# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
By Jess Campitiello
In the last year, artificial intelligence (AI) art generators such as Stable Diffusion, DALL-E 2, and Midjourney have been making a splash across the headlines. To the general public, what started as a fun, harmless, and novel way to pass some time quickly turned into professional discourse over artistic integrity.

Generative AI programs are trained by scraping large online public datasets to learn what words relate to corresponding images. Once this has been done, users can input a text prompt which causes the program to compile what it has learned and composite it into a single image output. Björn Ommer, who worked on Stable Diffusion, explains its workings in more detail here.

Accusations of art theft arose surrounding the use of creatives' works to train these models, as image outputs emulated prominent artists' styles without their consent. Backlash grew as an AI-generated piece won first place in an art competition. On Reddit, one user was banned for posting their own work because it too closely resembled AI art. Ultimately, the outrage has led to multiple lawsuits unfolding against these programs.

Simultaneously, the generative AI platform Scenario raised $6 million in seed funding and Microsoft made a ' multiyear, multibillion-dollar investment' in OpenAI, the company behind Dall-E 2 and ChatGPT.

"There's a Cambrian explosion right now with this technology," said Scott Belsky, Adobe's Chief Product Officer and Executive Vice President of Creative Cloud, at the most recent Cornell Tech @ Bloomberg Speaker Series event. Alongside over 800 partners, Adobe has been working to add generative AI to its products while still maintaining user trust.

When asked about how artificial intelligence and machine learning fit into the future of art, there were three main points that Belsky mentioned:

1. Creative confidence is only going to grow.

Our creative confidence typically peaks as kids, Belsky explained. Starting off with simple crayon drawings, many children find a creative outlet within art. Crude approximations of houses, animals, and loved ones are held in high esteem as they are tacked up on the fridge. However, as we grow older and we meet critics - those who insist on colors within the lines and accurate representations on the page - our confidence goes down. And with that, so too does many peoples' efforts to pursue artistic endeavors. This technology not only makes creativity widely accessible, but also allows individual artistic confidence to grow since the barrier to entry is quite low.

2. Professionals can access endless creative possibilities.

Generative AI allows artists to create countless visual concepts at the click of a button, making the process of fielding potential design ideas with clients exponentially more efficient. Giving clients a couple of quick AI 'thumbnail sketch' options will allow artists to finalize their work faster, as they will not be spending time creating preliminary visuals. The fabricated art is not meant to be used as a replacement but rather as a springboard for the artist's own creative output. AI can even offer design choices that the artist wouldn't have considered otherwise, mentioned Belsky. Integrating this technology into artists' tools has the potential to grant them an "edge to a breakthrough."

3. Outcome-oriented versus process-oriented people.

Belsky described two different generative AI user types: those who are outcome-oriented, and those who are process-oriented.

Outcome-oriented individuals are less interested in the details of the final product and more focused on receiving the product itself. For example, if an outcome-oriented person were to ask an AI program to generate images of a 'cowboy in space,' they would be happy to use the first image presented that suits their needs. The speed of the output is key.

On the other hand, process-oriented individuals look at what is generated by the AI program and use it as a tool to create something unique for their needs. Inputting the same prompt, they may be drawn to and emulate the overall composition of one of the outputs but would move the cowboy's arms into a specific position or make any other number of edits to create a final piece that is precisely what they want.

We are all on a spectrum of outcome-to-process-oriented, explained Belsky.

Do artists have a right to be scared? Belsky says that while AI will not be replacing creatives in their spaces as it cannot emulate a human eye for aesthetics, their concerns are justified and there are many important questions that need to be considered moving forward with these powerful technologies. "Has their content been trained on these models? If so, how are they being compensated? Can you generate things in the style of a specific person? People can be ethical and say 'no,' but other players can say 'it's a free for all.'"

Belsky concluded his thoughts on the subject by stating that nothing in Adobe's Cloud has ever been stored for the use of training a generative AI, but that the company plans to be very specific about this in its future terms and policies so that there is no ambiguity on the matter.

