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Here are some simple ideas for a logo using my chosen colour scheme. The phone can also be used at the end of the video with a "toggling" slogan as a call to action for the target audience.

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1. Rich Black (OB2027)
2. Cerulean (40798C)
3. Verdigris (70A9A1)
4. Ash Gray (CFD7C7)
5. Cornsilk (F6F1D1)

I plan to use these 5 colours throughout my promotional video.
The dark blues and the rich black will be used to articulate the sadness, guilt and how depressing it is to watch a child's life go by while they are attached to a phone or iPad.
The second lightest hue will be used to portray the muted and muffled life in the background while the lightest hue will be used to communicate the positives of discipline of screen time and the good habits parents can have and display for their children.
These colours will hopefully transfer to the emotions of the parents and guardians watching this message and action them to do something about it.
In terms of colour psychology, black usually influences people to feel a sense of sadness and regret (K. Cherry 2022). Although blues can give people a sense of relief as stated by K. Cherry 2022, I want my audience to feel down and 'blue' about the facts behind my message.

With yellows and colour psychology, it articulates a feeling of joy and happiness (K. Cherry 2022) which is how children should be perceived, 'little balls of joy'. This is why I want to use these hues towards the end of my video to give my audience a sense of hope and a way out of these bad habits.

Cherry, K 2022, Color Psychology: Does It Affect How You Feel?, Dotdash Media Inc, viewed 2 April 2023, <https://www.verywellmind.com/color-psychology-2795824>.

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For my main text, I wanted it to be straight-forward and easily read for the viewer. This is why I chose Area Normal Regular. It feels inviting and fresh for the viewer and the lettering is well balanced with good spacing - thus easy to read for my audience.
I chose Brevia Semibold for my sub-headings, as it is big enough to catch the readers attention but it is not strong enough to take away from other information on the page. It also feels well balanced, inviting and fresh.
For my main heading I chose Puffin Display Soft Black. This heading gives a marshmallow vibe which feels inviting for my website and video. It feels soft, easy to read and catches the viewers attention without feeling harsh.

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How do you think your target audience feels about your product before they’ve seen your video?
I want my target audience to feel intrigued when they see my video. I feel as if my target audience does not think a whole lot of my product/message before they view the video as it is something they do possibly on a daily basis and just looking at a fact without adding emotion to it, will just go past them.

How do you want them to feel after they’ve seen your video?
After viewing my video, I want my target audience to feel a sense of guilt and shame that they have been creating these developmental issues in their children and having them miss out on life in front of them. Thus motivating them to change their habits.

What tone/s or emotion/s will you need to convey to convince your audience of your promotional message?
I will need to convey the emotions of dullness, depression, sadness, indifference, guilt and shame. These emotions will hopefully convince my audience, that this message is something that should be taken seriously and act upon it with their children. At the end of my video, I do not want to scare my audience away from the call to action but rather use inviting, fresh and positive emotions to help them change their habits.

Which fonts best represent these emotions? Why?
I believe using the font, Puffin Display Soft Black will invite my audience to get help with changing their habits rather than scaring them away from the issue. As well as using Area Normal Regular for the readability of my audience.

Which colours best represent these emotions? Why?
I would need to use dark muted colours in the first part of the advertisement to articulate the depressing and guilty emotion. And then lighter colours to articulate the positive changes they can make to feel inviting for my audience.

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This advertisement will display the difference of children being in front of screens at the convenience of parents vs playing and engaging with real life and how this affects children's development.

The ad will start with a child in the centre of the display in a darkish tone while his surroundings are going at a fast pace speed in a light/muted tone but muffled sound. This will depict the true reality of how dark and lonely it can feel being in front of a screen for hours while the surroundings will depict how life goes by very quickly when you are glued to technology.

As life goes by in the background, which will seem like hours, possibly days, the child will be glued to a screen. After a few seconds of the ad, a child will come out of the background and pull the child out of the dark hole they were in when glued to a screen.

Both the children will join their parents in doing a family activity together where the parents will be showing good habits with their technology, such as no phones at the table, paying attention to their children and/or using screen time together. This part will have a light and happy tone, hopefully showing the audience that technology does not have to have a negative connotation if used with discipline.

At the end of the clip with 5 seconds to remain, it will freeze while blurring the background with a quick message on the lines of "don't let your children's lives flash before their eyes, change your habits before its too late", etc. etc. Reiterating the message behind the video.

