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Berlin Conference

The Berlin conference was fourteen nations which were discussing the resources of Africa, however there was not representative from Africa present at the conference.  One of the tasks of this meeting was to figure out ways to "civilize" Africa and African natives.  Many people including that of Belgium, would be known to use the conference as a way to gain their own personal wealth throughout the corruptive government.  It is estimated during the control of Belgium in Africa, it was estimated that 10 million people had died in the violent process.

https://www.britannica.com/event/Italo-Ethiopian-War-1935-1936

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Italo-Ethiopian War

This was an armed invasion that led Ethiopia to be subject to Italy's fascist rule.  This war proved the effectiveness of the League of Nations, which was doing nothing to help keep the true peace of the war after WWI.  Italy had been unsuccessful in their attempts to colonize Italy in 1890s, but had all the rights to invade after a border incident between the two countries.

https://www.britannica.com/event/Italo-Ethiopian-War-1935-1936

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The Suez Canal was one of the most important constructions in history, being able to connect the Mediterranean and Red Seas.  The former French consul to Cairo secured the agreement to build the Suez Canal.  After heavy labor and lots of work, it was finally opened in 1869.

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/suez-canal-opens

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Spanish American War Effects

After the United States secured victory in the Spanish American war (1898), it allowed for the Spanish to sign over a peace treaty that requilled their claims on Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.  While this was a debate within the United States, it allowed for the United States to gain more countries within the Caribbean and show their interests in Asia.  Due to this, many propaganda effects in the early 20th century resulted for this imperialism in the United States, which was highly navtist.

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war#:~:text=U.S.%20victory%20in%20the%20war,of%20Hawaii%20during%20the%20conflict.

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The Spanish-American War of 1898 ended Spain's colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere and secured the position of the United States as a Pacific power. U.S. victory in the war produced a peace treaty that compelled the Spanish to relinquish claims on Cuba, and to cede sovereignty over Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the United States. The United States also annexed the independent state of Hawaii during the conflict. Thus, the war enabled the United States to establish its predominance in the Caribbean region and to pursue its strategic and economic interests in Asia.

The war that erupted in 1898 between the United States and Spain was preceded by three years of fighting by Cuban revolutionaries to gain independence from Spanish colonial rule. From 1895-1898, the violent conflict in Cuba captured the attention of Americans because of the economic and political instability that it produced in a region within such close geographical proximity to the United States. The long-held U.S. interest in ridding the Western Hemisphere of European colonial powers and American public outrage over brutal Spanish tactics created much sympathy for the Cuban revolutionaries. By early 1898, tensions between the United States and Spain had been mounting for months. After the U.S. battleship Maine exploded and sank in Havana harbor under mysterious circumstances on February 15, 1898, U.S. military intervention in Cuba became likely.

On April 11, 1898, President William McKinley asked Congress for authorization to end the fighting in Cuba between the rebels and Spanish forces, and to establish a "stable government" that would "maintain order" and ensure the "peace and tranquility and the security" of Cuban and U.S. citizens on the island. On April 20, the U.S. Congress passed a joint resolution that acknowledged Cuban independence, demanded that the Spanish government give up control of the island, foreswore any intention on the part of the United States to annex Cuba, and authorized McKinley to use whatever military measures he deemed necessary to guarantee Cuba's independence.

The Spanish government rejected the U.S. ultimatum and immediately severed diplomatic relations with the United States. McKinley responded by implementing a naval blockade of Cuba on April 22 and issued a call for 125,000 military volunteers the following day. That same day, Spain declared war on the United States, and the U.S. Congress voted to go to war against Spain on April 25.

The future Secretary of State John Hay described the ensuing conflict as a "splendid little war." The first battle was fought on May 1, in Manila Bay, where Commodore George Dewey's Asiatic Squadron defeated the Spanish naval force defending the Philippines. On June 10, U.S. troops landed at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba and additional forces landed near the harbor city of Santiago on June 22 and 24. After isolating and defeating the Spanish Army garrisons in Cuba, the U.S. Navy destroyed the Spanish Caribbean squadron on July 3 as it attempted to escape the U.S. naval blockade of Santiago.

Secretary of State John Hay

On July 26, at the behest of the Spanish government, the French ambassador in Washington, Jules Cambon, approached the McKinley Administration to discuss peace terms, and a cease-fire was signed on August 12. The war officially ended four months later, when the U.S. and Spanish governments signed the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898. Apart from guaranteeing the independence of Cuba, the treaty also forced Spain to cede Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States. Spain also agreed to sell the Philippines to the United States for the sum of $20 million. The U.S. Senate ratified the treaty on February 6, 1899, by a margin of only one vote.

The McKinley Administration also used the war as a pretext to annex the independent state of Hawaii. In 1893, a group of Hawaii-based planters and businessmen led a coup against Queen Liliuokalani and established a new government. They promptly sought annexation by the United States, but President Grover Cleveland rejected their requests. In 1898, however, President McKinley and the American public were more favorably disposed toward acquiring the islands. Supporters of annexation argued that Hawaii was vital to the U.S. economy, that it would serve as a strategic base that could help protect U.S. interests in Asia, and that other nations were intent on taking over the islands if the United States did not. At McKinley's request, a joint resolution of Congress made Hawaii a U.S. territory on August 12, 1898.

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Milestones: 1866-1898 - Office of the Historian

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The Spanish-American War of 1898 ended Spain's colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere and secured the position of the United States as a Pacific power. U.S. victory in the war produced a peace treaty that compelled the Spanish to relinquish claims on Cuba, and to cede sovereignty over Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the United States.

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The Panama Canal

During the Industrialization of the United States during the early 20th century, the building of a canal through Panama was necessary.  The Columbians' rejected the United States offer to build, as they said the money was unacceptable.  This led to the US supporting the Panama people in their war for independence, which eventually led to the building of the canal and colonization of the US in Panama.

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/panama-canal

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Spain was a colonizer.

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Italy was a colonizer .

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Ethiopia was briefly colonized by Italy in 1936, but that only lasted for five years.

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South Africa was colonized by Britain (1795) and The Netherlands (1652).

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The Congo was colonized by Belgium in 1887 as well as the French in the 1880s.

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Egypt was colonized by the Ottoman Empire and later Britain in 1882.

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The Netherlands was a colonizer.

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France was a colonizer.

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Vietnam was colonized by the French in 1877 and briefly occupied by Japan 1940.

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Germany was a colonizer.

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Belgium was a colonizer.

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Great Britain was a colonizer.

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Guam was colonized by the Spanish in 1521 and by the United States in 1898.

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Hawaii was colonized by the United States in 1893.

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New Zealand became a British colony in 1840.

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Australia was colonized by British forces as early as 1788.

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Portugal was colonized by Spain in 1580. After the split Portugal was a colonizer.

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Japan was colonized by Portugal in 1543, they were also colonized by the Dutch in 1639.

Japan was a colonizer in later years to Korea, Taiwan and Manchuria in the years between 1910-1930.

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The Philippines were colonized by Spain in 1521, this country was also colonized by the United States in 1898.

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India was colonized by Britain in 1858, but Britain had control in India during 1757

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Mexico was colonized by Spain in 1521

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Panama was colonized by the Spanish Empire in 1513. The United States also colonized Panama in 1903.

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Puerto Rico was colonized in 1508 by Spain

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Colonized in 1511 by Spain, Cuba was also colonized by the United States in 1902, following the Spanish American War.