Watch the full Cornell Tech @ Bloomberg interview:
The Cornell Tech @ Bloomberg Speaker Series is hosted by Scarlet Fu of Bloomberg Television and Bloomberg QuickTake in partnership with Bloomberg, Cornell Tech, and Tech:NYC. Jess Campitiello is the Digital Communications Specialist at Cornell Tech.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Cornell Tech - AI vs. Artist: The Future of Creativity

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Photo Credit: Bloomberg / Provided By Jess Campitiello In the last year, artificial intelligence (AI) art generators such as Stable Diffusion, DALL-E 2, and Midjourney have been making a splash across the headlines. To the general public, what started as a fun, harmless, and novel way to pass some time quickly turned into professional discourse ...

# data[].attributes.body
Each of my sources has the option to rate 1-5 (1 being the worst and 5 being to best) help me figure out if I have good sources or not!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What is AI art and how will it impact artists?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
We define what AI art is, explore AI art tools, and hear from a professional concept artist on how creatives can make AI work for them, not against them.

# data[].attributes.body
This is an article/ ad for what AI is capable of and how it can be used for art. I haven't quite decided is I want to include this in may paper so let me know what you think by rating it from 1-5 stars!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
What will you build in the new era of AI? Get inspired at Microsoft Build. Register now

Radically accelerate your productivity with AI features built directly into Microsoft tools and services.

Tools for creating AI solutions

Create your own intelligent apps and services with Azure AI-a portfolio of AI services designed for scale and performance.

Putting principles into practice

We're dedicated to ensuring that AI functions as intended and is used in ways that earn trust.

Back to tabs

Build the future faster with

Microsoft AI

Create, communicate, and code

See images from Microsoft Designer

Choose a combination of words to see AI-generated images.
(For illustrative/demo purposes only. Actual experience may vary.)

Try it yourself

Images generated by selected filters are Robot, space, synthwave

Filter selection 1

Filter selection 2

Filter selection 3

Choose an image: BurgundyBurgundy

Search and chat with Bing

Choose a prompt and see a complete response generated by Bing.
(For illustrative/demo purposes only. Actual experience may vary.)

Try it yourself

I just went fishing in Bighorn Montana and I would like to go fishing in the Florida Keys in the Spring. What do I need to do differently to prepare?

It sounds like you had a great fishing trip in Bighorn, Montana. Fishing in the Florida Keys will be a different experience, but also very enjoyable. Here are some things you might need to do differently to prepare:

Check the fishing regulations and licenses for Florida. You may need a different permit or license than in Montana, depending on the type and location of fishing you plan to do.

Research the best fishing spots and seasons in the Keys. The Keys offer a variety of fishing opportunities, from flats fishing to deep sea fishing, and different species of fish are more active at different times of the year.

Choose the right equipment and bait for the fish you want to catch. The Keys have different water conditions and fish species than Bighorn, so you may need to adjust your fishing pole, line, hooks, lures and bait accordingly.

Prepare for the weather and the water. The Keys are warmer and more humid than Montana, and the sun can be intense. You may need to pack sunscreen, sunglasses, hats, water, snacks and appropriate clothing for fishing in the tropics.

Have fun and be responsible. Fishing in the Keys can be a rewarding and exciting adventure, but also a responsibility. Follow the fishing regulations, respect the marine life and habitats, practice catch and release if possible, and clean up after yourself.

I hope this helps you plan your fishing trip in the Florida Keys. Have a wonderful time! 😊

Write a story for children about a dog who lives on the moon

Okay, here is a story for children about a dog who lives on the moon:

Luna was a very special dog. She was born on the moon, where her parents were part of a team of astronauts who were exploring the lunar surface. Luna loved the moon, because it was her home. She enjoyed bouncing around in the low gravity, digging holes in the dust, and chasing the moon rocks that rolled down the craters.

