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1. The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program study: (n.d.). The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program Study: https://www2.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/ga/nawqa/basin/chattahoochee-basin.html

2. The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program study: (n.d.). The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River 3. National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program Study: https://www2.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/ga/nawqa/basin/soils.html

The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program study: (n.d.). The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program Study: https://www2.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/ga/nawqa/basin/chattahoochee-basin.html

Tri-State Water Wars Overview - ARC. (n.d.). ARC. https://atlantaregional.org/natural-resources/water/tri-state-water-wars-overview/

Making a Visible Difference in Proctor Creek Watershed Through Information and Data. (2016, June 15). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lcJHEIWRJv0

Water Planning and Conservation – Chattahoochee Riverkeeper. (n.d.). Water Planning and Conservation – Chattahoochee Riverkeeper. https://chattahoochee.org/our-work/water-planning-and-conservation/#:~:text=The%20Chattahoochee%20River%20provides%20more,to%20approximately%20five%20million%20people.

See Change in the Chattahoochee River Watershed (2017). (2018, January 30). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLebE8DejZM

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Changes in the Chattahoochee River Watershed

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Changes in the Chattahoochee River Watershed

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This video shows how people who live in the water shed region have seen the direct affects and changes in the watershed over decades

(See Change in the Chattahoochee River Watershed (2017), 2018)

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See Change in the Chattahoochee River Watershed (2017)

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In the basin changes in land cover from either deforestation or urbanization can alter the albedo. When the darker surfaces replace the reflective surface such as the forest more heat is absorbed causing warmer temperatures, these higher temperatures can impact the health of plant and animal species.

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The basin provides a range of power generation from hydropower, with several dams and reservoirs, like the Buford Damn, are places along the river that produce renewable energy. In Georgia the river is used for nuclear plants such as the Vogtle plant that generates a significant amount of electricity for that region.

(The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program Study:, n.d.)

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Thermal pollution is caused by roads and other paved surfaces heating up the rainwater that washes into the river, the water can be hot enough to kill sensitive organisms and fish in the water system

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Solutions to Improve Water Quality in the Basin

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Solutions to Improve Water Quality in the Basin

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Many local governments have begun to provide workshops and classes to homeowners and businesses to address short-term problems such as littering and longer term problems such as water conservation and erosion. By educating those on the appropriate garbage disposal, pesticide use, and irrigation and landscaping practices. This education initiative has helped to inform citizens on point and non-point pollution sources in hopes to protect the basin's quality for years to come

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Climate change has been altering the precipitation patterns in the CRB region that has resulted in more intense weather events causing an increase in rainfall leading to higher risks in major flooding, soil erosion, and an increase of sediment runoff into the the basin

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Along the basin there are large forested regions and forestry practices have impacted the health of the river. Timber harvesting have increased soil erosion rates, streamflow patterns, and caused chemical runoff into the basin

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For three decades Georgia, Alabama, and Florida has fought over the use of the shared water basin for needs such as drinking water, power generation, and agriculture. The "Tri-State Water Wars" began when Alabama sued the Corps to prevent Atlanta from using additional water from the basin. In 2014 Florida sued the state of Georgia asking for a more "equitable apportionment" of the basin's water supply. In 2021 after a three year long "reallocation study" the Corps granted the city of Atlanta permission to get its water supply from Allatoona Lake which will support Atlanta's projected water supply needs until 2050 and lessen the demand on the Chattahoochee River Basin

(Tri-State Water Wars Overview - ARC, n.d.)

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In 2014 the city of Flint switched its main water supply from from Lake Huron to the Flint River as a cost saving policy. Poor water treatment and corrosion led the the leaching of lead into the water supply, impacting millions of people. The incident in Flint has brought up serious concerns of proper water treatment, especially in the CRB system

(Tri-State Water Wars Overview - ARC, n.d.)

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Riparian Zone Protection and Restoration

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Riparian Zone Protection and Restoration

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Riparian zones are areas around the river that are considered and classified as crucial habitats, the soils and vegetation in these zones are shaped by the flow of the river. These riparian zones helped to naturally preserve the water quality and flow. Along the Chattahoochee river in these zones several laws have been put into place for protection, including the Georgia Erosion and Sedimentation act which require that no land development take place within 50 feet of a protected riparian zone.

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Land use practices along the basin have impacted the water quality and quantity. Agricultural practices, particularly row crop farming that use intensive fertilizer and pesticide application contribute to nutrient runoff into the river

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The river is home to many vital native species, a number of those are considered to be endangered including fish like the Cherokee Darter, birds such as the Bachman's Sparrow, and invertebrates such as the Chattahoochee Crayfish

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The major soils are ultisols, spodosols, entisols, inceptisols, and mollisols. The basin encompasses are a large variety of soils due to its diverse geological location and vary due to a number of factors such as land use practices and topography

(The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program Study:, n.d.)

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The wetland ecosystem and vegetation are vital to the health of the river as they act as a natural storage and filtration systems, help to regulate water flow, and provide homes for animal species

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Non-point sources of contamination from places such as septic tanks and leaky sewer lines are affecting the shallow water throughout the river basin

(Making a Visible Difference in Proctor Creek Watershed Through Information and Data, 2016)

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Making a Visible Difference in Proctor Creek Watershed Through Information and Data

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The Chattahoochee River provides more than 70% of Atlanta's drinking water for approximately five million people even though the water shed is one of the nations smallest to serve a major metropolitan area. Many citizens are encouraged to collect rain water barrels to lessen the strain on the river.

(Water Planning and Conservation – Chattahoochee Riverkeeper, n.d.)

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The Chattahoochee River Basin stretches 8770 miles covering three southeastern states: Georgia, Alabama, and Florida

(The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program Study:, n.d.)