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AIDA - Identifying & Crafting the Message

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AIDA - Identifying & Crafting the Message

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Attention
I hope to grab the attention of my audience through creating a scene where it looks like its a happy, fast paced and light environment, but as you look to the middle of the screen, there is a child fully absorbed by an Ipad or an Iphone (possibly sitting in a stroller with no parent around). This creating a dim vibe in this part of the advertisement and thus creating the emotion of disgust for parents watching this.
Going from a dim environment, I want the video to change into a happy and lively atmosphere where the child is playing with other children or doing an activity with their parents.

Interest
I hope to fabricate an environment which parents can relate to and think to themselves "oh I do that" and realise that those small moments of giving their child an Ipad or Iphone can be very detrimental to their development. This should capture the intended audiences attention as they realise that they are the ones that are causing these development issues in their children and they can stop these habits.

Desire
In the first part of the video, the emotion of feeling sorrow for the child as they are surrounded by life will be established. This should have a dark and lonely tone over the child but light and bright tone in the surrounding environment. Once this emotion has developed, the mood should change to an overall happy and fun feeling as the child starts to socialise and has fun with their family. - Showing that not using technology for young children can be realistic. They just have to find things that work for them.

Action
At the end of the video once the audience has finished watching, they should feel an emotion of appall and realisation that they have been doing this to their children and they need to change their habits to ensure their children have a happy, successful future. Hopefully with the use of a short message as the end of the clip and a clear, bold font, parents and guardians will have an understanding of the issue.

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With the help of my mindmap, I hope to promote the current issue surrounding children under 5 and screen time and the cognitive, behavioural, physical & social effects it has on children, specifically at this age. Also educating parents on creating good and positive habits surrounding technology with screens so that their children learn and follow these habits.

A lot of these ads either focus on children and screen time where as only a few speak of creating good habits. I want to combine the 2 ideas into one video so that it covers the main points around this issue. Most of the videos I watched for research purposes seem as if their goal was to target the parents but the way they are promoted, looks more targeted towards children.
I want my video to be clearly targeted towards parents.

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https://www.unicef.org/parenting/child-development/babies-screen-time#:~:text=Screens%20reduce%20empathy,verbal%20cues%20and%20interpret%20them.

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Did you know that the negative effects of too much screen time for babies and toddlers range from shorter attention span to lower empathy?

Carlota Nelson, director of the documentary Brain Matters, explores why too much screen time can harm babies and the importance of ensuring children enjoy off-screen experiences.

Babies, toddlers and screen time

In today's tech and media-driven world, many parents use screens to keep young children entertained or distracted while they juggle other needs. It works. Screens captivate children's attention in a way almost nothing else does, allowing parents a bit of a breather. But what is the impact of screens on young brains and how much screen time should they be exposed to?

Brain scientists who study the impact of screens on baby brains don't have all the answers yet, but what they do know will help parents understand how critical it is to provide off-screen experiences. Only then will children learn, improve their social and cognitive skills and be healthier and happier in the future.

Babies learn the most from human interaction

Patricia Kuhl is one of the world's leading brain scientists and runs experiments with more than 4,000 babies each year. "What we've discovered is that little babies, under a year old, do not learn from a machine," she says, pointing to several brain scans on a computer. "Even if you show them captivating videos, the difference in learning is extraordinary. You get genius learning from a live human being, and you get zero learning from a machine."

Perhaps that is why the World Health Organization recommends no screen time for babies under 2 and no more than one hour of screen time a day for those aged 2 to 4.

Screens hijack attention spans

For children to be successful, they need to learn how to concentrate and focus. That ability starts to develop during their earliest years when their brains are more sensitive to the environments around them. For a brain to develop and grow, it needs essential stimuli from the outside world. More importantly, they need time to process those stimuli. While reading storybooks out loud gives children time to process words, images and voices, the constant absorption of on-screen images and messages affects their attention span and focus.

Screens curtail ability to control impulses

Young children need their dose of boredom. It teaches them how to cope with frustration and control their impulses. If young children are constantly being stimulated by screens, they forget how to rely on themselves or others for entertainment. This leads to frustration and hinders imagination and motivation.

Screens reduce empathy

Research has shown that screen time inhibits young children's ability to read faces and learn social skills, two key factors needed to develop empathy. Face-to-face interactions are the only way young children learn to understand non-verbal cues and interpret them.

