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Student-Teacher introductions, definitions and concepts of the course.

Quote 1

«We can’t just place the burden on the individual.»

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Keywords: individual responsibility, collective action, social accountability, systemic factors, shared responsibility                                                                       Paraphrase: This means that protecting our personal data shouldn’t be only up to each person. Even if you try to be careful, it’s easy to make mistakes or miss something. That’s why there should be rules or systems that help protect everyone’s information, so it’s not just your responsibility

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Student-Teacher introductions, definitions and concepts of the course.

Quote 2

«One of the things we’ve seen is that placing constraints on companies just encourages them to innovate in a different way»

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Paraphrase: This quote means that putting rules on big tech companies doesn’t always stop them from creating new ideas. Sometimes, it actually pushes them to find new ways to innovate. It shows that rules and limits can be useful, because they make companies think differently and try new approaches. It also suggests that people shouldn’t be afraid that breaking up big companies will stop progress companies can still find ways to improve and invent new things.                                             Keywords: corporate constraints, innovation, adaptive strategies, business behavior, regulatory impact, organizational response

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High Tech is watching you.

Quote 1

«We rushed to the internet expecting empowerment, the democratization of knowledge, and help with real problems, but surveillance capitalism really was just too lucrative to resist.»

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Paraphrase: People hoped the internet would give them more freedom and help solve problems, but companies saw a chance to make money from personal data. This shows that even technology that seems helpful can be used in ways that control or exploit people.                                          Keywords: internet expectations, empowerment, democratization of knowledge, surveillance capitalism, digital economy, monetization, online behavior

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High Tech is watching you.

Quote 2

«I define surveillance capitalism as the unilateral claiming of private human experience as free raw material for translation into behavioral data.»

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Paraphrase:  This means that companies take people’s personal information without really asking and use it to predict their behavior. It shows how our private life is being turned into something companies can sell, which can affect our freedom and choices.                                                Keywords: surveillance capitalism, private human experience, behavioral data, data extraction, monetization, digital economy, personal information

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What is surveillance capitalism and how does it shape our economy?

«These companies collect and scrutinise our online behaviours (likes, dislikes, searches, social networks, purchases) to produce data that can be further used for commercial purposes.»

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Paraphrase: Big tech carefully watches what we do online — our likes, purchases, and searches. All of it is turned into data that helps them earn money, mostly through ads and influencing our decisions.                                                    Key words: online behavior, data collection, commercial use, tracking, personal information

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What is surveillance capitalism and how does it shape our economy?

«Surveillance capitalism describes a market driven process where the commodity for sale is your personal data, and the capture and production of this data relies on mass surveillance of the internet.»

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Key words: surveillance capitalism, personal data, market-driven, mass surveillance, commodity.                             Paraphrase: This quote shows that in today’s world, data has become a kind of currency and power. We think online services are free, but we actually pay with our privacy. It raises concerns about how much control companies have over our personal lives.

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Surveillance Capitalism: Origins, History, Consequences.

«What makes surveillance capitalism uniquely capitalist is the way private entities… systematically dispossess us of our personal data and claim ownership over it.»

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Paraphrase: Large tech companies take personal data from users and treat it as their own property. As we move through digital and even physical spaces, our actions are constantly recorded and turned into something profitable.  Key words: personal data, ownership, private entities, surveillance, commodification

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Surveillance Capitalism: Origins, History, Consequences.

«The more our actual behavior conforms to these data-driven predictions, the more valuable those data become… our autonomy begins to diminish.»

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Paraphrase:The system becomes stronger when people start acting exactly as algorithms expect. The more predictable we are, the more useful and profitable the data become  but at the same time, we lose freedom in making independent choices. This highlights a cycle where technology not only observes us but shapes how we behave. When behavior matches predictions, data gains value  yet personal choice becomes weaker.                                       Key words: prediction, behavior, autonomy, algorithms, control.

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Назад к фотографии: «Камера-обскура» Абелардо Морелла.

«Глядя на морелловские изображения, мы ощущаем себя живущими внутри собственной головы, в иммерсивном бульоне самопроизвольно возникающих внутренних образов.»

