trente Procès de Sorcellerie dans le Perche (1566-1624), L'Orne Littéraire 8 (1986): 42-57.

___________. "Witch Lynching at Juniville," Natural History 95 (1986): 8-15.

Tuetey, A. La Sorcellerie dans la pays de Montbéliard au XVIIe Siècle. Dôle, 1886.

Villette, P. Abbé. "La sorcellerie dans le Nord de la France du milieu du XVe siècle à la fin du XVIIIe siècle", Mélanges de Science Réligieuse, 13 (1956), 39-62, 129-56.

_______________. "La sorcellerie à Douai", Mélanges de Science Réligieuse, 8 (1956): 123-73.

________________. La sorcellerie et sa répression dans le Nord de la France. Paris,1976.

Waite, Gary K. "Between the Devil and the Inquisitor: Anabaptists, diabolical conspiracies and magical beliefs in the sixteenth-century Netherlands." Pp. 120-140 in Radical Reformation Studies: Essays presented to James M. Stayer. Edited by W. O. Packull and G. L. Dipple. Brookfield VT,1999.

Walker, Anita and Edmund H. Dickerman."Magdeleine des Aymards: demonism or child abuse in early modern France," Psychohistory Review 24 (1996): 329-64.

Walker, D. P. Unclean Spirits: Possession and Exorcism in France and England in the Late 16th and Early 17th Centuries. Philadelphia, 1981.

Wilkins, Kay S. "Attitudes to Witchcraft and Demonic Possession in France during the Eighteenth Century," Journal of European Studies 3 (1973): 349-60.

Williams, Gerhild Scholz. The Discourses of Magic and Witchcraft in Early Modern France and Germany. Ann Arbor, 1995.
3. Switzerland
Bader, Guido. Die Hexenprozesse in der Schweiz. Affolteren, 1945.

Blauert, Andreas. Frühe Hexenverfolgungen. Hamburg, 1989.

Broye, Christian. Sorcellerie et superstitions à Genève XVIe-XVIII siècles. Geneva, 1990.

Dettling, A. Die Hexenprozesse im Kanton Schwyz. 1907. Film 2730, reel 162.

Fischer, Friedrich. Die Basler Hexenprozesse in dem 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts. Basel,1840.

Kamber, Peter. "La Chasse aux sorciers et aux sorcières dans la Pays de Vaud," Revue historique vaudoise, (1982): 21-33.

Monter, E. William. "La sodomie à l'epoque moderne en Suisse romande", Annales E. S. C. 29 (1974): 1030-1.

_________________."Patterns of Witchcraft in the Jura", Journal of Social History 5 (1971-72): 1-25.

_________________."Witchcraft in Geneva, 1537-1662", Journal of Modern History 43 (1971), 179-204.

__________________Witches in France and Switzerland: The Borderlands during the Reformation. Ithaca, 1976.

__________________. "Poursuites Précoces la Sorcellerie en Suisse," in Magie et Sorcellerie en Europe, ed. R. Muchembled. Paris, 1994, pp. 47-58.

Schacher, Joseph. Das Hexenwesen im Kanton Luzern (1400-1675). Lucerne, 1947.

Trechsel, F. "Das Hexenwesen im Canton Bern," Berner Taschenbuch 19 (1870): 149-234.
4. Italy
Accati, Louisa. "The Spirit of Fornication: Virtue of the Soul and Vrtue of the Body in Friuli, 1600-1800," in Sex and Gender in Historical Perspective, ed Edward Muir and Guido Ruggiero. Baltimore, 1990, pp. 110-140.

Aconcio, Giacomo. Satan's Strategems. San Francisco, 1940, 2 vols.

Albergamo, Francesco. Mito e magia. Naples, 1970,

Barberi. The Life of Joseph Balsamo, commonly called Cagliostro. London, 1791,

Bonomo, Guiseppe. Caccia alle Streghe. Palermo, 1959.

Brucker, Gene. "Sorcery in Early Renaissance Florence", Studies in the Renaissance 10 (1963): 7-24.

Burke, Peter. "Witchcraft and Magic in Renaissance Italy: Gianfresco Pico and his Strix, in The Damned Art. Ed. S. Anglo. London, 1977.

Decker, Rainer. Die Päpste und die Hexen: Aus den geheimen Akten der Inquisition. Darmstadt, 2003.

____________. Witchcraft and the Papacy: An Account Drawing on the Formerly Secret Records of the Roman Inquisition, trans. Erik Midelfort. Charlottesville, 2008.

Deutscher, Thomas. "The Role of the Episcopal Tribunal of Novara in the Suppression of Heresy and Witchcraft, 1563-1615," Catholic Historical Review 77 (1991), 403-21.

Gebhart, Emile. Mystics and Heretics in Italy at the end of the Middle Ages. London, 1922.

Ginzburg, Carlo. The Night Battles: Witchcraft and Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. tr. John and Anne Tedeschi. Baltimore, 1983.

______________. "Witchcraft and Popular Piety: Notes on a Modenese Trial of 1519," in Clues, Myths and the Historical Method, trans. John and Anne C. Tedeschi. Baltimore, 1989, pp. 1-16.

Herzig, Tamar. Christ Transformed into a Virgin Woman: Lucia Broadelli, Heiruch Institoris, and the Defense of the Faith. Rome, 2013.

____________. "Witchcraft Prosecutions in Italy," in Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America, ed. Brian P. Levack, pp. 249-67.

Martin, Ruth. Witchcraft in Venice 1550-1650. Oxford, 1989.

Monter, E. William. "Witchcraft in France and Italy", History Today 30 (1980).

Monter, E. William and J. A. Tedeschi. "Toward a Statistical Profile of the Italian Inquisitions, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries," in The Inquisition in Early Modern Europe, ed. G. Henningsen and J. Tedeschi. Dekalb, IL, 1986, pp.130-57.

Mormando, Franco. The Preacher's Demons: Bernardino of Siena and the Social Underworld of Early Renaissance Italy. Chicago, 1999.

__________________. "Bernardino of Siena, Popular preacher and Witch-Hunter: A 1426 Witch Trial in Rome," Fifteenth-Century Studies 24 (1998),

Odorici, Federico. Le streghe valtellina e la santa inquisizione. Milan, 1861.

O'Neil, Mary. "Magical Healing, Love Magic and the Inquisition in Late Sixteenth-Century Modena," in Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe, ed. Stephen Haliczar. Totowa, NJ, 1987, pp. 88-114.

Seitz, Jonathan. Witchcraft and Inquisition in Early Modern Venice. Cambridge, 2011.

Simplicio, Oscar di. Inquisizione Stregoneria Medicina: Siena e il stato (1580-1721). Siena, 2000.

Scully, Sally. "Marriage or a Career? Witchcraft as an Alternative in Seventeenth-Century Venice," Journal of Social History 28 (1995): 857-76.

Tedeschi, John. "Inquisitorial Law and the Witch," in Early Modern European Witchcraft, ed. B. Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen. Oxford, 1990, pp. 83-118.

_____________. "Preliminary Observations on Writing a History of the Roman Inquisition", in F. F. Church and T. George (eds.) Continuity and Discontinuity in Church History. Leiden, 1979.

