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Social Problems

Illiteracy and Poverty

80% of the population was illiterate and poor

Mainly rural peasants

Limited Land

Small amounts/person

No land available due to new crops

Drought and Famine

Economic Problems

Large Gap between the Rich and the Poor

Middle class and upper class citizens were unaware of the problems for the rural peasants

Lost Control of Trading Ports to Foreign Nations

Forced to sign treaties that gave control to foreign nations

Sometimes the Chinese people were excluded from these ports

Political Problems

Destruction caused by the Civil War

Mainly fought by peasants in the countryside

No relief/help for the people that fought in the war

Government was Fragmented

Local leaders focused on their people and not the country

Couldn't provide for the people

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-British had complete control over India
-People of India had no political power/rights
-Groups were formed by Indians to fight to get political power
-Economy was dropped greatly because of British influence
-losing world exports/imports
- Country was split  into parts partly because of different religions.
- was a clash between two religious groups, while people were moving to part of country for their religion, caused fighting and people to be murdered.
-British stalled new reforms from being released, this angered  the people fighting for rights.

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-in 1977 many political activists began to protest and criticize the way Shah ruled and how he let the West have a prominent influence on the country ejnfkjen sell oil
-1978 Iranian newspapers wrote about Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, an exiled leader of the White Revolution, causing outburst of protests and violence
-In 1989, after 15 years of exile, Khomeini returned to Iran and started the national revolution, Shah’s  government collapsed and the Islamic Republic was created

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- Political corruption was widespread in Cuba, as political scandals were constantly a part of the government. This caused a lot of Cuba's issues to remain unsolved.

- Cuba had severe social issues; there was intense segregation in Cuba.

- Also, there were economic issues in Cuba. Cuba's economy was dominated by American businesses and slavery.

- The Platt Amendment gave the US a major presence in Cuba. The Platt Amendment made Cuba had to ask the US in order to trade. Also, the US exploited Cuba's economy and politics.

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before Cuba's rebellion, some problems they faced were the Spanish colonized Cuba in the 15th and 16th centuries. US-owned the most businesses in Cuba and got most of the profit and there was a wide gap between rich people and poor people as well as employees being very high. the Cuban people did not have much of a voice in the government and the government was not helping people. Fulgencio Batista took control over Cuba as dictator using military power and many people feared and hated him.

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- The general Apartheid system, known as the "policy that cause seperation of races" in 1960, it was the law of the land that began the huge segregation actions in South Africa
-Britan wanted to colonize it but they wanted to be independent
- The General pass regulation bill in 1905 caused the right to vote for black African Americans to get eliminated
-Land Act of 1913 restricted blacks to own land (7-13% of the land was available to them)which led to economic issues
-South Africa Act of 1910 had also only given the complete control to the whites
-The Natives in urban areas Bill in 1918 moved blacks out of the "white areas"
-Many other actions labeling the segregation made the black African Americans grow angry and want a just system so they rebelled

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Social issues- High levels of poverty and their incapability to read and write, and very limited land that was available for them. There was a large gap between the rich and the poor and this helps us understand why they turned against the Communist Revolution.
Economic issues- There was also a result of British imperialism in China, like them being forced to sign treaties, lost control of trading ports by other nations, and have been excluded from these ports. You can see how this had become an issue to the economy because some of the wealth was decreasing in China.
Political issues- China was under the rule of the Qing Dynasty and it was not able to maintain control over the growing population. In general the government was fragmented, the local leaders were more focused on their own people rather than the entire country and just could not provide for the people.

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- Britain had authority over India.
- People in India had no political rights.
- Economy changed in India due to Britain
- Only wealthy Indians were allowed to vote.
- Self Determination was promised by Britain if India fought in WWI.
- The Caste System was still considered a thing, but Britain was considered the highest.
- Indians were servants to Britains.

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- Britain wanted to unify the South Africa under British rule. But, the independent Afrikaner (Boer) colonies wanted to keep their independence.

- After gold was discovered in Witwatersrand, Africa became the biggest gold producer. So, a lot of foreign people came to Witwatersrand, but their right to vote was stripped from them, as the independent colonies saw them as a threat to their independence. Some of the immigrants were British, which caused tensions with Britain to increase.