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Смотря на работы Морелла, зритель словно оказывается внутри своего собственного сознания и наблюдает, как появляются образы. Цитата показывает, как фотография может создавать эффект погружения в психику человека. Искусство Морелла не просто отражает внешний мир, но делает зрителя участником процесса мышления и визуализации внутреннего опыта.                                               Ключевые слова: морелловские изображения, иммерсивный опыт, внутренние образы, сознание, самопроизвольные образы, восприятие, визуализация внутреннего мира.

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Назад к фотографии: «Камера-обскура» Абелардо Морелла

«Автор перемещается из внешнего во внутреннее пространство, а, по сути, еще и назад во времени, потому что концептуальная логика всего его творчества программно совпадает с логикой фотографии.»

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Чынарбекова Айдай 

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Морелл через свои работы соединяет внешний и внутренний миры, создавая ощущение путешествия во времени, поскольку его подход к изображению связан с принципами фотографии. Эта цитата показывает, как искусство Морелла создаёт мост между восприятием внешнего мира и внутренней психикой. Фотография здесь выступает не только как средство фиксации момента, но и как способ осмысления времени и пространства, что делает зрительский опыт многомерным.                                                        Ключевые слова: внешний мир, внутреннее пространство, время, концептуальная логика, фотография.

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Reflection Models such as DEAL: Describe, Examine, and Articulate Learning

Ash, S. L., & Clayton, P. H. (2009). Generating, deepening, and documenting learning: The power of critical reflection for applied learning.

«Ash & Clayton (2009) define critical reflection as ‘evidence based examination of the sources of and gaps in knowledge and practice with the intent to improve on both »

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Paraphrase: Critical reflection involves analyzing the sources and gaps in knowledge and practice with the purpose of improving both.This quote emphasizes that reflection is not merely thinking but a systematic approach to identifying strengths and weaknesses in knowledge and practice. It highlights reflection as a tool for intentional improvement, allowing learners to better understand and refine their skills and understanding.      Keywords: critical reflection, evidence-based examination, sources of knowledge, gaps in knowledge, practice improvement, learning, professional development.          

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Reflection Models such as DEAL: Describe, Examine, and Articulate Learning

Ash, S. L., & Clayton, P. H. (2009). Generating, deepening, and documenting learning: The power of critical reflection for applied learning.

«The three steps of the DEAL model are Describe, Examine, and Articulate Learning.»

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Paraphrase: The DEAL model consists of three steps: describing the experience, examining it, and articulating the learning derived from it. This quote outlines a structured framework for learning through reflection. Each step guides the learner from recording what happened, to analyzing the experience, and finally to clearly stating what was learned and how it applies in broader contexts. It shows how reflection transforms experience into actionable knowledge.                                                        Keywords: DEAL model, describe, examine, articulate learning, experiential learning

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The Sociological Imagination, Oxford University Press.

«The first fruit of this imagination … is the idea that the individual can understand his own experience and gauge his own fate only by locating himself within his period.»

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Paraphrase: We can only understand our own lives if we see them in the context of the time we live in. Our opportunities, problems, and choices depend on the society and history around us, not just on ourselves.

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The Sociological Imagination, Oxford University Press.

«Every individual lives, from one generation to the next, in some society; that he lives out a biography, and that he lives it out within some historical sequence»

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Paraphrase: Everyone’s life is connected to society and history. We are shaped by the world we live in, and at the same time, we also influence it. Understanding this helps us see the bigger picture of our own lives.

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EBSCO Knowledge Advantage

«Ultimately, the sociological imagination encourages a shift from a purely biographical lens to a more comprehensive understanding of historical and societal influences, paving the way for informed action and change.»

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Чынарбекова Айдай 

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Paraphrase:  Mills says that a person should not look at his life only as a series of personal events: "I'm to blame,""I'm unlucky," "it just happened that way." he suggests taking a broader view: understanding that our problems and destinies are influenced by society, history, economics, politics - everything that happens around us.

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EBSCO Knowledge Advantage

«It is impossible to understand your own life without understanding the society and history in which you live.»

