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Which deficiency diseases are linked to vitamin d deficiency?

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Which deficiency diseases are linked to vitamin d deficiency?

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Rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis

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the 3 forms of vitamin A are retinol, retinal, and retinol acid.

Retinol supports reproduction.

Retinal is crucial for vision.

retinoic acid is important for gene expression.

Beta-carotene

Xerophthalmia

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What are the four classics symptoms of pellagra?

The four common symptoms can be remembered as the 4 D’s.

Dermatitis, diarrhea, death, dementia.

Dermatitis is the inflammation of the skin.

Dementia is neurological issues that cause confusion, memory loss, and depression.

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What condition can result from excess vitamin d intake? 

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What condition can result from excess vitamin d intake? 

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Hypercalcimia

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What is the main role of vitamin E as an antioxidant?

Answer: protects cell membranes and lipids from oxidative damage

What is the main deficiency symptoms of vitamin E?

Answer: muscle weakness, poor coordination, loss of sensation and visual problems

What is RDA from vitamin E in adults?

Answer: 15 milligrams per day

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What role does vitamin B6 play in amino acid metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis?

Vitamin B6 helps break down amino acids in order to make the neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and GABA

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Which plant-derived form of vitamin D is called ergocalciferol (D2)? 

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Which plant-derived form of vitamin D is called ergocalciferol (D2)? 

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Mushrooms

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Q: What is the primary role of vitamin K in the body?

A: The primary role of vitamin K is to help your blood clot properly and support healthy bones.

Q: What bone protein requires vitamin K to bind minerals?

A: Osteocalcin

Q: Why are newborn infants given a vitamin K injection at birth?

A: To prevent a condition called Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB).

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Which food is the richest dietary source of retinoids?

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Which food is the richest dietary source of retinoids?

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The richest food source of retinoids (Vitamin A) is liver, especially beef liver, or cod liver oil.

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9. What are the main roles of Vitamin D of calcium regulation and bone health?

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9. What are the main roles of Vitamin D of calcium regulation and bone health?

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Vitamin D regulates calcium absorption in the intestines with parathyroid hormone (PTH) which helps maintain proper blood calcium and phosphate levels.

Main points:

Intestinal Absorption

Mineralization

Calcium Homeostasis

Bone remodeling

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1. The richest sources of vitamin E are high-fat plant-based foods, particularly sunflower seeds, almonds, hazelnuts, and wheat germ oil. Other excellent sources include various vegetable oils, other nuts and seeds like peanuts, green leafy vegetables such as spinach, and some fruits like mangoes and avocados.

2. Riboflavin's major function in energy metabolism is acting as a precursor to the coenzymes FAD and FMN, which are crucial electron carriers in oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions essential for breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into ATP, the cell's primary energy currency

3. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) deficiency can cause skin issues like dermatitis and cracks at the mouth's corners, eye problems such as light sensitivity and blurred vision, and general symptoms like fatigue, anemia, and sore throat

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Why do folate and vitamin B12 depend on each other for activation? And what happens in their deficiencies?

B12 activates folate, but without each other, DNA synthesis fails and both deficiencies cause megaloblastic anemia. B12 deficiency also causes nerve damage.

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1. What role does thiamin play in energy metabolism?

• Helps enzymes break down sugars from carbs

• Makes energy in your cells run smoothly

• Your body needs this to make energy

2. What disease results from thiamin deficiency? (beriberi)

• Dry: affects the nerves and muscles

• Wet: affects the heart

3. What is the RDA for thiamin, and how does it differ by sex?

• Men 19+: 1.2 mg/day

• Women 19+: 1.1 mg/day

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20. Why is vitamin K deficiency rate in healthy adults? 

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20. Why is vitamin K deficiency rate in healthy adults? 

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Vitamin K deficiency is rare in healthy adults and most infants because vitamin K is abundant in leafy green vegetables and synthesized by gut bacteria, with a routine vitamin K shot at birth protecting newborns.

Malnutrition: People with malnutrition may not get enough vitamin K from their diet.

Liver Disease: Conditions like cirrhosis can impair fat absorption, which is necessary to absorb vitamin K.

Certain Medications: Drugs like some antibiotics (e.g., certain cephalosporins), anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), and anticonvulsants can interfere with vitamin K and increase the risk of deficiency.

Malabsorption Conditions: Diseases like cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, or conditions causing chronic diarrhea can prevent the body from absorbing fats, including vitamin K.

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Which amino acid is the precursor to niacin ?

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Which amino acid is the precursor to niacin ?

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Tryptophan is the precursor to Niacin it can be converted into niacin in the liver which is essential for maintaining adequate niacin levels in the body.

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1.) Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed with fat, transported through the lymph, and then are stored in the liver/fat and are excreted slowly. Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into the blood, then transported directly into the blood, then transported freely and stored minimally and excreted quickly

2.) Fat-soluble vitamins can cause toxicity because they are stored in tissue and don't get flushed out

3.)factors that affect the bioavailability of food in vitamins in food are. health status food metrics,nurtience chemical form, digestive health, and age

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Question 8: How is Vitamin D synthesized and activated in the body?

Synthesis:

1. In the skin (7 dehydrocholesterol)

2. Ultraviolet light from the sun = Previtamin D3

3. Heat from the Body = Vitamin D3 ( Calciol)

4. Synthesis front diet : Vitamin D2 ( plants )

Vitamin D3 (animals)

5. ^ = vitamin D3

Activation : From Vitamin D3 ( Calciol)

1. In the liver: Hydroxylation - Calcidiol

2. In the kidneys: Hydroxylation - Calcitriol