Luna was curious about everything, and she always wanted to learn new things. She liked to listen to the stories that her parents and the other astronauts told her about Earth, the blue planet that shone brightly in the sky. She wondered what it was like to see the sun, the stars, the clouds, and the oceans. She wondered what it was like to smell the flowers, to feel the wind, and to hear the birds. She wondered what it was like to meet other dogs, and to play with them.

One day, Luna decided that she wanted to go to Earth. She asked her parents if they could take her with them on their next mission, but they said no. They said that Earth was too dangerous for a moon dog, and that she would not be happy there. They said that she belonged on the moon, where she was safe and loved.

Luna was sad, but she did not give up. She thought that maybe she could sneak into the rocket when no one was looking, and hide until they reached Earth. She waited for the right moment, and then she ran towards the rocket. But before she could get inside, she was stopped by a friendly voice.

"Hey, where are you going, little one?" the voice said.

Luna looked up and saw a robot. It was a rover, a machine that explored the moon and collected data. It had wheels, a camera, a solar panel, and a antenna. It was one of Luna's friends, and she often played with it.

"I'm going to Earth," Luna said. "I want to see what it's like."

The rover shook its head. "That's not a good idea, Luna. Earth is not for you. You wouldn't like it there."

"Why not?" Luna asked.

"Because Earth is very different from the moon," the rover said. "It has a lot of things that you are not used to. It has a lot of noise, a lot of people, a lot of pollution. It has a lot of dangers, like cars, animals, diseases, and natural disasters. It has a lot of rules, like laws, customs, and manners. You would have to wear a special suit, and a special collar, and a special leash. You would have to stay indoors most of the time, and follow orders from strangers. You would have to give up your freedom, your fun, and your friends."

Luna frowned. "But Earth also has a lot of good things, right? It has a lot of beauty, a lot of diversity, a lot of wonder. It has a lot of things that I want to see, and smell, and hear, and touch. It has a lot of things that I want to learn, and experience, and enjoy. It has a lot of things that I want to love."

The rover nodded. "That's true, Luna. Earth also has a lot of good things. But you can't have them all. You have to choose. You have to decide what is more important to you. You have to decide where you belong."

Luna thought for a moment. She looked at the rocket, and then she looked at the moon. She looked at the Earth, and then she looked at the rover. She realized that the rover was right. She had to choose. And she knew what she wanted.

She smiled and said, "I belong here. I belong on the moon. This is my home. This is where I'm happy."

The rover smiled back and said, "I'm glad you feel that way, Luna. You are a very special dog. You are a moon dog. And I'm proud to be your friend."

Luna wagged her tail and said, "Thank you, rover. You are a very special robot. You are a moon rover. And I'm happy to be your friend too."

They hugged each other, and then they went to play. They bounced around in the low gravity, dug holes in the dust, and chased the moon rocks that rolled down the craters. They had fun, and they learned new things. They enjoyed the moon, and they loved each other.

And they lived happily ever after.

The end.

Write code to find the Fibonacci sequence in Python.

Sure, I can write some code to find the Fibonacci sequence in Python. Here is one possible solution:

    # Define a function to find the nth Fibonacci number
    def  fibonacci (n):
    # Base cases: 0 and 1
    if  n == 0:
    return  0
    elif  n == 1:
    return  1
    # Recursive case: use the formula F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2)
    else :
    return  fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)
    # Ask the user for a positive integer
    n =  int ( input ( "Enter a positive integer: " ))
    # Print the Fibonacci sequence up to the nth term
    print ( "The Fibonacci sequence up to the" , n,  "th term is:" )
    for  i  in range (n):
    print (fibonacci(i), end= " " )

Back to tabs

Microsoft Bing

Back to tabs

See solutions built with Azure AI

The Microsoft Cloud runs on trust

Get AI-ready with Azure

Migrate your data to Azure to build a strong foundation for your AI-powered solutions.

Start building intelligent apps with Azure AI

Build and deploy your own AI solutions using advanced vision, speech, language, and decision-making AI models-even create your own machine learning models.

Boost developer productivity with GitHub Copilot

Help developers code faster, stay in the flow longer, and build great software with less effort-even in languages they're less familiar with.