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Paraphrase:  This quote means that our lives are shaped by society and history. We can’t fully understand ourselves just by looking at personal experiences. The world around us culture, politics, and historical events affects our choices and opportunities. Understanding these helps us understand ourselves better.

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How the Financial Times brought data into the Newsroom

«One of the challenges of the Big Data era is cutting through the overwhelming volume of available information to discover what really matters.»

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Paraphrase: Even though we have access to more data than ever, the real problem is figuring out which information is actually useful. With so many numbers — page views, clicks, time spent, shares — it’s easy to get lost. This quote points to the importance of focus: not all data is valuable, and knowing what to ignore is just as important as knowing what to measure. Good decisions come from clarity, not from having the most data.                                       Keywords: Big Data, information overload, focus, meaningful insights.

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How the Financial Times brought data into the Newsroom.

«Understanding more about our readers has allowed the FT to pivot our business to digital subscriptions, and create the sustainable revenue that allows us to sustain our journalistic mission.»

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Paraphrase:  This shows how knowing readers well isn’t just about marketing  it helps protect quality journalism. By learning what readers actually value, the Financial Times was able to move away from relying mainly on ads and instead focus on paid subscriptions. This shift gives them more stable income and lets them stay independent in their reporting. It’s a reminder that data, when used thoughtfully, can support meaningful goals, not just profit.  Keywords: reader understanding, digital subscriptions, sustainable revenue, journalistic mission.

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What we learned by asking the right question.

«When it’s working well, the comment section becomes an extension of FT journalism, a place where people reflect, question, and exchange ideas.»

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Paraphrase:  This shows that comments are not just a place for reactions  they can become part of the journalism itself. When readers discuss, question, or add their own knowledge, the conversation adds value to the article. It also creates a sense of community and encourages people to return to the platform regularly.               Keywords: comments section, reflection, exchange of ideas, extension of journalism.

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What we learned by asking the right question.

“We know that posting a comment has the single biggest impact on habit strength. But it is also one of the rarest behaviours on the site.”

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Paraphrase:  This highlights an interesting problem: comments make readers more engaged and likely to come back, yet very few people actually write them. It shows that participation builds strong habits, but most readers still stay passive. Because of this, the FT is trying to make commenting easier and more inviting, so more readers feel confident to join the conversation.                                                    Keywords: habit strength, user engagement, rare behavior, participation.

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Finbarr Toesland, 26 Sep 2018, How five brands learned from digital transformation failure

«Consultancy firm PwC conducted a review of how the project was managed and found there was a lack of oversight, due to no executive steering board keeping DMI on track…”

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Paraphrase:  This shows that even a big organisation like the BBC can fail if leadership doesn’t properly control and monitor the project. Without a strong team of decision-makers guiding the process, the project lost direction and problems kept growing. It highlights how important management and clear responsibility are in digital transformation.                                                          Keywords: lack of oversight, executive steering board, project management, digital transformation failure.

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Finbarr Toesland, 26 Sep 2018, How five brands learned from digital transformation failure

«It’s clear that the bank needed to improve its aged banking systems, but the decision to rebuild from scratch was too ambitious and proved to be unachievable.»

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Paraphrase: Here we see that change is necessary, but it must be realistic. The Co-operative Bank tried to completely replace its old system instead of improving it step by step. Because the plan was too big and complicated, the project failed. This shows that digital transformation should be planned carefully and matched with the organisation’s real abilities.                         Keywords: too ambitious, rebuild from scratch, realistic planning, digital transformation limits.

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January 27, 2014, How the BBC spent £125.9m on digital - and got nothing in return.

«It did not establish clear requirements for the system or obtain a thorough independent assessment of its technical design as a whole to see whether it was technically sound.»

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Paraphrase: This shows that the failure of the project wasn’t mainly about technology, but about poor preparation. The BBC started the transformation without clearly defining what the system should do, and no one properly checked if the design was actually workable. It highlights a basic mistake: rushing into a large-scale digital project without clear goals or proper evaluation makes success almost impossible.                          Keywords: unclear requirements, lack of assessment, technical design, planning failure.