______________. "The Roman Inquisition and Witchcraft: San Early Seventeenth-Century Instruction on Correct Trial Procedure," Revue de l'histoire des religions 200 (1983), 163-80.
5. Spain, Portugal and Latin America
Bennassar, B. L'inquisition espagnole XV e-XIX e siècle. Paris, 1979.

Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," in Early Modern European Witchcraft, ed. B. Ankarloo and G. Henningsen. Oxford, 1990, pp. 403-422.

Corrêa de Melo, Maria Christina. "Witchcraft in Portugal during the eighteenth century, analysed through the accusations of the Tribunal Santo Oficio de Évora," Studies in Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 303 (1992), 573-8.

Caro Baroja, Julio. Los peublos del norte de la peninsula iberica. Madrid, 1943.

________________. El Senor inquisidor y otras por oficio. Madrid, 1968.

________________. Vidas mágicas e Inquisición . Madrid, 1967, 2 vols.

Cervantes, Fernando."The Devils of Querétaro: Scepticism and Credulity in Late Seventeenth-Century Mexico, Past & Present 130 (1991): 51-69.

_________________ The Idea of the Devil and the Problem of the Indian. London, 1991.

________________. The Devil in the New World: The Impact of Diabolism in New Spain. New Haven, 1994.

Cirac Estopañán, Sebestián Los procesos de hechicerias en la Inquisición de Castilla la Nueva. Madrid, 1942.

Darst, D.H. "Witchcraft in Spain: The Testimony of Martin de Casteñega's Treatise on Superstition and Witchcraft (1529)," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 123 (1979): 298-322.

Dedieu, Jean-Pierre. L'Administration de la foi: L'Inquisition de Toléode (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle). Madrid, 1989.

Fuero juzgo en latin y castellano, cotejado con los mas antiguos y preciosos codices por la Real Academia Española. Madrid, 1815.

Gareis, Iris (ed.): Entidades maléficas y conceptos del mal en las religiones latinoamericanas / Evil Entities and Concepts of Evil in Latin American Religions. (Bonner Amerikanistische Studien, Vol.45). Aachen, 2008.

____________. "Merging Magical Traditions: Sorcery and Witchcraft in Early Spanish and Portuguese America," in Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America, ed. Brian P. Levack, pp. 412-28..

Gari Lacruz, Angel. "Variedad de Competencias en el delito de brujeria 1600-1650 en Aragon," in La Inquisición Española: Nueva visión, nuevos horizontes. Madrid, 1980, pp.319-327.

Greenleaf, R. E. Zumarraga and the Mexican Inquisition 1536-1543. Washington, 1962.

_____________. The Mexican Inquisition of the 16th Century. Albuquerque, 1969.

Henningsen, Gustav. "El 'Banco de datos' del Santo Oficio: Las relaciones de causas de la Inquisición española," Boletín de la real acadamia de la historia de la inquisiicon medieval y moderno 74 (1977). 547-70. Also in Dansk Folkemindesampling. Studier No. 12 Copenhagen, 1978. With English summary.

_____________. "The Papers of Alonso de Salazar Frias, A Spanish Witchcraft Polemic, 1610-1614", in Temenos 5 (1969): 85-106.

_____________. The Witches' Advocate: Basque Witchcraft and the Spanish Inquisition, 1609-1614. Reno, 1980.

Kamen, Henry. Inquisition and Society in Spain in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Bloomington, Ind., 1985.

______________ The Spanish Inquisition. N. Y., 1965.

Knutsen, Gunnar. Sevants of Satan and Masters of Demons. Oslo, 2004.

Lafuente y Zamalloa, Modesto. La Brujeria en Barcelona. Barcelona, n. d..

Lea, Henry. Chapters from the rReligious History of Spain, connected with the Inquisition. Philadelphia, 1890.

__________. A History of the Inquisition in Spain. New York,1907, 1922. 4 vols.

__________. The Inquisition in the Spanish Dependencies. N. Y., 1908.

Llorca, Bernadino. La inquisition en España. Barcelona, 1946.

Marchena, Abbe. Jurisprudencia inquisitorial.Montpellier, 1819.

Mello e Souza, Laura de. O diabo e a terra de Santa Cruz. Sao Paulo, 1987.

___________________. The Devil and the Land of the Holy Cross: Witchcraft, Slavery, and Popular Religion in Colonial Brazil. Austin, 2003.

Menedez y Pelago, M. Historia de los heterdoxes españoles. 7 vols.

Metcalf, Alida C. Families of planters, peasants and slaves: strategies for survival in Santana de Parnaiba, Brazil, 1720-1820. University of Texas PhD, 1983.

Monter, William. Frontiers of Heresy: The Spanish Inquisition from the Basque Lands to Sicily. Cambridge, 1990.

_______________. "The New Social History Meets the Spanish Inquisition", Journal of Social History (1984).

_______________. "Witchcraft in Iberia," in Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America, ed. Brian P. Levack, pp. 268-82.

Morgado Garcia, Arturo. Demonios, magos y brujas en la España modern. Cadiz, 1999.

Paiva, José Pedro. Práticas e crençcas mágicas. O medo e a necessidade dos mágicos na diocese de Coimbra (1650-1740). Coimbra, 1992.

Palacios, Modesto Laza. El laboratio de celestina. Malaga, 1958.

Palmer, Colin A. "Religion and Magic in Mexican Slave Society, 1670-1650". in S. Engerman and E. Genovese (eds), Race and Slavery in the Western Hemisphere: Quantitative Studies. Princeton, 1975.

Pavia, Mario N. Drama of the siglo de oro; a study of magic, witchcraft, and other occult beliefs. N. Y., 1959,

Pladevello, Antoni. Persecutio de les bruizes a les comarques de vic a principis del seale XVII. Barcelona, 1974.

Redden, Andrew. Diabolism in Colonial Peru 1560-1750. London, 2007.

Spence, Lewis. Arcane Secrets and Occult Lore of Mexico and Mayan Central Ameria: A Treasury of Magic, Astrology, Witchcraft, Demonology and Symbolism. 1930, reprint.

Silverblatt, Irene. Moon, Sun and Witches: Gender Ideologies and Class in Inca and Colonial Peru. Princeton,1987.

Tausiet, Maria. Ponzoña en los ojos: Brujería y superstición en Aragón en el siglo XVI, Saragossa, 2000; Madrid, 2004..

___________. Urban Magic in Early Modern Spain: Abracadabra Omnipotens. Basingstoke, 2014.

Villaneuva, Joquin Perez (ed.). La Inquisición Española: Neuva Vision, Nuevos Horizontes. Madrid, 1980.
6. England, Wales and the Channel Islands
Almond, Philip C. England's First Demonologist: Reginald Scot & 'The Discoverie of Witchcraft'. London and New York, 2011

Anderson, A. and R. Gordon. "Witchcraft and the Status of Women: The Case of England", British Journal of Sociology 29 (1978).

Anglo, Sydney. "Reginald Scot's Discoverie of Witchcraft: Scepticism and Sadduceeism," in The Damned Art, Ed. S. Anglo. London, 1977.

Baine, Rodney M. Daniel Defoe and the Supernatural. Athens, Ga. 1968.

Balleine, G.R. "Witch Trials in Jersey," Société Jersiase, Bulletin 13 (1939), 379-398.

Barry, Jonathan. Witchcraft and Demonology in Southwest England, 1640-1789. Basingstoke, 2012.