"Until babies develop language," says Charles Nelson, a Harvard neuroscientist who studies the impact of neglect on children's brains, "all communication is non-verbal, so they depend heavily on looking at a face and deriving meaning from that face. Is this person happy with me, or are they upset at me?" That two-way interaction between children and adult caregivers is critically important for brain development.

Exposure to screens reduces babies' ability to read human emotion and control their frustration. It also detracts from activities that help boost their brain power, like play and interacting with other children. But if you have to rely on screens at certain moments, just make sure to control the quality of what they see and engage with them while they're watching. The benefits of limiting and even eliminating screen time in these early moments will last a lifetime.

Carlota Nelson is the writer and director of Brain Matters, a groundbreaking feature documentary about early brain development in children. Before filming began, Carlota spent eight months researching early childhood development with the world's leading neuroscientists and members of the early childhood development community. To learn more about the film, please visit www.brainmattersfilm.com.

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Did you know that the negative effects of too much screen time for babies and toddlers range from shorter attention span to lower empathy? Carlota Nelson, director of the documentary Brain Matters, explores why too much screen time can harm babies and the importance of ensuring children enjoy off-screen experiences.

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https://www.todaysparent.com/family/parenting/heres-why-screens-bring-out-the-worst-in-your-kid/

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"It became really tough to get out the door because he was irritable when he had to turn off the tablet," says Heinl. "The listening absolutely went downhill."

She tried giving Lucas countdown-style warnings to get off the screen but despite her efforts, "He was just very focused on the iPad," she says. Not willing to compete with a screen for her son's attention, Heinl cut him off, cold turkey, nearly a month into her experiment.

Another paper, published in the journal Paediatrics in August, found a similar link: researchers at the CHEO Research Institute in Ottawa found kids who use screens more than recommended (and who do not sleep enough) were more likely to act impulsively and make poorer decisions.

While screens can be beneficial teaching tools that have been linked to fostering everything from empathy to literacy and problem-solving skills-and there's no denying that they've made long-distance travel a whole lot more bearable-their growing presence means parenting around them has become increasingly challenging. What is it about screens that's bringing out the worst in our kids?

The link between screens and behaviour

The exciting nature of screen time can trigger the release of dopamine, a feel-good neurotransmitter that makes us associate screens with pleasure and therefore something we want to spend more time with. And while pretty much all screen content is intended to capture your attention, some products, like video games, with their impressive graphics and reward-based stories, appeal much more to that dopamine rush. "When the game stops, so does dopamine release and for some individuals this can result in irritability," explains Tom Warshawski, a Kelowna-based paediatrician and chair of the Childhood Obesity Foundation.

Time spent in front of a screen is also time your kids are not spending engaged in other activities, many of which minimize behaviour problems. For example, Mandhane's research found a correlation between amount of screen time and sleep-kids who watched more than two hours of TV a day were 64 percent less likely to get the recommended 10 hours of sleep compared to those who were on a screen for 30 minutes or less. It's no secret that lack of sleep can lead to tired, cranky kids who are more likely to exhibit undesirable behaviour.

Also losing time to tech is exercise says Warshawski, and while that can lead to some obvious physical health concerns, it can also impact behaviour. "Exercising outside is a really good way to preserve mental health, decrease anxiety and lift the mood," he say.

Regulating around screens

Increasingly, screens aren't just something parents have to worry about at home or when visiting a friend's house-we now find screens everywhere from doctor's offices to museums. And it's easier than ever to give a whiny kid your phone so that you can finish that restaurant meal or shopping trip in piece.

Due to their still-developing brains, transitioning away from almost any activity can be difficult for many children, particularly toddlers and preschoolers whose sense of self and desire for autonomy is rapidly developing. When that activity is as fun and exciting as screen time, that change can be extra-hard, explains Madigan, especially if it seems to the child that the transition is coming from nowhere. "If you just suddenly shut the TV off, you're more likely to get some kind of behavioural protest," she says.

It's hard to know how to handle screen time in your home, when even expert bodies can't agree on what an appropriate amount of screen time is. Earlier this year, Britain's Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health released guidelines on screen time for the first time, but left limits largely up to families, stating "evidence is weak for a threshold to guide children and parents to the appropriate level of screen time." To arrive at this conclusion, the society analyzed the abstracts of 940 different studies that focused on the impact of screen time on kids' mental and physical health.