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January 27, 2014, How the BBC spent £125.9m on digital - and got nothing in return.

«The cultural change aspects of the digital transformation were neglected as the BBC’s management of the DMI focused more on the technological aspects of the programme rather than enabling BBC-wide change.»

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Paraphrase:  This quote makes it clear that digital transformation isn’t only about technology. The BBC focused on building new tools but ignored how people in the organisation would adapt to them. Without preparing staff or adjusting the working culture, the system couldn’t be fully adopted. It shows that even advanced technology fails if people inside the organisation aren’t ready to change.                                                                      Keywords: cultural change, human factor, technology focus, organisational readiness.

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FT Podcast: The history and business value of data visualisation

«Doing them through a visual means allows people to absorb them and really look at them and take them in and compare in a way which probably wouldn’t be so easy to do in any other way.»

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Paraphrase:  Lucy Alexander underlines that data visualisation is not just decoration  it is a method of thinking. When information is shown visually, people understand patterns, differences, and trends much faster than if the same information was presented in text or numbers alone. The quote emphasizes the human ability to grasp meaning more clearly when data is transformed into visual form. In this way, visualisation becomes a bridge between raw data and actual understanding.                                Keywords: visual understanding, comparison, perception, clarity, transformation of data.

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FT Podcast: The history and business value of data visualisation

«The data is effectively your kind of, your individual dots on a painting and it’s assembling them in the correct order that the picture reveals itself.»

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Paraphrase:  Here, data is compared to tiny dots in a painting meaningless on their own, but when arranged properly, they form a complete picture. This metaphor shows that visualisation is not only about numbers but storytelling. It is about organising scattered information so that the hidden message becomes visible. Alexander also suggests that interpretation matters as much as the data itself  without thoughtful structure, insight stays invisible.                                                                    Keywords: metaphor, storytelling, structure, insight, meaning through assembly.

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Ella Doyle, 18 November 2024, The 65 best podcasts to listen to in 2024, Podcast ratings and chart, Time OUT

We've just added a bunch of great podcasts to this list, including the gripping «Wrongly Accused» and the hilarious chatty-comedy «Comedy Bang! Bang!».

We update regularly with new releases, so check back for more podcast recommendations from the Time Out team.

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Paraphrase: The Time Out team curates and updates a list of podcasts, recommending shows that guide audience interests and influence what people listen to. By highlighting both serious stories like «Wrongly Accused» and lighthearted comedy like «Comedy Bang! Bang!», they help shape popular culture while connecting listeners through shared experiences.                                      Keywords: podcasts, recommendations, new releases, comedy, true crime, entertainment, updates, Time Out, chatty, gripping

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Ella Doyle, 18 November 2024, The 65 best podcasts to listen to in 2024, Podcast ratings and chart, Time OUT

«Sure, the questions will have been pre-agreed, and sure, some lines seem intentionally constructed to go viral on TikTok, but you won’t find a lot of duds in these episodes – each of them are quick, well-edited and a flat-out laugh.»

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Paraphrase:  What stands out in this quote is the honest acknowledgement of modern media tactics  curated questions, viral soundbites  yet the show still succeeds in being genuinely entertaining. It balances authenticity with strategy. Despite the polished format, the episodes retain a natural flow, sharp humor, and strong pacing. It reflects how today’s successful podcasts blend raw personality with careful production to hold attention in a fast-scrolling world.                                                                         Keywords: viral content, pre-agreed questions, authenticity vs. strategy, well-edited, TikTok culture, humor, fast-paced, media production

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Michel Serres,(1982) The Origin of Language: Biology, Information Theory, and Thermodynamics, Hermes: Literature, Science, and Philosophy 1982 The Johns Hopkins University Press

«When I was at Cornell, I was rather fascinated by the student body, which seems to me was a dilute mixture of some sensible people in a big mass of dumb people studying home economics…. I used to sit in the cafeteria with the students and eat and try to overhear their conversations and see if there was one intelligent word coming out.»