Revolutionize the way sellers work with Viva Sales

Get out of busywork and in front of customers with an AI-powered seller experience platform.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Artificial Intelligence Solutions | Microsoft AI

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
What will you build in the new era of AI? Get inspired at Microsoft Build. Register now Radically accelerate your productivity with AI features built directly into Microsoft tools and services. Tools for creating AI solutions Create your own intelligent apps and services with Azure AI-a portfolio of AI services designed for scale and performance.

# data[].attributes.body
Here we get a little bit of an introduction on how AI generated images work with Yilun Du!
Please rate what you think of this source from 1-5 stars!

# data[].attributes.body
This one is a bit of a long one given that it's a whole book, Tolstoy starts to get into his definition of art in section 5!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
What Is Art? is an 1897 philosophical treatise by Leo Tolstoy that lays out his philosophy of aesthetics. Rejecting notions of aesthetics that center around beauty, Tolstoy instead posits that art is defined by its role in transmitting feelings between human beings. Furthermore, he argues that t…

# data[].attributes.body
This is sort of a summary of AI and how it has effected art so far. It mostly focuses on the history of AI and art!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Artificial intelligence has been around for years, but AI-generated artwork has really taken off in 2022. With its growing presence and its rise in implementation, AI has proven to be a powerful yet controversial tool in the art world. Its use leads many to ask several questions: Is it art? Is it cheating? And who does the credit go to?

There's no doubt that AI is becoming increasingly more prevalent in the art world and beyond-these algorithmic concoctions are doing everything from winning art competitions to being the focus of exhibitions in distinguished museums like the MoMA. In an ever-changing world where technology is rapidly progressing and digital means are major vehicles for art, it makes sense that new ways of digital creation are formed. Whether the ethical implications are good or bad, AI-generated artwork is here and it's on the rise.

AI art is still very much in its infancy in the mainstream, but there are several kinds of online communities for those that love to create it. From Instagram pages dedicated to sharing and challenging AI artists with creative prompts to small online forums and Discord channels, there is a lively place on the internet for those that enjoy the computerized art form.

We'll take a look back on some of the most influential AI art tools of 2022 and the artists that use them. But first, it's important to know what AI art really is and how AI began its trek in the art world.

What is AI artwork?

Artificial intelligence is the field of science which works to build machines that mimic human intelligence through algorithms. And simply put, AI artwork is any artwork created through the use of AI. AI artists work with the AI's algorithms to create rules for how the machine analyzes images-sometimes thousands of images-to understand a certain creative process, such as an aesthetic or an art movement. Then, the AI generates shapes, forms, patterns, and figures to create something based on what it has learned.

Many AI art generators are text-to-image, meaning the rules that artists create are written prompts. These prompts can be simple, such as "a starry night sky," or they can be very descriptive, like "a starry night sky full of constellations in the fall in the style of Claude Monet." Artists can use other descriptors such as "telephoto" or "hyperrealistic" to create different results. Typically, they can also cycle through several versions the AI has created, expand the image, change the resolution, or have the AI redo its processing with the same prompt. And while anyone can use these generators, it takes time and practice to understand what words to use and how to use them in order to get a piece you want.

When did AI art begin?

AI artwork has its roots dated all the way back to the early conceptions of AI back in the 1800s and the advent of AI in the late 1950s. However, the creative application of AI really became its own in the 2010s. With advancements in AI technology involving how AI machines learn new concepts, a Google researcher named Alexander Mordvintsev was able to create the DeepDream algorithm in 2015 to study the way these complex computer neural systems learn visual concepts. With that, the floodgates were opened. Accessibility grows and open-source databases are more plentiful by the minute-and the application of these AI advancements form more and more AI art generators every day.

Why is AI artwork controversial?

The possibilities of AI are seemingly endless, and the application of this technology onto art is no exception. AI art generators have the power to be useful tools to those looking to hone their ideas, visualize complex ideations, and see where their inspirations lie. These generators also can break down somewhat mystifying barriers for people who do not possess the physical tools or crafting knowledge-democratizing the processes of art and allowing everyone to create. It's these powers that make AI artwork so polarizing, because what exactly is being created?