Bostridge, Ian. "Witchcraft Repealed," in Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe: Studies in Culture and Belief, eds. J. Barry, M. Hester G. Roberts. Cambridge, 1996, pp. 309-334.

_____________. Witchcraft and Its Transformations, c.1650-c.1750. Oxford, 1997.

Bragge, Francis. A full and impartial account of the discovery of sorcercy and witchcraft, practis'd by Jane Wenham of Hertfordshire ... London, 1712.

Brand, John. History and antiquities of Newcastle. 2 vols. London,1789.

Brann, Noel. "The Conflict between Reason and Magic in 17th Century England: A Case Study of the Vaughan-More Debate", Hunt Lib. Quarterly XLVII (1980): 103-26.

Briggs, Katherine M. Pale Hecate's Team: An Examination of the Beliefs on Witchcraft and Magic among Shakespeare's Contemporaries. London, 1962,

Carnochan, W. B. "Witch-Hunting and Belief in 1751: The Case of Thomas Colley and Ruth Osborne", Journal of Social History 4 (1970-71): 388-403.

Clark, Stuart and P. T. Morgan. "Religion and Magic in Elizabethan Wales: Robert Holland's Dialogue on Witchcraft," Journal of Ecclesiastical History 27 (1976): 31-46.

______________. A short discoverie of the unobserved dangers ... London, 1612.

Coudert, Allsiojn. Henry More and Witchcraft," in Henry More (1614-1687): Tercentenary Studies, ed. Sarah Hutton Dordrecht, 1990, pp. 114-136.

Crawford, Jane. "Evidences for Witchcraft in Anglo-Saxon England," Medium Aevum 32 (1963): 99-116.

Curtis, S. Crey. "Trials for Witchcraft in Guernsey." La Société guernesaise: Reports & Transactions, 13 (1937): 109-43.

Dalton, Michael/ The countrey justice: containing the practice of the JP's out of their sessions. London, 1677.

Darrel, John. A true narration of the ... vexation by the devil of 7 persons in Lancashire. London, 1600.

Davies, Owen. "Newspapers and Popular Belief in Witchcraft and Magic in the Modern Period," Journal of British Studies 37 (1998): 139-165.

___________. Witchcraft, Magic and Culture, 1736-1951. Manchester, 1999.

Davies, R. Trevor. Four centuries of witch beliefs. London, 1947.

Deacon, Richard. Matthew Hopkins: Witch-Finder General. London, 1976.

Dewar, Stephen. "Witchcraft and the Evil Eye in Guernsey," Guernsey Historical Monograph 3 (1968): 3-12.

DeWindt, Anne Reiber. "Witchcraft and Conflicting Visions of the Ideal Village Community," Journal of British Studies 34 (1995), 427-463.

Durston, Gregory.. Witchcraft and Witch Trials: a History of English Witchcraft and its Legal Perspectives, 1542 to 1736, London, 2000.

Elmer, Peter. "Saints or Sorcerers': Quakerism, Demonology and the Decline of Witchcraft in Seventeenth-Century England," in Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe: Studies in Culture and Belief, eds. J. Barry, M. Hester G. Roberts. Cambridge, 1996, pp. 145-79.

_________. "Towards a Politics of Witchcraft in Early Modern England," in Languages of Witchcraft: Narrative, Ideology and Meaning in Early Modern Culture, ed. Stuart Clark. Basingstoke, 2001, pp. 101-118.

Estes, Leland. "Good Witches, Wise Men, Astrologers and Scientists: William Perkins and the Limits of the European Witch Hunts," in Hermeticism and the Renaissance. Ed. I. Merkel and A. Debus. Washington, DC, 1988, pp. 154-165.

____________. "Reginald Scot and his Discoverie of Witchcraft: Religion and Science in the Opposition to the European Witchcraze," Church History 52 (1983): 444-56.

Ettrick, WIlliam. Witchcraft at Toner's Puddle, Nineteenth Century, from the Diary of Rev. WIlliam Ettrick. Ed. Christine Hole. Dorchester, 1964.

Ewen, Cecil H. L'Estrange. Witchcraft and demonianism. London, 1933.

_______________________ Witchcraft in the Norfolk Circuit. Privately printed, 1939.

_______________________ Witchcraft in the Star Chamber. Privately printed, 1938.

_______________________ Witch Hunting and witch trials, 1559-1736. London, 1929.

Flower, Margaret. The wonderful discoverie of the witchcrafts of M. amd P. Flower. London, 1619, 1972.

Gaskill, Malcolm. "Attitudes to Crime in Early Modern England, with special reference to witchcraft, coining and murder." Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994.

______________. Crime and Mentalities in Early Modern Enland. Cambridge, 2000.

______________. "Witchcraft and Evidence in Early Modern England," Past and Present 198 (2008), 33-70.

______________. "Witchcraft and Power in Early Modern England: the case of Margaret Moore, " in Kermonde, Jenny and Garthine Walker, eds. Women, Crime and the Courts in Early Modern England. Chapel Hill, 1994, pp. 125-45.

_______________. "Witchcraft in Early Modern Kent: stereotypes and the background to accusations," in Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe: Studies in Culture and Belief, eds. J. Barry, M. Hester G. Roberts. Cambridge, 1996, pp. 257-287.

_______________, "The Devil in the Shape of a Man: Witchcraft, conflict and belief in Jacobean England," Historical Research 71 (1998): 142-171.

_______________. Witchfinders: A Seventeenth-Century English Tragedy. London, 2005.

Geis, Gilbert. "Lord Hale, Witches and Rape", British Journal of Law and Society, 5 (1978): 26-44.

___________ and Ivan Bunn. "Sir Thomas Browne and Witchcraft," International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 4 (1981): 1-11.

___________. A Trial of Witches: A Seventeenth-Century Witchcraft Prosecution. London,1997.

Gibson, Joyce. Hanged for Witchcraft: Elizabeth Lowys and her Successors. Canberra,1988.

Gibson, Marion. Reading Witchcraft: Stories of Early English Witches. London, 1999.

_____________ (ed.) Witchcraft and Society in England and America, 1550-1750. Ithaca, 2003.

Gregory, Anabel. "Witchcraft, Politics and "''Good Neighbourhood' in Early Seventeenth-Century Rye," Past & Present 133 (1991): 31-66.

Guskin, Phyllis J. "The Context of Witchcraft: The Case of Jane Wenham (1712)," Eighteenth Century Studies 15 (1981): 48-71.

Haining, Peter (ed.). The Witchcraft Papers. Secaucus, NJ, 1974. (Reprints of witchcraft pamphlets.0

Hester, Marianne. Lewd Women and Wicked Witches: A Study of the Dynamics of Male Domination. London: Routledge, 1992.

Hitchcock, James. "George Gifford and Puritan Witch Beliefs." Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 58 (1967), 90-99.

Hole, Christina. Witchcraft in England. N. Y., 1947.

Holmes, Clive. "Popular Culture? : Witches, Magistrates and Divines in Early Modern England," in Understanding Popular Culture: Europe from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century, ed. S. Kaplan. Berlin , NY and Amsterdam, 1984, pp. 85-111.