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Paraphrase:  Feynman shows curiosity and observational learning, finding insights in everyday interactions rather than formal education. The humor and informality humanize science, demonstrating that discovery can emerge from ordinary experiences. This reflects his belief that knowledge is not confined to classrooms or traditional methods.     Keywords: curiosity, observational learning, informal education, Feynman, discovery, humor in science

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Michel Serres,(1982) The Origin of Language: Biology, Information Theory, and Thermodynamics, Hermes: Literature, Science, and Philosophy 1982 The Johns Hopkins University Press

«In Serres’s view ‘criticism is a generalized physics,’ and whether knowledge is written in philosophical, literary, or scientific language it nevertheless articulates a common set of problems that transcends academic disciplines and artificial boundaries.»

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Paraphrase:  Serres emphasizes interdisciplinary thinking, showing that knowledge transcends artificial boundaries between fields. This mirrors Feynman’s approach, valuing exploration across contexts. The quote highlights the importance of flexibility and creativity in understanding complex problems.                                                   Keywords: interdisciplinary, Serres, knowledge integration, academic boundaries, creativity, flexible thinking

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BARKER, (2021),  Michel Serres’ Messengers Media Theory

«Everywhere everything is just as it is here, identical in every way to what one can see ordinarily on the terraqueous globe. Except that the degrees of grandeur and beauty change»

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Keywords: Serres, Harlequin, multiplicity, relational knowledge, messenger, gradation, philosophy of communication.                                                      Paraphrase:  This quote illustrates Serres’ use of Harlequin to highlight the tension between universality and multiplicity. Harlequin presents a seemingly banal account of the moon, which irritates the audience, yet the underlying message emphasizes variation in degrees rather than absolute differences. It reflects Serres’ philosophy that meaning emerges not from fixed structures but from relationships, gradations, and context. The messenger here acts as a bridge between singular experiences and broader understanding, embodying the principle that knowledge is relational and layered.                      

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BARKER, (2021),  Michel Serres’ Messengers Media Theory

«For Serres it is transferral that matters, not staid objects - and the messenger gives him a new way of describing these transferals, a new way to elucidate what A.N Whitehead once called ‘prehensions.’»

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Paraphrase: The focus is on the movement and exchange of information, rather than static entities. The messenger becomes a conceptual tool to explore connections, interactions, and the ethical implications of communication. By invoking Whitehead’s idea of “prehensions,” Serres aligns with process philosophy, showing that understanding arises from interactions between elements, whether human, technological, or natural. This approach challenges rigid disciplinary boundaries and encourages interdisciplinary thinking.                   Keywords: Serres, messenger, transferral, process philosophy, Whitehead, interaction, interdisciplinary, dynamic knowledge

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Stephen Muecke, 28 October 2022, The generous philosopher: Bruno Latour showed us how to think with the things of the world, respecting their right to exist and act on their own terms

«All are real. All are active. And, in their own way, these and myriad other nonhuman entities are actors, enrolled in the production of our world.»

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Paraphrase: This quote captures Bruno Latour’s radical pluralism, which challenges the traditional human-centered view of reality. Latour emphasizes that nonhumans—ranging from viruses to tectonic plates—play active roles in shaping the world. It highlights his key idea that agency is distributed, and understanding the world requires tracing interactions among all actors, human and nonhuman alike.                                        Keywords: Latour, actor-network theory, nonhuman agency, pluralism, production of worlds, distributed agency

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Stephen Muecke, 28 October 2022, The generous philosopher: Bruno Latour showed us how to think with the things of the world, respecting their right to exist and act on their own terms

«The apparent «solidity» of facts is dependent on the ongoing support of the social apparatuses both in the lab and among other professional bodies outside it.»

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Paraphrase: Here, Latour stresses that facts are not static truths but socially constructed through networks of institutions, instruments, and human practices. Scientific knowledge gains credibility through continuous verification and collective support, showing that facts have a “career” shaped by social, political, and technical contexts. This challenges the positivist notion of immutable truths.                                                                                                                        Keywords: Latour, social construction of facts, scientific knowledge, verification, institutional support, sociology of science