Because many of these AI art generators are open-sourced, these different forms of AI are using artworks scrapped from the internet and often without permission or proper credit. This means that everyone from Picasso to small, independent contemporary artists are not exempt from AI's analyzations. As well, if someone adds your name to their written prompt, your style will be hyper-analyzed and recreated to make something entirely new. Greg Rutkowski, a digital artist whose work has been in games like Dungeons & Dragons, was a favorite choice for many on both Stable Diffusion and Midjourney, and the resemblance between his works and AI generated works in his name can be pretty uncanny. This raises major concerns of everything from copyright issues to data protection, especially since artists typically cannot opt out of having their work analyzed and used. And while Rutkowski doesn't blame people for using his name, he says, "But for me and many other artists, it's starting to look like a threat to our careers."

Tom Mason, chief technology officer of Stability.AI, Stable Diffusion's developer, says, "Open-source AI is a tremendous innovation, and we appreciate that there are open questions and differing legal opinions. We expect them to be resolved over time, as AI becomes more ubiquitous and different groups come to a consensus as to how to balance individual rights and essential AI/ML research." Mason continues, "We strive to find the balance between innovating and helping the community."

Key Moments in the Rise of AI Art

The Quick Adoption of Midjourney

Formed by a small team made up of researchers and experts from companies like NASA, Avid Technology, and Apple, Midjourney uses its own AI and a text-to-image generator to create fantastical pieces. Its system is accessed entirely through Discord. All users need to do is sign up for Midjourney's Discord, head over to the right channel, and start typing "/imagine" followed by a prompt to create art. With over 4 million users since its release in July 2022, Midjourney's rise to popularity is an exponential one.

Architecture student Qasim Iqbal utilizes Midjourney to help him visualize his grand, fantastical architectural designs. "With Midjourney primarily being a text-to-image generator, it encourages you to summarize and define ideas through words and teaches you to be specific," he tells My Modern Met. Iqbal specifies though, "I believe as a tool it offers me a way to test concepts, ideas, and directions for projects, but I do not think that one should rely on the tool to generate ideas. It could add but it should never be the originator of the idea."

DALL·E 2 Is Used to Create the Cover of Cosmopolitan

OpenAI's popular first iteration of DALL·E, named after Salvador Dalí and Pixar robot WALL-E, was released in 2021. Its highly anticipated DALL·E 2 was finally released in September 2022, with wide range of improvements: more realistic and accurate images, resolution improved by 400%, and preventions set in place to stop harmful images from being created. DALL·E 2 is another text-to-image generator, with some incredible results.

I used @OpenAI #dalle2 to create the first ever AI-generated magazine cover for @Cosmopolitan!! The prompt I used is at the end of the video #dalle pic.twitter.com/sbM2qbTAbq

- Karen X. Cheng (@karenxcheng) June 27, 2022

In June 2022, a small group of Cosmopolitan editors, OpenAI researchers, and digital artist and director Karen X. Cheng worked together for less than an hour to test out different written prompts to get a cover just right for the magazine. This cover, released June 21, 2022, is the first magazine cover ever to be designed by AI.

AI Artwork Wins Art Competition

Gaming company owner, Jason Allen, used Midjourney for 80 hours and pored over 900 images to create Théâtre D'opéra Spatial. Allen printed the piece on canvas and entered it into the Colorado State Fair's digital art category. After it won the blue ribbon in fall 2022, the news was posted online, which quickly sparked backlash. Artists felt slighted by the computer-generated piece taking the prize instead of non-AI works, and questions were raised as to if the judges were aware it was AI. Even though Allen says to have stated he used Midjourney to create the piece, at least one judge stated they did not know AI was used. This AI art win in a competition against non-AI works sparked fervent debates on whether Allen's hours of tweaking are equatable to physical creation of art.