____________. "Women: Witnesses and Witches," Past & Present 140 (1993): 45-78.

____________."Witchcraft and the Decline of Belief," Eighteenth-Century Life 22 (1998), 139-47.

Jackson, Louise. "Witches, Wives and Mothers: Witchcraft Persecutions and Women's Confessions in Seventeenth-Century England," Women's History Review 4 (1995): 63-83.

Kennett, White. The Witchcraft of the present rebellion: sermon preached. 1715.

Kittredge, George L. Witchcraft in Old and New England. Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 1929; New York, 1972.

Landon, Rane Eve. Religion, Witchcraft and the Supernatural in Elizabethan England. Harvard PhD dissertation.

Levack, Brian P. "Possession, Witchcraft and the Law in Jacobean England," Washington and Lee University Law Review 52 (1996): 1613-1640.

Lodge, Thomas. Wits Miserie and the World's Madnesse. London, 1596.

McCormick, D. The Hell-Fire Club. 942.575 M137h.

_____________. Murder by Witchcraft: A Study of the Lower Quinton and Hagley Wood Murders. London, 1968.

Macfarlane, Alan. Witchcraft in Tudor and Stuart England. London, 1970.

MacDonald, Michael. Mystical Bedlam: Madness, Anxiety, and Healing in Seventeenth-Century England. Cambridge, 1981.

__________________. Witchcraft and Hysteria in Elizabethan London. London, 1990.

MacLachlan, Hugh V. and J. K. Swales, "Lord Hale, Witches and Rape," British Journal of Law and Society 5 (1978): 251-61.

Marshburn, J. H. Murder and Witchcraft in England 1550-1640. Norman Okla, 1971.

Mason, James. The Anatomy of Sorcerie. (1612). Film STC reel 853.

Middleton, Paul. "Seventeenth-Century Witchcraft in Northumberland," Archaeologia Aeliana 45 (1967), 161-6.

Newton, John and Jo Bath (eds.), Witchcraft and the Act of 1604. London, 2008.

Notestein, Wallace. A History of Witchcraft in England from 1558-1718. New York, 1968,

Oates, Titus. The Witch of Endor, or the Witchcrafts of the Roman Jesebel. 1679

Pitts, John Linwood (ed.). Witchcraft and Devil Lore in the Channel Islands. Guernsey, 1886.

Pollock, Adrian. "Social and Economic Characteristics of Witchcraft Accusations in 16th and 17th Century Kent," Archaeologia Cantiana 95 (1979): 37-48.

Peel, E,. and Southern, Pat. The Trials of the Lancashire Witches.

Poole, Robert (ed.). The Lancashire Witches: Histories and Stories. Manchester, 2002.

Prior, M.E. "Joseph Glanvill, Witchcraft and Seventeenth-Century Science, " Modern Philology 30 (1932), 167-93.

Purkiss, Diane. "Desire and Its Deformities: Fantasies of Witchcraft in the English Civil War, Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 27 (1997): 103-132.

_____________. The Witch in History: Early Modern and Twentieth-Century Representations. London, 1996.

Rickert, Corinne. The Case of John Darell: Minister and Exorcist. (U. of Florida, 1962).

Rosen, Barbara (ed.). Witchcraft. Stratford on Avon, 1969. A collection of pamphlets.

Rowse, A. L. The Elizabethan Renaissance. chapt IX: "Mentality and Belief: Witchcraft and Astrology", pp. 258-304.

Rushton, Peter. "A Note on the Survival of Popular Christian Magic," Folklore 91 (1980): 115-118.

______________. "Women, Witchcraft and Slander in Early Modern England: Cases from the Church Courts of Durham, 1560-1675," Northern History 18 (1982): 116-132.

Sawyer, Ronald C. "'Strangely Handled in All Her Lyms': Witchcraft and Healing in Jacobean England," Journal of Social History, 22 (1989), 461-85.

Sharpe, J. A. Instruments of Darkness. London 1996.

___________ "Women and Witchcraft in Seventeenth-Century England: Some Northern Evidence," Continuity and Change 6 (1991): 179-199.

___________. Witchcraft in Seventeenth-Century Yorkshire: Accusations and Counter Measures. Borthwick Papers, no. 81. York, 1992.

___________. "Women Witchcraft and the Legal Process," in Kermonde, Jenny and Garthine Walker, eds. Women, Crime and the Courts in Early Modern England. Chapel Hill, 1994, pp. 106-124.

Victoria Silver, '"Wonders of the invisible world": the trial of the Lowestoft witches', in Reid Barbour and Calire Preston (eds.), Sir Thomas Browne: The World Proposed (Oxford, 2009), pp. 118-45.

Smith, Constance I. "Northamptonshire in the History of Witchcraft", Northamptonshire Past and Present 6 (1971-2).

Stoyle, Mark. The Black Legend of Prince Rupert's Dog: Witchcraft and Propaganda during the English Civil War. Exeter, 2011.

Suggett, Richard. "Witchcraft dynamics in early modern Wales," in Women and Gender in early modern Wales. Ed. Michael Roberts and Simone Clarke. Cardiff , 2000, pp. 75-103.

Swain, J.T. "The Lancashire Witchcraft Trials of 1612 and 1634 and the Economics of Witchcraft," Northern History 30 (1994), 64-85.

Teall, J. L. "Witchcraft and Calvinism in Elizabethan England", in Journal of the History of Ideas, 23 (1962) 22-36.

Thomas, Keith. Religion and the Decline of Magic. London, 1971.

Tyler, P. "The Church-Courts at York and Witchcraft Prosecutions 1567-1640", Northern History 4 (1969): 84-109.

Unsworth, C. R. "Witchcraft Beliefs and criminal procedure in Early Modern England," in Legal Record and Historical Reality, ed. Thomas G. Watkin (London, 1989), pp. 71-98.

Valletta, Frederick. Witchcraft, Magic and Supersition in England, 1640-70. 2000.

Walker, D. P. Unclean Spirits: Possession and Exorcism in France and England in the late 16 and early 17th Centuries. Philadelphia, 1981.

Willis, Deborah. Malevolent Nurture: Witch-Hunting and Maternal Power in Early Modern England. Ithaca, 1995.

______________"Shakespeare and the English Witch-Hunts: Enclosing the Maternal Body," in Enclosure Acts: Sexuality, Property, and Culture in Early Modern England, ed. R. Burt and J. M. Archer. Ithaca, 1994, pp. 96-120.

Wright, Thomas. A dialogue concerning witches and witchcraft. London, 1842. Taken from the 1603 edition of George Gifford.

Yates, F. A. The Occult Philosophy in the Elizabethan Age. London, 1979.

Young, Alan R. "Elizabeth Lowys: Witch and Social Victim," History Today 22 (1972): 879-85.
7. Scotland
Adam, Isobel. Witch Hunt. London, 1978.

Adams, W. H. D. Witch, warlock and magician. Historical sketches of magic and witchcraft in England and Scotland. (London, 1889)

Black, G. F. "Witchcraft in Scotland 1510-1727", in Bulletin of the New York Public Library 41, ii (Nov, 1937), 811-47, 917-936; 42 (1938), 34-74

___________Calendar of Cases of Witchcraft in Scotland 1510-1727. N. Y., 1938, 1971.

___________ Some Unpublished Scottish Witchcraft Trials. New York, 1940.

Brims, John. "The Ross-shire Witchcraft Case of 1822," Review of Scottish Culture 5 (1989)

Campbell, John. Witchcraft and Second-Sight in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Glasgow, 1902.