- The Jameson Raid was Britain's attempt to take over the independent colonies' governments before the war. But, the raid was unsuccessful and further increased tensions with Britain

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-Iran voted for a nationalistic prime minister who took oil reserves back from the west
-The west staged a coup to depose the government to become favorable.
-The public became enraged with the new pro-west government
-A devout Islamic took over power with support of the people

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-British had a lot of control over India.
-Each province was ruled by the British or an Indian prince. The princes were mainly there to help the British.
-Citizens of India had no say in the government.
-British industrialized India. It could be seen as a good advancement, but Britain harshly enforced it upon the workers.
-All companies were owned by the British or Indian princes. This had a negative impact on the Indian economy. It also restricted Indians from making their own goods.
-The British promised self-determination if the Indians fought in WWI.
-The Indians eventually rioted against the British government. They went to Amritsar to fast, pray, and listen to political speeches about self-determination.
-British recently banned public demonstrations and thought the citizens were trying to create a revolution. So, they opened fire.

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- Fidel Castro's speech delivered to the United States highlighted many of the problems within Cuba. It led to nationalism and anger within Cuba.
- The Platt Amendment allowed the United States of America to engage and intervene with Cuban affairs. This went against what many in Cuba wanted, which was to be an independent and self-sufficient country free of outside help.
- There were many problems in the status quo of Cuban agriculture, health, nutrition, housing, and education which led to many people being uneducated, unemployed, unfairly paid, homeless, malnourished, and poor.

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-There were lots of people who were poor and uneducated
-Very little amounts of land were available to people
-There was lots of drought and famine
-Big gap between the peasants and higher classes. Higher classes didn't know what they were going through
-China lots control of trading ports to other nations
-Was still recovering from the civil war from the Qing dynasty. Many people the were affected or fought in the war did not receive relief
-The government was divided and leaders focused on their own territories rather than the country as a whole. Also did not provide for their people very well

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-India was extremely industrialized by British-owned companies only
-India had no representation for what the British could do better for them
-Religious rivalry between Muslims and Hindus made Britain separate Pakistan and India, displacing people of the opposite religion

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Problems in pre-communist China

Illiteracy and poverty

80% of the population was illiterate and poor

Mostly the peasants

Limited land

Very small amounts per person

No more available land due to new crops

Drought and famine

People were hungry but the drought meant less water which meant fewer crops which meant less food

A large gap between the rich and poor

The rich and middle class were unaware of the problems for the rural peasants

Lost control of trading ports to foreign powers

Forced to sign treaties that gave control to foreign powers

Sometimes Chinese were excluded from these ports

Qing dynasty

Destruction caused by civil war

Mainly fought by peasants in the countryside.

No relief/help for the people that fought in the war.

Government was fractured

Local leaders were more focused on their own people than the whole country

Couldn’t provide for the people

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Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was a very weak leader who caused great unemployment, inflation, and civil unrest within Iran. People had very little say in what the government did, so they asked a former political opposition, Ayatollah Khomeini, to overthrow the Shah. After this was achieved, people voted for an "Islamic Republic" that would be based on Islamic religious beliefs.

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Castro was a corrupt dictator who grew up around the law, but he was terrible when it came to making the best decisions for the people. Castro started a revolution that went against Cuba's government and in the end, he robbed Cubans of their most basic human rights, political freedom, destroyed the economy, and demolished relations with the U.S. by defying 10 U.S. presidents. When he received more power, he put hundreds of Batista supporters on trial and most were convicted and then shot. Throughout this entire time he had power, he just created more problems for the people of Cuba and neighboring nations, so over a million of them fled to the U.S. since the revolution.

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Social Issues - There was poverty 80% to be exact. Limited land due to new crops and droughts.
Economic Issues - Large gaps between the rich and the poor. Losing control of trading ports.
Political Issues - The government was fragmented bot caring for the whole country only their people and there being mass destruction due to the Civil War

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-Indians had no say in either government
-British restricted Indians from making their own goods
-British did not believe Indians could govern for themselves
-British had most of control of India

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-Apartheid system enforcing segregation and restictive living for black populations.
-General Pass Regulations Bill that called for no black voters, and required black people to carry ID everywhere
-Land Act meant that black people could only own land in certain areas. They were allotted around 7-13% of the avalible land
-South Africa Act put white people in complete control,  and enforced strict segregation
-Other laws prohibited...
*Practice of Skilled Trades
*Mixed Marriages
*Education Promoting A Better Life
*Living in "White Areas"