In contrast, the World Health Organization's review of dozens of screen time studies led it to announce in April its own guidelines of zero hours for kids under two and one hour or less for kids two to four. This advice is similar to that given by the Canadian Paediatric Society, with recommendations of one hour maximum for kids two to five and zero hours for those under two. This recommendation is endorsed by all of the experts we spoke with.

Warshawski recently saw a five-year-old boy whose tantrums and anger issues seemed to be linked to his heavy consumption of video games and YouTube. Eventually, his parents cut off the internet to the house, "There were no screens for anyone," he says. There was however, an "almost 180-degree improvement in behaviour because the child's energy and thoughts and pattern were channelled into socialization."

While that was a fairly drastic move, for many families, unwanted behaviours that are being spurred on by screen time can be reduced by being more mindful about how everyone is interacting with their tech.

Before the screens get turned on, discuss exactly how long they'll stay on and what content they'll be airing. If need be, consider setting a timer as an "objective" party. Just make sure that if your kid is doing something, like playing a game, that requires a wrap-up period, you factor in some time for that.

Once those boundaries have been set, enforce them, "Consistency helps children know what to expect," says Madigan who explains that when, day after day, you turn off the screen at the agreed upon time, "It doesn't come as a surprise to the child and you may see fewer behavioural outbursts as a result."

Listen: Today's Parent editor-in-chief Kim Shiffman discusses kids and screen time on the Moms In The Middle podcast:

This article was originally published on Jan 15, 2020

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Here's why screens bring out the worst in your kid - Today's Parent

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"It became really tough to get out the door because he was irritable when he had to turn off the tablet," says Heinl. "The listening absolutely went downhill." She tried giving Lucas countdown-style warnings to get off the screen but despite her efforts, "He was just very focused on the iPad," she says.

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Process:
Educating parents on why screen time should not be used for children under the age of 5 and how there are more negative effects than positive as well as enforcing good habits surrounding technology.

Facts:
Most of the facts and statistics surrounding children and screen time are negative and therefore should be endorsed more often. It is becoming a more common habit to give children a mobile device to play or watch on at such a young age (0-5). It is seen mostly in public when surrounded by people, to keep them quiet, busy, distracted and occupied.

There are a lot of behavioural issues coming forth as a result of screen use in children under the age of 5 which affects them in their later years, especially in school environments.
I need to find out:
- more reasons as to why parents/guardians give their children devices
- how they feel after giving their children devices

Feelings:
I feel strongly towards this issue as I have seen first hand the behavioural issues it creates for children when a device is taken from them. I have also seen multiple parents giving their children devices in public as a way to keep them busy and quiet.

Creativity: Teaching the audience ways they can use technology and screens positively.
Showing the correct amount of screen-time children should get at certain ages.
Teaching parents & guardians good habits surrounding screens and how they can influence their children positively.

Benefits: Many studies are undertaken on this issues meaning there is lots of evidence to support my claims.
I can hopefully get my message across and change the way of parenting in our screen based society.

Cautions: Parents/guardians are used to their ways of parenting.
Thinking they are correct in the way they bring up their children.
They will not think this ad is of importance.

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Challenging your Assumptions & Different Perspectives

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Challenging your Assumptions & Different Perspectives

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Questions:
1. What are the statistics surrounding children under 5 and screen usage?

2. What are the reasons parents or guardians are giving their children screens?
3. Do parents believe it is beneficial to give children devices at a young age?
4. Do they believe that allowing children (0-5) to watch or play on a phone is educational?
5. Does the type of screen time and how it is used play role in the negative and positive outcomes?

Assumptions:
1. It is an easy way to keep them distracted while you’re doing something

2. Easy way to bribe children – while trying to feed them, etc.

3. An “easy” way to entertain them
4. It is educational and a good way to teach children at a young age
5. It can help in the development of certain skills