Clark, Stuart. "King James's Daemonologie: Witchcraft and Kingship," in The Damned Art. Ed. S. Anglo. London, 1977.

Cowan, Edward."The Darker Vision of the Scottish Renaissance", in I. B.Cowan and D. Shaw (eds.), The Renaissance and Reformation in Scotland. Edinburgh, 1983.

Ferguson, John. "Bibliographical Notes on the Witchcraft Literature of Scotland," Proceedings of the Edinburgh Bibliographical Society 3 (1899)

GoodareJulian (ed.) The Scottish Witch-Hunt in Context, Manchester, 2002.

______________."The Framework for Scottish witch-hunting in the 1590s," Scottish Historical Review 81 (2002): 240-50.

_____________. "Women and the Witch-Hunt in Scotland," Social History 23 (1998): 288-308.

______________."The Scottish Witchcraft Act," Church History 74 (2004): 39-67.

______________."John Knox aon Demonology and Witchcraft," Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, 96 (2005), 221-45.

____________ _,"The Scottish Witchcraft Panic of 1597" in Goodare, ed., The Scottish Witch-hunt in Context, Manchester, 2002, pp. 51-72.

_____________, James VI, King. Daemonologie (1597), ed. G.B. Harrison, London, 1924.

Keiller, Alexander. The Personnel of the Aberdeenshire Witchcraft Covens. London, 1922.

Larner, Christina. "The Crime of Witchcraft in Scotland," in Larner, Witchcraft and Religion. Oxford, 1984, pp. 23-33.

_______________. Enemies of God: The Witch Hunt in Scotland. Baltimore, 1981.

_______________. "James VI and I and Witchcraft", in The Reign of James VI and I, ed. A. G. R. Smith. London, 1973. Also in Larner, Witchcraft and Religion. Oxford, 1984, pp. 3-22.

________________. "Witch Beliefs and Accusations in England and Scotland," History Today 31 (1981); also in Larner, Witchcraft and Religion, Oxford, 1984, pp. 69-78.

Larner, C., C. H. Lee and H. V. McLachlan. Source-Book of Scottish Witchcraft. Glascow, 1977.

Legge, F. "Witchcraft in Scotland," The Scottish Review 18 (1891), 257-88.

Levack, Brian P. "The Great Scottish Witch Hunt of 1661-1662," Journal of British Studies 20 (1980), 90-108.

_____________. "The Decline and End of Scottish Witch-hunting," in Goodare (ed.), The Scottish Witch-hunt in Context, Manchester 2002, pp. 166-181.

_____________. Witch-hunting in Scotland: Law, Politics and Religion. London, 2008.

MacDonald, S W. "The Devil's Mark and the Witch-Prickers of Scotland," Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 90 (1997)

Macdonald, Stuart. The Witches of Fife: Witch-hunting in a Scottish Shire, 1560-1710. East Linton, 2002.

MacDonald, S.A. Thom and A. Thom, "The Bargarran Witch Trial: A Psychiciatric Reassessment," Scottish Medical Journal 41 (1996)

Maxwell-Stuart, Peter G. "The Fear of the King is Death: James VI and the Witches of East Lothian," in W.G. Naphy and P. Roberts, Fear in Early Modern Society (1997).

__________________. Satan's Conspiracy: Magic and Witchcraft in Sixteenth-Century Scotland. East Linton, 2001.

__________________. An Abundance of Witches: the Great Scottish Witch-Hunt. Stroud, 2005.

McLachlan, Hugh and J. K. Swales. "Scottish Witchcraft: Myth or Reality?" Contemporary Review 260 (1992), 79-84.

McLachlan, Hugh and Kim Swales. "The Bewitchment of Christian Shaw: A Reassessment of the Famous Paisley Witchcraft Case of 1697," in Twisted Sisters: Women, Crime and Deviance in Scotland since 1400, ed. Yvonne Galloway Brown and Rona Ferguson. East Linton, 2002, pp. 54-83.

Millar, John. A History of the Witches of Renfrewshire. Paisley, 1809.

Murray, George, M. R. Apted and Ian Hodkinson, "Prestongrange and its Painted Ceiling," Transactions of the East Lothian Antiquarian and Field Naturalists' Society 10 (1966).

Neill, W. N. "The Professional Pricker and his Test for Witchcraft," Scottish Historical Review 19 (1922), 205-13.

Nelson, George. "A Sermon on Witchcraft in 1697," Scottish Historical Review 7 (1910): 390-399.

Newes from Scotland (London, 1591) ed. G. B. Harrison, London, 1924.

Normand, Lawrence and Gareth Roberts (eds.), Witchcraft in early Modern Scotland: James VI's Demonology and theNorth Berwick Witches. Exeter, 2000.

A Relation of the Diabolical Practice of above twenty Wizards and Witches of the Sheriffdom of Renfrew. London, 1697.

Roughead, William. "The Witches of North Berwick," in The Riddle of the Ruthvens and Other Essays. New ed. Edinburgh: Moray Press, 1936, pp. 144-66.

Scott, Sir Walter. Witchcraft Letters Addressed to J. G. Lockhart, Esq. New York, 1970.

Seth, Ronald. In the Name of the Devil. 1969.

Sharpe, Charles K. Historical Account of the Belief in Witchcraft in Scotland. London and Glasgow, 1894.

Stevenson, David. "Major Weir: a Justified Sinner," Scotttish Studies 16 (1972)

Strafford, Helen. "Notes on Scottish Witchcraft Cases 1590-91", in Essays in Honor of Conyers Read. ed. N. Downs, Chicago, 1953.

Truckell, A. E. "Unpublished Witchcraft Trials," Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society 51-52 (1975-6), 48-58, 95-108.

A True Narrative of the Sufferings and Relief of a Young Girl. Edinburgh, 1698.

A True and Full Relation of the Witches of Pittenweem. Edinburgh, 1704.

Webster, David (ed.). Collection of Rare and Curious Tracts on Witchcraft and Second Sight. Edinburgh, 1820.

Yeoman, Louise. "The Devil as Doctor: Witchcraft, Wodrow and the Wider World," Scottish Archives 1 (1995)
8. Ireland
Bourke, Angela. The Burning of Bridget Cleary: A True Story. Harmondsworth,2001.

Byrne, Patrick. Witchcraft in Ireland. Cork, 1975.

Croker, Thomas C. Fairy legends and traditions of the south of Ireland. London, 1862, Lapoint, Elwyn C. "Irish Immunity to Witch-Hunting," Eire-Ireland 30 (1989): 76-92.

Lapoint, E.C.'Irish Immunity to Witch-Hunting: 1534-1711', Eire-Ireland 27(1992): 76-92,

Seymour, St. John. Irish Witchcraft and Demonology. Dublin, 1913.

McAuliffe, Mary. 'Gender, History and Witchcraft in Early Modern Ireland: A Re-reading of the Florence Newton trial', in Gender and Power in Irish History, ed. M. A. Gialenella Valiulis, (Dublin, 2009): 39-58.

Sneddon, Andrew. Posssesssed by the Devil Dublin, 2013.

_______________. "Witchcraft Beliefs and Trials in Early Modern Ireland," Irish Economic and Social History 29 (2012): 1-25.

