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This Amendment is named after the Representative James Tallmadge who proposed an Amendment for Missouri to join the Union as a free state.
Many northerners thought if Missouri was entered as a slave state, then we wouldn't be able to stop the spread of slavery across the Louisiana Territory.
Many southerners feared that if Congress could end slavery in Missouri then they might try to end slavery else where.

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The Missouri Compromise admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state in order to maintain balance between states. Congress drew a line of latitude 36°30′ North of the line slavery was banned except for in Missouri and anything south slavery was permitted.
Northerners who voted to allow Missouri to be a slave state were thought of as traitors. Southerners hated the ban on slavery in that part of the Louisiana Territory.

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Nat Turner who was a slave at the time, led a large scale slave revolt along with his followers. Where many people were killed. After the rebellion, southerners adopted more strict laws to control the movement of slaves. While many northerners would help fugitive slaves.

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In 1836, Congress voted to "put aside" all anti-slavery petitions. This enraged abolitionists and they called this the "Gag Rule". John Quincy Adams proposed an amendment that said no one could be born to slavery after 1845, but Congress ignored his proposal.
Abolitionists continued to attack slavery in books, newspapers, and public meetings. White southerners resented the Abolitionists efforts and the southerners adopted strict laws about slaves.

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Wilmot Proviso was an amendment that was added to the bill. It stated that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist". Southerners opposed the amendment because they still thought that Congress couldn't decide that. While the northerners supported it because they believed in the abolitionists movement

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In 1849 California applied to join the Union as a free state. Northerners welcomed California while southerners rejected California. The southerners thought that if California were a free state then the balance between free and slave states would be disrupted.

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The fugitive slave law of 1850 made it legal and required for slaves to be returned to their owners even if they were free and in free states. Southerners and northerners alike were upset about the slave law. But southerners were upset because they didn't think the law would make sure that their slaves were actually returned. While northerners didn't want to enforce the law.

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Uncle Tom's Cabin is a novel written by Harriet Stowe about the horrors of slavery. Its a story about the life of a slave called Uncle Tom who had to endure horrible, disgusting things as a slave. Southerners hated the novel and the author. While northerners became even angrier about the treatment of slaves.

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act created 2 territories which became Kansas and Nebraska, while also abolishing the Missouri Compromise. Northerners feared slavery marching across the plains, while southerners supported the act.

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The Dred Scott Case was about a Missouri slave named Dred Scott. Scott went to court to fight for his freedom because slavery was banned by the Missouri Compromise. The chief justice decided that Scott couldn't sue for his freedom because he wasn't a citizen and couldn't become one because he was African American. Slaveholders thought that after this decision, slavery in the territories was settled in their favor. But northerners were enraged by the ruling.

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Lincoln challenged Senator Douglas to debate the issue of slavery. Douglas argued that the Dred Scott decision settled the issue but Lincoln disagreed saying slavery was a moral rather than legal issue. Even though Lincoln lost, the issue was brought up more and more. Southerners felt betrayed that Douglas suggested that territories didn't have to give legal protection to slavery.

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Brown launched a raid on the arsenal at Harpers Ferry which ended in many of his men being killed and captured. Brown was convicted of treason and sentenced to die. Brown left a note saying that the crimes of the guilty land couldn't be purged without blood, which scared white southerners because it would be their blood. But many northerners thought of Brown as a hero which also scared southerners.

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The Election of 1860 showed how divided the nation had become. Republicans all stood behind Lincoln while the Democrats were split into Northern and Southern factions. Lincoln ended up being elected president which made it so the South no longer had as much power and southerners feared that Congress would try to abolish slavery. The majority of Lincoln's votes came from Northern states.

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After Lincoln's election, the south decided to secede from the union to protect their states rights. After many southern states started to secede, they joined together as the Confederate States of America. The northerners thought that the south seceding was an illegal act.

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The Confederate United States attacked the US military at Fort Sumter. Soon after the attack the fort surrendered. The battle at Fort Sumter started the Civil War. The attack on Fort Sumter was very important to the Southern states, but the north sent troops to recapture Fort Sumter from the south.