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1. Teen drinking
2. Teen drug taking
3. Being more mindful of our earth
4. A tote bag that has multiple uses
5. Drug driving
6. Drink driving
7. Benefits of pescatarianism
8. Benefits of veganism
9. Promoting a healthy lifestyle
10. Social issues
11. Drug use & effects on parenting
12. Quick & easy ways to be sustainable
13. Brain function and mental health links to healthy foods
14. Transforming the way you view food (as an energy source and fuel for your body
15. Donating to a charity
16. Salvation Army
17. Red Cross
18. Ronald McDonald House
19. Adopting not shopping - pets
20. Reusable grocery bags - using less plastic
21. Sustainability in a household
22. Social media usage and negative impact on adolescent's self esteem
23. 60 minute time limit for <18 year olds on TikTok
24. Technology use and its affect on young kids
25. How screen time can affect sleep
26. Eating 2 and 5 everyday
27. Tourism in South Australia
28. Top things to do in Adelaide on a budget
29. Top things to do in Adelaide
30. An Ad for dads company - with permission
31. Upcycling clothes
32. Upcycling household items
33. DIY around the house
34. How to create a stress free home environment
35. Scheduling in reading every day and how it can impact your brain function
36. Scheduling in meditation and how it can affect your every day function
37. Being active everyday and how it affects your mental health
38. Starting going to the gym and how it can transform your confidence
39. How running or taking a walk every day impacts your daily moods
40. Swapping phone and social media usage to finding meaningful hobbies
41. Quick and easy ways to be healthy on a busy schedule
42. How your surrounding environment impacts your growth as a person
43. How your environment can have an impact on your mental health
44. How surrounding yourself with good people with good habits can change you positively
45. Benefits of planning and being organised
46. How planning and organisation can transform your life
47. How actively searching for things you are passionate about can have a positive impact on your life
48. Benefits of intermittent fasting
49. Mental benefits of having hobbies
50. Mental benefits of giving back to the community (helping food banks)
51. Benefits of socialising with the elderly and the impact you have on them
52. Supporting people with mental health issues
53. Mental benefits of interacting with animals
54. Teaching children how to save money, preparing the future and the showing the benefits
55. How quitting smoking can have a massive impact on your brain function and every day life
56. Pilates vs the gym
57. Screen time and young children (0-5) - how it affects their development, what is the suggested time for screens at this age & what can you do instead of handing a child a screen?
58. Travelling and new cultures and how it opens your mind
59. Importance of keeping a healthy heart (diet, exercise, longevity, heart break)
60. Importance of communication in relationships (platonic, family, romantic)
61. Importance of love languages in relationships and its impact
62. Networking in the modern world and how it can positively impact your business relationships
63. Equality in the workplace vs best person for the job
64. How weather impacts depression (different race groups impacted differently by the weather)
65. Challenges of living with blindness and vision impairment
66. Importance of identifying seasonal affective disorder
67. Why setting realistic goals is important and how pushing to achieve them can change your life
68. The difference between raising children in the city vs country and which is more beneficial for their development.
69. How young adults nowadays have an emotional support water bottle and why this started to become popular.
70. What certain activities stimulate child development and what hinders it.
71. Going to school in todays society and the social pressures teenagers face.
72. How young girls are affected by social media and how it contributes to school bullying.
73. Social media influencers and its affects on the self confidence of young women
74. Does having a recycling bin actually make a difference?
75. Hustle culture and the adverse affects of constantly working
76. Going to university or learning a trade, which is best suited for you?
77. How meal prep can change the way you eat.
78. The difference forms for expressing your emotions.
79. Toxic masculinity and how this affects mens mental health.
80. Gender roles in the 20th century vs the 21st century, how and what began the change over time.

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When I first glanced over the brief for assessment 1, I felt a little overwhelmed, particularly when reading that I have to come up with 80 ideas to promote. Although it seems like a straightforward idea, I was uncertain of what ideas are considered “right” or “wrong”. My first thought about this assignment was “what ideas am I promoting?”, “can it be anything like a food item or does it have to be a message?”
I really struggled at first to even just think of a simple idea, but after sitting with my thoughts for a moment, I started to come up with ideas which I have an interest in and would be passionate sharing with people.

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Screen time, young children and lazy parenting (0-5 y/o's) - summary

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Screen time, young children and lazy parenting (0-5 y/o's) - summary

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My chosen message is - screen time and the impacts it has on children aged between 0 and 5 years old and how this has become a common parenting habit.
I have decided to choose this idea for my promotional video as it is something I see on a day to day basis while working in a cafe. It pains me every time I see parents giving their young child a screen as a way of "keeping them busy" whilst they have coffee with their friend/s.
I also have experience with coaching children's sport and working with children on placements from my previous studies and I have seen the negative impact it has had on children's behaviour, aggression, inattentiveness and the other various affects it has on children's brains.

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The target audience I have chosen for this video are parents, legal guardians or people who are responsible for children. I want to reach people who give their children screens as a way to keep them "busy" and quiet.
This target audience has no specific age limit or gender, this message is for any one who is responsible for children under the age of 5.