Spence, Lewis. The Magic Arts in Celtic Britain. N. Y., 1945, Wright Thomas. Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland. London, 1862.

9. Colonial North America and the United States

Adler, Margot. Drawing down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers and Other Pagans in America Today. Boston, 1979.

Allen, Neal W., Jr. "A Maine Witch," Old-Time New England 61 (1971): 75-81.

Beard, George M. Psychology of the Salem Witchcraft Excitement of 1692. New York, 1882.

Boas, Ralph and Louise. Cotton Mather, Keeper of Puritan Conscience. N. Y. 1928.

Booth, Sally. The Witches of Early America. N. Y., 1975.

Boyer, Paul. and Nissenbaum, Stephen. Salem Possessed: The Social Origins of Witchcraft. Cambridge, Mass, 1974.

___________________________. Salem Village Witchcraft: A Documentary Record of Local Conflict in Colonial New England. Belmont, CA, 1972.

Breslaw, Elaine. Tituba, Reluctant Witch of Salem: Devilish Indians and Puritan Fantasies. New York, 1996.

Briggs, Katherine. "Some Seventeenth-Century Books on Magic," British Journal of Folklore 64 (1953): 445-62.

Brown, David C. "The Case of Giles Corey," Essex Institute Historical Collections 121 (1985): 282-299.

Burr, George L., ed. Narratives of the Witchcraft Cases. 1648-1706. N. Y., 1914.

_________________ "New England's Place in the History of Witchcraft", in Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, new series 21 (1911): 185-217.

Butler, Jon. "Magic, Astrology and the Early American Religious Heritage 1600-1760", Amercian Historical Review 84 (1979): 317-346.

Caporeal, Linda S. "Ergotism: the Satan Loosed in Salem," Science 192 (1976): 21-26.

Cardoza, A. Rebecca. "A modern American witch-craze," in Marwick, Max (ed.). Witchcraft and Sorcery. London, 1970.

Condon, David F. Witchcraft Trials in the Seventeenth Century," in Legal Record and Historical Reality. London, 1989, pp. 99-10.

Craker, Wendel, "Spectral Evidence, Non-Spectral Acts of Witchcraft and Confessions at Salem in 1692," Historical Journal 40 (1997)

Cross, Tom Pete. "Witchcraft in North Carolina," Studies in Philology 16 (1919): 217-87.

Davis, Richard Beale. "The Devil in Virginia in the 17th Century," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 65 (1957): 131-49; also in Literature and Society in Early Virginia 1608-1840. Baton Rouge, 1973.

Demos, John P. Entertaining Satan: Witchcraft and the Culture of Early New England. New York, 1982.

_____________."John Godfrey and his Neighbors: Witchcraft and the Social Web in Colonial Massachusetts," William and Mary Quarterly 33 (1976): 242-65.

_____________."Underlying Themes in the Witchcraft of Seventeenth-Century New England", American Hist. Review 75 (1970): 1311-26.

Drake, Frederick C. "Witchcraft in the American Colonies 1647-1662," American Quarterly 20 (1968), 694-725.

Drake, Samuel G. Annals of Witchcraft in New England and Elsewhere in the U.S. New York, 1967.

Erikson, Kai. Wayward Puritans. New York, 1966.

Fox, Sanford. Science and Justice: The Massachusetts Witchcraft Trials. Baltimore,1968.

Fuess, Charles M. "Witches at Andover," Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 70 (1953): 14.

Games, Alison. (ed.). Witchcraft in Early North America. Lanham, Md., 2010.

Godbeer, Richard. The Devil's Dominion: Magic and Religion in Early New England. Cambridge,1992.

______________. "Witchcraft in British America," in Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America, ed. Brian P. Levack, pp. 393-411.

Gummere, Amelia M. Witchcraft and Quakerism: A Study in Social History. Philadelphia,1908.

Hale, John, A modest enquiry into the nature of witchcraft. Boston, 1702.

Hall, David D. "Witchcraft and the Limits of Interpretation," New England Quarterly 58 (1985).

___________. ed. Witch-Hunting in Seventeenth-Century New England: A Documentary History, 1638-1692. Boston, 1991.

____________. Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment: Popular Religious Belief in Early New England. Cambridge, Ma., 1990.

Harley, David. "Explaining Salem: Calvinist Psychology and the Diagnosis of Possession." American Historical Review 101 (1996): 307-330.

Heyrman, Christine L.. "Specters of Subversion, Societies of Friends: Dissent and the Devil in Provincial Essex County, Massachusetts" in Saints and Revolutionaries, ed. David Hall. New York, 1984, pp. 38-74.

Hansen, Chadwick. Witchcraft at Salem. New York, 1969.

Hansen, Chadwick. "Andover Witchcraft and the Causes of the Salem Witchcraft Trials," in The Occult in America: New Historical Perspectives, ed. Howard Kerr and Charles L. Crow. Urbana, 1983, pp. 38-57.

Hoffer, Peter. The Devil's Disciples: The Makers of the Salem Witchcraft Trials. Baltimore, 1996.

____________. The Salem Witchcraft Trials: A Legal History. Lawrence, KS, 1997.

Hoadly, Charles J. "A Case of Witchcraft in Hartford," The Connecticut Magazine 5 (1899): 557-61.

Karlsen, Carol F. The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England. New York, 1987.

Keeney, Steven H., "Witchcraft in Colonial Connecticut and Massachusetts: An Anotaded Bibliography", Bulletin of Bibliography 33 (1976): 61-72.

Kences, James E. "Some Unexplored Relationships of Essex County Witchcraft to the Indian Wars of 1675 and 1689," Essex Institute Historical Collections 120 (1984): 179-212.

Kibbey, Ann. "Mutations of the Supernatural: Witchcraft, Remarkable Providences and the Power of Puritan Men." American Quarterly 34 (1982): 125-48.

Kittredge, George L. Witchcraft in Old and New England. Cambridge, MA, 1929.

Konig, David. Law and Society in Puritan Massachusetts. Chapel Hill, 1980.

LaPlante, Eve. Salem Witch Judge: The Life and Repentance of Samuel Sewall. New York, 2007.

Lawson, Deodat, "Christ's Fidelity the Only Shield against Satan's Malignity Asserted in a Sermon...1692,"in Jahrbuch für Amerikastudien 9 (1964): 228-270.

Levermore, C.H. "Witchcraft in Connecticut," New Englander 44 (1885), 792-812.

McMillan, Timothy J. "Black Magic: Witchcraft, Race, and Resistance in Colonial New England," Journal of Black Studies 25 (1994), 99-117.

Mappen, Marc (ed.) Witches and Historians: Interpretations of Salem Witchcraft. Huntington, N.Y., 1979.

Mather, Increase. Cases of conscience concerning evil spirits ... Boston, 1693.

Matossian, Mary. "Ergot and the Salem Witchcraft Trials," in Mary Matossian Poisons of the Past. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

Middlekauff, Robert. The Mathers: Three Generations of Puritan Intellectuals, 1596-1596-1728. N. Y., 1971.

Miller, Perry. The New England Mind: From Colony to Province. Cambridge, Mass. 1953.

Moore, George H. "Notes on the Bibliography of Witchcraft in Massachusetts," Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society n.s. 5 (1888) 249-72.