NightCafe's Democratization of Art

While AI artists awaited the return of DALL·E in the form of DALL·E 2, other AI art generators also became more popular. Enter Angus Russell's NightCafe Creator, launched in 2019 and named after Vincent Van Gogh's The Night Cafe. NightCafe Studio states, "we create tools that allow anyone-regardless of skill level-to experience the satisfaction, the therapy, the rush of creating incredible, unique art." The team is dedicated to providing access to art creation to all, not to "make artists redundant." Through online forums and their site's blog, NightCafe Studio teaches people the ins and outs of using AI art generators. In response to DALL·E's success, in February 2022, they interviewed artist zenElan for his secrets to creating fantastical works.

Previously a photographer, zenElan now creates otherworldly artworks using NightCafe Creator. He's inspired by the process of "discovery and re-discovery" that goes alongside AI art and tells novice AI artists, "If you want to go deeper recognize that you have an incredibly powerful tool in front of you." As for zenElan's opinion about AI art's role in society, he's less sure. "I think we're all learning as we go and how it fits within a larger context," he says. "It brings people back together by renewing that sense of wonder the internet had before social media, thought maintains the element of sharing and community."

MoMA Exhibit Features AI Art Installation

I'm deeply honored and excited to announce our exhibition - Unsupervised opening on the 19th of November at MoMA! It's a dream of many artists to have the opportunity to imagine, practice and exhibit for such an important institution that supports the creativity of humanity! pic.twitter.com/OR25D7wrYJ

- Refik Anadol (@refikanadol) November 4, 2022

The Museum of Modern Art's Refik Anadol: Unsupervised uses AI-created by Anadol himself-that analyzes 380,000 images of 180,000 art pieces from MoMA's collection to create a continuous stream of moving images. MoMA describes the giant 24 feet by 24 feet piece as, "a singular and unprecedented meditation on technology, creativity, and modern art." The installation seeks "to interpret and transform more than 200 years of art from MoMA's collection." Unlike Andol's first Unsupervised, posted to Feral File in 2021, his MoMA piece also responds to real-time environmental inputs, like light, sound, and movement. As the museum states, "The history of modern art will be transformed by the liveness of public space in the present." Refik Anadol: Unsupervised will be showing from November 19, 2022 to March 5, 2023, and marks a historic moment for the museum and the exhibiting art world at large.

AI Art Generators Pop Up All Over Social Media

Some AI art generators-like NewProfilePic and the recently popular Lensa with its Magic Avatar feature-have allowed anyone to turn their selfies into highly stylized artworks that look like they belong in a museum or on a movie poster. This has been a fun intersection of art, photography, and social media for the public, but it has also led to the realization of a much larger problem. As a number of artists have spoken up, it has become more and more clear that artificial intelligence is learning and essentially stealing signature styles of artists around the world. The AI generators pull data from billions of images across the internet. So long as an artist uploads their work online, it can be "studied" and "learned" by AI and then mimicked.

Seeing plenty of thoughts online about the future of digital art in connection with AI generations, we decided to share some information on how AI generates images and why it will not replace digital artists. 🧵🧵🧵

- Prisma Labs (@PrismaAI) December 6, 2022

Lensa's parent company, Prisma, has quickly responded to growing concerns about AI taking jobs away from human artists. The company maintains that AI is not the end of art, but rather an evolution and extension of it. In a Twitter thread, Prisma writes, "As cinema didn't kill theater and accounting software hasn't eradicated the profession, AI won't replace artists but can become a great assisting tool."

The AI learns to recognize the connections between the images and their descriptions, not the artworks. This way the model develops operational principles that can be applied to content generation. Hence the outputs can't be described as exact replicas of any particular artwork

- Prisma Labs (@PrismaAI) December 6, 2022

It takes at least 10 minutes for the machine to make approx. 120 million billion (yes, it's not a typo) mathematical operations every time, meaning we have a separate model for each user, not a one-size-fits-all monstrous neural network trained to reproduce any face.