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Research is currently suggesting that screen time can have a serious negative impact on the physical, emotional, cognitive and social development for all children but especially children ages between 0 and 5 (Kerai, S., Almas, A., Guhn, M., et. al, 2022).
Research also states that although your child may have limited to no screen time, it is also important to demonstrate good habits around technology as children are easily able pick up on these (Raising Children Network, 2022).

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtbdqIds_3c

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Screen Time Rules For Kids | Let's Talk | NPR

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8BiSyMXZFA&ab_channel=InternetMatters

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Finding a healthy screen time balance | Internet Matters campaign

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This video is a great source for my research as it gives the children’s perspective on screen time rather than just the researchers perspectives. It shows the children’s reactions to the facts they were given on screen time, while we also get a look at how much screen time their parents allow them to have. This video educates young children as well as help them become self-aware of how it affects them. I like the way that this video uses children to deliver the message of the negative effects screen time has. I would also like to use children to deliver the message I will be promoting but rather aimed at parents not children. This video is more of a ‘casual interview’ vibes, whereas I would like my promotional video to have more of an educational/informative feel.

The Oregonian 2019, Screen time for kids: Healthy Head to Toe, video, YouTube, 28 August, viewed 20 March 2023, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pOQHQ6x-Y8>.

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This video explains statistics surrounding screen use in children and how it has increased significantly within a five year period (2011-2017). It highlights 3 important rules parents should have surrounding screens; enjoy screens, not too much, mostly together.

Rather than only focusing on the negatives, this video informs parents on how to manage screen time better and create better habits. I would like my video to be similar in terms of how educational it is for parents and guardians but in more of a story telling way. Hoping to use children to deliver the message.

National Public Radio 2018, Screen Time Rules For Kids | Let's Talk | NPR, video, YouTube, 22 March, viewed 20 March 2023, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtbdqIds_3c>.

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This video is filmed more as an advertisement. I like how it shows that technology is considered negative when children do not have discipline surrounding the amount of screen time they get. It is also great how it shows the positive side to technology when it is used in the company of your parents. Using phones, tablets and tv’s should really only be used to educate children and not to be left to their own devices. Although my idea for my promotional video has a similar approach, I would like it to be less of a traditional advertisement. In my video I plan to use a brighter colour scheme with more information to back up my message.

Internet Matters 2019, Finding a healthy screen time balance | Internet Matters campaign, video, YouTube, 3 September, viewed 10 March 2023 <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8BiSyMXZFA>.

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This source is a great source of information to use for my journal as it highlights how research usually focuses on how screen time can affect children in school rather than children under the age of 5. This will be beneficial to promote in my video as it shows parents that there is real evidence to support the message.

Kerai, S, Almas, A, Guhn, M, Forer, B & Oberle, E 2022, ‘Screen time and developmental health: results from an early childhood study in Canada’, BMC Public Health, vol 22, no. 310, viewed 10 March 2023, <https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12701-3>.

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This source explains the national guidelines the Australian Government has ‘suggested’ or ‘trying to enforce’ parents to give their children. It also discusses the adverse effects excessive technology use has on the psychosocial, cognitive & physical development of children between the ages of 0-17 years old. This source is beneficial for my video as it gives a perspective of the Australian Government as most of the other articles and videos I have researched are from international governments and bodies.

Joshi, A & Hinkley, T 2021, Too much time on screens? Screen time effects and guidelines for children and young people, Australian Institute of Family Studies, viewed 10 March 2023, <https://aifs.gov.au/resources/short-articles/too-much-time-screens>.

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This website contains information on raising children at all types of ages. This page in particular expresses the importance of essentially having no screen time for babies under 2 years old but also expressing the importance of creating good habits around babies and children surrounding technology and screen time as parents and guardians. This source explains that babies and children learn from watching parents so if you create healthy habits with technology, they are more likely to follow. This will be good information to use in my video as it not only highlights the negative impact technology and screens can have on young children but also highlights how to create healthy habits when using them.

Raising Children Network (Australia) Limited 2023, Screen time and digital technology use: babies and toddlers, Raising Children, viewed 10 March 2023, <https://raisingchildren.net.au/babies/play-learning/media-technology/healthy-screen-time-0-2-years>.