__________________. "Notes on the History of Witchcraft in Massachusetts," Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, n.s. 2 (1882), 162-81.

Nevins, Winfield S. Witchcraft In Salem Village in 1692. Salem, 1916, 273 pp. 973.25 N 417W 1916.

Norton, Mary Beth. In the Devil's Snare : the Salem witchcraft crisis of 1692. New York, 2002.

Orion, Loretta. Never Again the Burning Times: Paganism Revived. Prospect Heights, Il. 1995.

Owen, Dennis E. "Spectral Evidence: The Cosmology of Salem Village in 1692," in Essays in the Sociology of Perception, ed. Mary Douglas. London, 1982, pp. 275-301.

Parke, F. N. "Withchcraft in Maryland", Maryland Historical Magazine 31 (1936), pp. 271-98.

__________." Witchcraft in New York, New York Historical Society Collections (1869), 273-76.

Poole, William F. Cotton Mather and witchcraft: two notices of Mr. Upham, his reply. Boston, 1875, 30p. Z 818 M 42Bp.

Recantation of Confessors of Witchcraft. Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 2nd ser., 3 (1815), 221-25.

Records of Salem Witchcraft, Copied from the Original Documents. Ed. by W. E. Woodward. N. Y., 1969. Orig. 1864-65. 133.4 R 245W 1969.

Reis, Elizabeth. Damned Women: Sinners and Witches in Puritan New England. Ithaca, 1997.

_____________, ed. Spellbound: Women and Witchcraft in America. Wilmington, 1998.

Rosenthal, Bernard. Salem Story: Reading the Witch Trials of 1692. Cambridge, 1993.

Sewall, Samuel. Diary. 1927, 272 pp.

Stahlman, William D. "Astrology in Colonial America: An Extended Query," William and Mary Quarterly 3rd ser. 13 (1956), 551-63.

Starkey, Marion L. The Devil in Massachusetts: a Modern Inquiry into the Salem Witch Trials. N. Y., 1949.

Strandness, T. B. Samuel Seward: a Puritan Portrait. Michigan, 1967, 188 pp.

Tapley, Charles S. Rebecca Nurse. Boston, 1930.

Taylor, John Metcalf. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut. N. Y., 1908.

Thomas, M. Wynn. "Cotton Mather's Wonders of the Invisible World: Some Metaphorphoses of Salem Witchcraft," in The Damned Art., ed. S. Anglo. London, 1977.

Turell, Ebenezer. "Detection of Witchcraft," Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, 2nd ser. 10, 6-22.

Upham, Caroline E. Salem Witchcraft in Outline. Salem, 1895,

Upham, Charles W. Lectures on Witchcraft, comprising a history of the delusion in Salem in 1692. Boston, 1831.

_________________. Salem Witchcraft. N. Y., 1959. 2 vols.

Wendell, Barrett. "Were the Salem Witches Guiltless?" Essex Institute Historical Collections 29: 129-47.

Werking, Richard H. "'Reformation is Our Only Preservation': Cotton Mather and Salem Witchcraft," William and Mary Quarterly 29 (1972): 281-90.

Willard, Samuel. Some miscellany observations on our present debates concerning witchcraft. 1692 . microprint 3 631. Reprinted in Jahrbuch für Amerikastudien 9 (1964): 271-82.

Weisman, Richard. Witchcraft, Magic and Religion in 17th-Century Massachusetts. Amherst, 1984.
10. Nordic Countries
Alver, Bente G. Heksetro og Trolddom: Et Studie i Norsk Heksevaesen. Oslo, 1971.

Ankarloo, Bengt. "Sweden: The Mass Burnings (1688-1676)," Early Modern European Witchcraft, ed. B. Ankarloo and G. Henningsen. Oxford, 1990, pp. 285-317.

_______________. Witchcraft prosecutions after the end of the of the Witch Trials: A Contribution to Danish Ethnology," ARV 44 (1988), 103-53.

_______________ Trolldomprocesserna i Sverige [The Witchcraft Trials in Sweden]. Stockholm, 1971. Contains an English summary.

Dahlsgard, Inga. "Witch Hunts and Absolutism in Ancient Denmark," Cultures 8 (1982): 32-40.

Degn, Christian, Hartmut Lehmann, and Dagmar Unverhau (eds.). Hexenprozesse: Deutsche und scandinavische beiträge. Neumünster, 1983.

Gentz, Lauritz. "Vad förorsakede de stora häxprocesserna" [What Caused the Great Trials for Witchcraft?], Arv 10 (1954), 1-39. With English summary.

Hastrup, Kirsten. "Iceland: Sorcerers and Paganism," in Early Modern European Witchcraft, ed. B. Ankarloo and G. Henningsen. Oxford, 1990, pp. 383-401.

Heikkinen, Antero. Paholaisen Liittolaiset. Helsinki, 1969. Contains an English summary, pp. 374-94.

Heikkinen, Antero and Timo Kervinen, "Finland: The Male Domination," in Early Modern European Witchcraft, ed. B. Ankarloo and G. Henningsen. Oxford, 1990, pp. 319-338.

Henningsen, Gustav. "Hekseforfølgelse efter 'hekseprocessernes tid'. Et bidrag til dansk ethnohistorie", Folk og Kultur (1975): 98-151. With English summary.

___________________."Witch Persecution after the Era of the Witch Trials," ARV-Scandinavaian Yearbook of Folklore 44 (1988): 103-153.

Jacobsen, J. C. Danske Domme i Trolddomssager [Danish Judgements in Sorcery Cases]. Copenhagen, 1966.

Johansen, Jens Christian V. "Denmark: The Sociology of Accusations," in Early Modern European Witchcraft, ed. B. Ankarloo and G. Henningsen. Oxford, 1990, pp.339-65.

_______________________. "Hexen auf Mittelalterlichen Wandmalereien: zur genese der hexenprozesse in Dänemark," in Ketzer, zauberer, hexen, ed. Andreas Blauert. Franfort, 1990, pp. 217-40.

_______________________"Witchcraft in Elsinore, 1625-1626," in Mentalities-Mentalités (Hamilton, Nouvelkle-Zélande), 3, no. 1-2 (1985): 1-8.

_______________________. Witchcraft, Sin and Repentance: The Decline of Danish Witchcraft Trials," Acta Ethnographica Acad. Sci. Hungarica 37 (1992): 413-23.

Knutsen, Gunnar W. "A Central Periphery? Witchcraft Trials in Southeastern Norway," in S. Sogner, ed. Fact, Fiction and Forensic Evidence. (1997) 63-74.

_______________. "Norwegian Witchcraft Trials: A Reassessment," Continuity and Change, 18 (2003): 185-200.

______________. Trolldomsprosessene på Østlandet. Oslo, 1998.

Monter, E. William. "Scandinavian Witchcraft in Anglo-American Perspective," in Early Modern European Witchcraft, ed. B. Ankarloo and G. Henningsen. Oxford, 1990, pp. 425-434.

Naess, Hans Eyvind. "Norway: The Criminological Context," in Early Modern European Witchcraft, ed. B. Ankarloo and G. Henningsen. Oxford, 1990, pp. 367-82.