- Prisma Labs (@PrismaAI) December 6, 2022

To sum up,AI produces unique images based on the principles derived from data, but it can't ideate and imagine things on its own. As cinema didn't kill theater and accounting software hasn't eradicated the profession, AI won't replace artists but can become a great assisting tool

- Prisma Labs (@PrismaAI) December 6, 2022

We also believe that the growing accessibility of AI-powered tools would only make man-made art in its creative excellence more valued and appreciated, since any industrialization brings more value to handcrafted works.

- Prisma Labs (@PrismaAI) December 6, 2022

Related Articles:
Popular App Will Transform Your Selfie Into an Artsy Avatar, But It Comes With a Warning 9 AI-Generated Artworks Create the 'Mona Lisa' That Is Only Revealed When Put Together Artist Hides AI Faces Within Densely Patterned Paintings Dreamy Landscapes Accented With Glowing Lights Inspire Relaxation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Art Trend of 2022: How AI Art Emerged and Polarized the Art World

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
AI art has been everywhere from social media to the cover fashion magazines to museum exhibitions. Take a look at history in the making this past year.

# data[].attributes.body
Finally, we get into whether AI art can be copyrighted or not and if AI can use other artists work to generate images.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The U.S. Copyright Office (USCO) once again rejected a copyright request for an A.I.-generated work of art, the 's Adi Robertson reported last month. A three-person board reviewed a request from Stephen Thaler to reconsider the office's 2019 ruling, which found his A.I.-created image "lacks the human authorship necessary to support a copyright claim."

Thaler first brought the image created by his "Creativity Machine" algorithm to the USCO in November 2018,Eileen Kinsellareported for Artnet News. A Recent Entrance to Paradise is part of a series Thaler describes as a "simulated near-death experience," where an algorithm repurposes pictures to create images seen by a synthetic dying brain. Thaler noted to the USCO he was "seeking to register this computer-generated work as a work-for-hire to the owner of the Creativity Machine."

Both in its 2019 decision and its decision this February, the USCO found the "human authorship" element was lacking and was wholly necessary to obtain a copyright, Engadget's K. Holt wrote. Current copyright law only provides protections to "the fruits of intellectual labor" that "are founded in the creative powers of the [human] mind," the USCO states. In his most recent appeal, Thaler argued this "human authorship" requirement was unconstitutional, but the USCO has proven unwilling to "depart from a century of copyright jurisprudence."

Ryan Abbott, Thaler's attorney, tells News, "We disagree with the Copyright Office's Decision and plan to appeal...A.I. is able to make functionally creative output in the absence of a traditional human author and protecting A.I.-generated works with copyright is vital to promoting the production of socially valuable content. Providing this protection is required under current legal frameworks."

Abbott describes Thaler's effort as "an academic project" created for the purpose of testing copyright standards. Thaler has previously tested the limits of patent laws in numerous countries. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the U.K. Intellectual Property Office, and the European Patent Office all rejected his applications for an A.I. called DABUS to be recognized as the inventor of two products. He's filed appeals against those rulings.

U.S. copyright law doesn't explicitly outline rules for non-humans, but case precedent has led courts to be "consistent in finding that non-human expression is ineligible for copyright protection," the board says in its February 14 decision. The decision points out previous lower-court rulings, such as a 1997 decision that found a book of supposed divine revelations lacked an element of human arrangement and curation necessary for protection and a 2018 ruling that concluded a monkey could not sue for copyright infringement.

Other countries put less emphasis on the necessity of human authorship for protection. A judge in Australia ruled last year A.I.-created inventions can qualify for patent protection. And South Africa allowed Thaler to patent one of his products last year, noting that "the invention was autonomously generated by an artificial intelligence." While Thaler owns the patent, the A.I. is listed as the inventor.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
U.S. Copyright Office Rules A.I. Art Can't Be Copyrighted

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The U.S. Copyright Office (USCO) once again rejected a copyright request for an A.I.-generated work of art, the 's Adi Robertson reported last month. A three-person board reviewed a request from Stephen Thaler to reconsider the office's 2019 ruling, which found his A.I.-created image "lacks the human authorship necessary to support a copyright claim."