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https://raisingchildren.net.au/babies/play-learning/media-technology/healthy-screen-time-0-2-years

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Screen time and digital technology use: babies and toddlers

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For children aged 0-2 years, most types of screen time are best saved until they’re older. Connecting with family and friends using video chat can be fun.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pOQHQ6x-Y8

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Screen time for kids: Healthy Head to Toe

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https://aifs.gov.au/resources/short-articles/too-much-time-screens#:~:text=For%20children%20younger%20than%20five,social%20and%20psychological%20wellbeing.

https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-12701-3#Sec14

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In Australia, screen time spent on TV, e-games, digital tablets and smartphones is a regular part of children and young people's lives. Parents report that excessive screen time is the top health concern they have for their children, and they are worried that their children spend too much time on electronic devices., This short article provides an overview of the national guidelines for screen time, the effects of excessive screen time and how practitioners can support families to reduce screen time.

What are the national guidelines for screen time?

Guidelines for screen time can be found in the Australian 24-hour movement guidelines for the early years (birth through to five years) and children and young people (5-17 years) (introduced in 2018). These guidelines were developed from systematic reviews of the evidence about the effects of physical activity, sleep and sedentary time (including screen time) on children's development, health and wellbeing.,, For screen time, the guidelines recommend:

no screen time for children younger than two years

no more than one hour per day for children aged 2-5 years

no more than two hours of sedentary recreational screen time per day for children and young people aged 5-17 years (not including schoolwork).

Most Australian children spend more time on screens than is recommended. Estimates from primary research suggest only 17-23% of preschoolers and 15% of 5-12 year olds meet screen-time guidelines.,, Screen time has also been shown to increase between the ages of 10 and 14, especially among boys. The types of screen-time that increased was electronic gaming for boys and TV, computer use and social networking for girls.

During the COVID-19 lockdowns, families reported that they spent more time watching TV and movies than before and that children were spending 35 minutes more time on screens a day on the weekends.,

What is the evidence on the effects of excessive screen time?

For children younger than five years, there is strong evidence that screen time has negative effects on:

weight

motor and cognitive development

social and psychological wellbeing.,

Screen time in this age group may be associated with the following problems in later childhood:

emotional problems in girls

family functioning for both boys and girls.

For children and young people aged 5-17 years, screen time may have negative effects on:

weight and diet (especially from TV viewing)

behavioural problems, anxiety, hyperactivity, attention, self-esteem and psychosocial health.

For this age group, some research links screen time with depressive symptoms. However, other research suggests there is limited evidence linking screen time to mental health problems.

The type of screen time, and how it is used, affects outcomes for children and young people. For instance, watching TV may result in less physical activity and children being more disengaged or less attentive, and may negatively affect family functioning., However, internet use and electronic gaming may support skills such as stress management.

Studies do not always agree about the effects of excessive screen time, likely because of differences in their methods. However, research suggests that excessive screen time in children, especially young children, is likely to lead to unhealthy outcomes in the short and longer term. In addition to the time spent on screens, it is also important to consider the type of screen time and how it is used.

How can practitioners support families to reduce excessive screen time?

Evidence suggests the following strategies may help practitioners support families to minimise excessive screen time:

Practitioners can encourage organisations and each other to:

be aware of, and share, the 24-hour movement guidelines to encourage balancing the day with different activities and avoid focusing on specific behaviours in isolation,

collaborate between organisations to achieve results (e.g. health and movement organisations collaborating with schools or youth-based organisations).

Practitioners can support parents to:

limit their own screen time. There is a strong relationship between parents' screen time and that of their children.,

co-participate - where parents and children take part in screen time together and engage in conversations about the content. This encourages spontaneous opportunities for learning and practising language skills, and helps mediate the content being viewed.

set time and content rules around screen use. This is associated with lower levels of screen time., Supportive rather than controlling styles of communicating rules may be beneficial.

find ways to balance their child's day with other activities such as physical activity and play to support their physical and mental health. This could include scooter riding, dancing, running, climbing or going to the park with friends.

encourage children to self-regulate screen time. Personal recognition of the consequences of excessive screen time, giving them a sense of autonomy over their choices and involving them in decision making are important for this strategy to be effective.,

Conclusion

Excessive screen time can lead to poor health and developmental outcomes. Where possible, practitioners can support parents to keep their children's screen time within the recommended levels, engage in more supportive screen behaviours (such as parents and children using screens together) and encourage children to take part in other activities, such as physical activity.

Further reading and related resources

References

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Too much time on screens? Screen time effects and guidelines for children and young people

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In Australia, screen time spent on TV, e-games, digital tablets and smartphones is a regular part of children and young people's lives.