__________________ Trolldomsprosessene i Norge pa 1500-1600-tallet. Oslo, 1982.

Nenonen, Marko. Noituus, taikuus ja noitavainot: Ala-Satakunnan, Pohjois-Pohjanmaan ja Viipurin Karjalan maaseudulla vuosina1620-1700 [Witchcraft, Magic and Witch Trials in rural Lower Satakunta, Northern Ostrobothnia and Viipuri Carelia, 1620-1700.] With English summary, pp. 430-450. Suomen Historiallinen Seura, Historiallisia Tutkimuksia 165.Helsinki, 1992.

Rafnsson, M. The Witch-hunts in Iceland. Hólmavik, 2003.

Toivo, Raisa Maria. Witchcraft and Gender in Modern Society: Finland and the Wider European Experience. Aldershot, 2008.

Tørnsø, Kim. Djaevletro og folkemagi: Trolddomsforføgelse i 1500- og 1600-tallets Vestjylland. Aarhus,1986.

Weirs-Jenssen, Hans. Anne Pedersdotter: A Drama in Four Acts. trans. John Masefield. Boston, 1917. HRC

Willumsen, L.H. "Witches of the High North: The Finnmark Witchcraft Trials in the Seventeenth Century," Scandinavian Journal of History, 3 (1997): 199-221.

_____________. Witches of the North: Scotland and Finmark. Leiden, 2013.
11. Eastern Europe
Baranowski, B. Procesz czarownic w Polsce w XVII i XVIII wieku. Lodz, 1952.

Bylina, S. "Magie, sorellerie, et cultue populaire en Pologne aux XVe et XVIe siècles," Ethnographica Hungaria 37 (1991/2): 173-90.

Byloff, Fritz. Hexenglaube und Hexenverfolgung in den österreichischen Alpenländern. Berlin and Leipzig, 1934.

Evans, R. J. W. The Making of the Hapsburg Monarchy, 1500-1700. Oxford, 1979.

Klaniczay, Gábor. "Benandante-kresnik-zduhac-táltos", in Ethnographia 94 (1983).

___________. "Decline of Witches and Rise of Vampires in 18th-Century Habsburg Monarchy," Ethnologia Europaea 17 (1987), 165-80.

____________ "Hungary: The Accusations and the Universe of Popular Magic," in Early Modern European Witchcraft, ed. B. Ankarloo and G. Henningsen. Oxford, 1990, pp. 219-55.

___________. "Shamanistic Elements inCentral European Witchcraft," in Shamanism in Eurasia, ed. Mihaly Hoppál. Göttingen, 1984., pt. II, 404-22.

___________. "Witch-Hunting in Hungary: Social or Cultural Tensions?" Acta Ethnographica Acad. Sci. Hungar. 37 (1991-2),

___________ and Éva Pocs "Witch Beliefs and Witch Hunting in Central and Eastern Europe," Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 37 (1991-2)

__________. The Uses of Supernatural Power. Princeton 1990.

Kivelson, Valerie A. "Through the Prism of Witchcraft: Gender and Social Change in Seventeenth-Century Muscovy," in Russia's Women: Accommodation, Resistance, Transformation, ed. B. E. Evans, B. A. Engel and C. D. Worobec. Berkeley, 1991, pp. 74-94.

________________. Desperate Magic The Moral Economy of Witchcraft in Seventeenth-Century Russia. Ithaca, 2013.

Körner, Támás, "Boszorkányszervezeetek Magyarországon [The Hungarian Witch Organization] Ethnographia 80 (1969): 196-211, with German summary.

Kovács, Zoltán. "Die Hexen in Russland," Acta Ethnographica Acad. Sci. Hungarica 22 (1973): 51-87.

Kristóf, Ildikó. "'Wise Women', Sinners and the Poor: the social background in a 16th-18th-Century Calvinist City of Eastern Hungary," Acta Ethnographica Acad. Sci. Hungarica 37 (1991-2), pp. 93-119.

____________. "Witch Hunting in Early Modern Hungary," in Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America, ed. Brian P. Levack, pp.334-54

Levack, Brian P. "Witch-Hunting in Poland and England: Similarities and Differences," in Britain and Poland-Lithuania: Contacts and Comparisons from the Middle Ages until 1795, ed. Rihard Unger (Leiden, 2008), pp. 233-41.

Lorint, F. E. and J, Bernabé. La sorcellerie paysane. Approche anthropologique de l'Homo Magus, avec une étude sûr la Roumanie. Brussels, 1977.

Ostling, Michael. Between the Devil and the Host: Imagining Witchcraft in Earl Modern Poland. Oxford, 2011

______________. "Witchcraft in Poland: Milk and Malefice," in Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America, ed. Brian P. Levack, pp 318-33.

Pilaszek, Małgorzata. Procesy o czary w Polsce w wiekach XV-XVIII. Lodz: 2008.

Ryan, W.F. The Bathhouse at Midnight: Magic in Russia. University Park, 1999.

________. "The Witchcraft Hysteria in Early Modern Europe: Was Russia an Exception?"Slavonic and East European Review 76 (1998): 66-75.

Schiffmann, Aldona Christina. "The Witch and Crime: the persecution of witches in twentieth-century Poland." ARV 43 (1987): 147-167.

Schram, Ferenc. Magyarországi Boszokány perek 1529-1768. 2 vols Budapest, 1970.

Szendrey, A. "Hexe-Hexendruck", Acta Ethnographica Hungarica. 4 (1955): 129-68.

Tazbir, Janusz. "Hexenprozesse in Polen," Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 71 (1980): 280-307.

Várkonyi, Agnes. "Connections between the Cesation of Witch Trials and the Transformation of the Social Structure Related to Hygiene," Acta Ethnographica Acad. Sci. Hungaricae 37 (1991-2): 425-77.

Wijaczka, Jacek. Procesy o czary w Prusach Ksiazecych w XVI-XVII wieku. [Witch Trials in Ducal Prussia in the 16th and 17th centuries. Torun, 2007.

Wislicz,"The Township of Kleczew and Its Neighbourhood Fightting the Devil (1624-1700)," Acta Poloniae Historica 89 (2004): 65-95.

Worobec, Christine D. "Witchcraft Beliefs and practices in Prerevolutionary Russian and Ukrainian Villages," Russian Review 54 (1995): 165-87.

________________. Possessed: Women, Witches and Demons in Imperial Russia. Dekalb, 2001.

Zguta, Russell. "The Ordeal by Water (Swimming Witches) in the East Slavic World," Slavic Review 36 (1977): 220-30.

____________ "Witchcraft and Medicine in Pre-Petrine Russia," Russian Review 37 (1978): 438-48.

____________. "Witchcraft Trials in 17th-century Russia", American Historical Review 82 (1977): 1187-1207.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
G. Regional and National Studies--1500 to the Present Baschwitz, Kurt. Der Massenwahn: Ursache und Heilung des deutschen Hasses. Munich 1932. Baumgarten, Achim R. Hexenwahn und Hexenverfolgungen im Naheraum. Frankfurt, 1987. Behringer, Wolfgang. "Allemagne, 'Mère de tant de sorcières' au cour des persécutions," in Magie et sorcellerie en Europe, ed. R.

# data[].attributes.body
Carmen Pérez Riu, from "Neo-Historical Fiction" (2019)

Terms to look out for (and to look up):

postmodernism

historiographic metafiction

neo-Victorian fiction

neo-historical fiction